1. A
Abdomen
EUS anatomy of
radial orientation, 67–121
station approach to, 170–188
radial examination, 170–171
upper
linear endoscopic ultrasound anatomy, 122–144
Acoustic enhancement, 18
Acoustic impedance, 15
Acoustic shadowing, 18
Acute calculous cholecystitis, 21
Acute pancreatitis
ultrasound, 22
Adrenal glands, 117, 143
from stomach
linear examination, 183f
American College of Gastroenterology, 10
A mode (amplitude), 16
Amplitude, 16
Ampulla, 93, 94f, 136
EUS, 136f
with radial echoendoscope, 93f
visible human image, 82f, 136f
visible human model, 186f
Anal canal
proximal
solid state radial probe EUS, 158f
solid state radial probe EUS, 159f, 164f
Anechoic lesion
liver, 18f
Angle of incidence, 15
Annular arrays, 16
Aorta, 26f, 29f, 105. See also Ascending aorta
along duodenum
visible human model, 110f
anterior view
visible human model, 170f
aortic arch image level
visible human model, 47f
azygous arch image plane
rotating probe radial array EUS, 45f–46f
visible human model, 45f
deep into duodenum
visible human image, 110f, 112f, 121f
descending, 26
from distal duodenum
visible human planar anatomy, 174f
distal thorax
linear array EUS, 52f
visible human image, 52f
lateral view
visible human model, 171f
left atrium level
rotating probe radial array, 40f, 41f
solid state radial probe EUS, 42f
visible human database, 39f
visible human image, 62f–63f
visible human images, 61f–62f
linear array endoscopic EUS, 59f, 63f
mid thorax
linear array EUS, 51f
visible human image, 51f
from proximal stomach
visible human image, 107f, 115f, 117f
radial echoendoscope, 108f
deep into duodenum, 111f
radial echoendoscope deep into duodenum, 109f, 120f
radial EUS, 101f, 106f
rotating probe radial array EUS, 27f, 36f
solid state radial probe EUS, 27f–29f, 30f, 31f
transduodenal image
beyond ampulla, 82f
transduodenal radial echoendoscopic image, 84f
visible human database, 32f, 35f, 37f, 38f, 43f–44f
visible human image, 53f, 54f, 55f, 64, 65f–66f, 68f, 70f, 75f,
82f, 83f, 84f, 85f, 86f–88f, 96f, 102f, 103f, 106f, 109f, 116f
visible human model, 35f, 42f, 53, 56f, 58f, 64, 106f, 108f, 112f
Aortic arch, 47
aortic arch image level
rotating probe radial array EUS, 48f
linear array EUS, 52f, 54f, 55f
visible human image, 52f–53f
Aortic root
linear array endoscopic EUS, 61f, 62f
Aortic valve
left atrium level
rotating probe radial array, 40f
visible human database, 39f
visible human image, 62f–63f
visible human images, 61f–62f
Aortopulmonary window, 53
azygous arch image plane
visible human database, 47f
linear array EUS, 54f, 55f
visible human image, 54f, 55f
visible human model, 53
Artifacts
ultrasound, 17–19
Ascending aorta
azygous arch image plane
visible human database, 47f
subcranial space
linear array endoscopic EUS, 59f
visible human database, 43f–44f
visible human images, 60f
AstraZeneca, 10, 11
Attenuation, 15
Azygous vein, 26, 26f, 29f
aortic arch image level
visible human model, 47f
azygous arch image plane
rotating probe radial array EUS, 45f–46f
visible human database, 47f
visible human model, 45f
left atrium level
rotating probe radial array, 41f
solid state radial probe EUS, 42f
visible human database, 39f
visible human image, 62f–63f
linear array EUS, 57f, 63f
solid state radial probe EUS, 27f–29f
190
INDEX

2. 191
visible human database, 32f, 35f, 37f, 38f, 43f–44f
visible human image, 53f, 54f, 55f, 64, 106f
visible human model, 35f, 42f, 56f, 64
Azygous vein arch
azygous arch image plane
rotating probe radial array EUS, 45f–46f
visible human database, 47f
linear array EUS, 56f
B
BC Decker Inc., 10
Bhutani, Manoop S., 10
Bile duct
from duodenal bulb
long axis view, 172f
Biliary ducts
ultrasound, 21
Biliary system, 21–22, 85, 131
Biliary tree
