The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was implemented in 2002 in response to several major accounting scandals that shook investor confidence. SOX aims to improve corporate governance and financial disclosure. Staying compliant with SOX can be challenging due to threats like unauthorized access, human errors, and data loss from disasters. Companies can take steps like electronic document storage, backup procedures, and firewalls to help ensure compliance with SOX's financial reporting and data protection standards.