relationship to duodenum
visible human model, 132f
Bladder
linear array EUS, 166f, 167f, 168f
solid state radial probe EUS, 151f, 162f
visible human model, 146f
B mode (brightness), 16
Brachiocephalic artery, 49
aortic arch level
rotating probe radial array EUS, 49f–50f
visible human database, 50f
Brachiocephalic vein, 49
aortic arch level
rotating probe radial array EUS, 49f–50f
visible human database, 50f
subcranial space
linear array endoscopic EUS, 59f
visible human images, 60f
Brightness, 16
C
Carina
rotating probe radial array EUS, 43f
CBD. See Common bile ducts (CBD)
Celiac bifurcation
transgastric radial echoendoscope, 103f
transgastric radial EUS, 104f, 116f
Celiac trunk, 101–102, 142
from aorta
EUS, 142f
visible human image, 142f
from distal duodenum
visible human planar anatomy, 174f
visible human image, 102f
visible human model, 143f, 179f, 180f
Center for Human Simulation (CHS)
University of Colorado, 1–7, 9–12
Cervix
solid state radial probe EUS, 161f
visible human female database, 161f
China, 1
Cholecystitis
acute calculous, 21
Cholesterol
comet tail artifact, 18f
Chronic pancreatitis
ultrasound, 22
CHS
University of Colorado, 1–7, 9–12
Clubhead view, 175, 176f
Coccyx
solid state radial probe EUS, 152f, 153f
visible human male database, 153f
Color Doppler ultrasonography
portal vein, 19f
Comet tail artifact
cholesterol, 18f
Common bile ducts (CBD). See also Distal common bile ducts
behind pancreatic head
visible human model, 138f
classic radial transduodenal image, 100f
deep into duodenum
visible human image, 121f
from duodenal bulb
visible human image, 134f
duodenal bulb and ampulla
radial echoendoscope, 80f
heading toward duodenal wall
radial echoendoscope, 90f
human visible images, 72f
with pancreatic duct
visible human models, 92f
portal confluence from duodenal bulb
visible human model, 173f
radial echoendoscope
transduodenal image, 72f
radial echoendoscope deep into duodenum, 120f
radial endoscopic image from postbulbar duodenum, 93f
relationship to pancreatic duct
visible human model, 188f
transduodenal image
beyond ampulla, 83f
radial echoendoscope, 78f, 79f
ultrasound, 21–22, 22f
visible human image, 71f, 75f, 79f, 81f, 82f, 84f, 85f, 86f–88f,
90f, 91f, 94f, 101f
visible human model, 73f, 78f, 120f, 185f, 186f
Continuous wave Doppler ultrasonography, 19–20
Contrast resolution, 17
Cord, Michael, 10
Coronary sinus, 31
left atrium
visible human image, 62f–63f
linear array EUS, 57f, 59f
subcranial space
linear array endoscopic EUS, 59f
visible human database, 32f, 35f, 37f
visible human images, 58f, 60f
Corpus spongiosum
visible human male database, 158f, 166f
Curved arrays, 16
Curvilinear echoendoscopes, 25f
Cysts
liver, 21
D
Decibel (dB), 14
Descending aorta, 26
Deutsch, John, 9, 11
Diagnostic knee arthroscopy simulation, 7
Diagnostic ultrasonography, 13–25
physics, 13–14
Digital anatomy, 9–12
INDEX

3. 192 DIGITAL HUMAN ANATOMY AND ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Digital endoscopic ultrasound anatomy, 10
Distal common bile ducts, 90, 133
radial endoscopic image from postbulbar duodenum, 93f
through pancreatic head
EUS, 134f
visible human image, 134f
Distal duodenum, 173–174
anterior view
visible human model, 170f
lateral view
visible human model, 171f
SMA from
visible human model, 174f
Distal rectum
solid state radial probe EUS, 158f
Doppler imaging
power, 20
Doppler ultrasonography, 19–20
color
portal vein, 19f
continuous wave, 19–20
pulsed, 19–20
Dorsal pancreatic duct, 175
Duodenal bulb, 183
Duodenal wall
normal, 67
Duodenum. See also Distal duodenum; Proximal duodenum
radial examination, 175f
visible human model, 104f
Duplex scanning, 20
Dynamic range, 19
E
Education
Visible Human Project, 1
Endosonography, 9–12, 13–25, 22–24
Entertainment
Visible Human Project, 4–5
Esophagus, 26f, 29f
anterior view
visible human model, 170f
aortic arch level
rotating probe radial array EUS, 48f, 49f–50f
visible human database, 50f
visible human model, 47f
azygous arch image plane
rotating probe radial array EUS, 45f–46f
visible human database, 47f
visible human model, 45f
lateral view
visible human model, 171f
left atrium level
rotating probe radial array, 41f
visible human database, 39f
rotating probe radial array EUS, 36f
solid state radial probe EUS, 30f, 31f
visible human database, 32f, 35f, 37f, 38f, 43f–44f
visible human model, 35f, 41f, 42f, 51f, 53, 56f, 58f, 64, 68f
External anal sphincter
linear array EUS, 169f
visible human female images, 168f
visible human male database, 160f, 166f
visible human male images, 169f
F
Flashback Imaging, 5
Flat plate
orthogonal stationary views, 9
Focal length, 19
Frame rate, 19
Frequency, 13
Functional Anatomy of theVisible Human, 5f
G
Gain, 19
Gallbladder, 4f, 12, 21–22, 22f, 85, 131
behind pancreatic head
visible human model, 138f
from duodenal bulb
EUS, 132f
visible human image, 132f
echogenic stones, 18f
heading toward duodenal wall
radial echoendoscope, 90f
radial echoendoscope, 86f, 87f
transduodenal radial echoendoscope, 88f
ultrasound, 21
visible human image, 86f–88f, 89f, 90f, 91f
Gallstones
ultrasound, 21
Gastric cardia
left liver lobe
EUS, 123f
visible human image, 123f
Gastric wall
EUS, 122f
normal, 67, 122
transgastric radial echoendoscope, 67f
transgastric radial EUS, 116f
Gastroduodenal artery
solid state radial EUS, 105f
visible human image, 105f
visible human model, 104f
Gastroesophageal junction, 26, 26f, 29f, 178, 180–181
anterior view
visible human model, 170f
image plane above
visible human database, 32f, 34f
lateral view
visible human model, 171f
radial endoscopic ultrasound, 101f, 106f
rotating probe radial array EUS, 27f
solid state radial probe EUS, 27f–29f
visible human model, 106f, 178f
Gastrointestinal echo layers
with histologic correlates, 67t
Gastrointestinal wall
endosonography, 22–23, 23f
H
Haptic locations, 3, 3f
Hemangioma
liver, 21, 21f
Hepatic artery
from proximal stomach
visible human image, 119f
visible human image, 96f, 97f, 102f, 103f, 105f, 116f
visible human model, 112f
Hepatic veins, 20f, 26
solid state radial probe EUS, 27f–29f
visible human images, 65f–66f
Hepatocellular carcinoma, 21f

4. 193
Hertz (Hz), 13
Human anatomy
three-dimensional computer database, 1–7
Human Embryology Digital Library and Colaboratory Support
Tools, 1
Hz, 13
I
Identification masks, 3f
Iliac artery
visible human male database, 150f
visible human model, 148f, 149f
Iliac vein
visible human male database, 150f
visible human model, 148f, 149f
Iliac vessels
linear array EUS, 165f
solid state radial probe EUS, 150f
visible human male database, 165f
Incident wave, 14f, 15f
Inferior mesenteric vein
transgastric image
visible human image, 77f
Inferior vena cava, 20f, 26, 26f, 29, 105
along duodenum
visible human model, 110f
classic radial transduodenal image, 100f
deep into duodenum
visible human image, 110f, 112f, 121f
linear array endoscopic EUS, 63f, 65f
liver left lobe
EUS, 124f
visible human model, 122f, 125f
from proximal stomach
visible human image, 117f, 119f
radial echoendoscope
deep into duodenum, 111f
radial echoendoscope deep into duodenum, 109f, 120f, 121f
radial EUS, 106f
rotating probe radial array EUS, 27f
solid state radial probe EUS, 27f–29f, 30f, 31f
transduodenal image
beyond ampulla, 82f
radial echoendoscope, 79f
visible human database, 32f
visible human image, 64, 65f, 68f, 70f, 75f, 82f, 83f, 84f, 85f,
86f–88f, 90f, 96f, 101f, 102f, 103f, 106f, 116f
visible human model, 64, 106f, 108f, 120f, 124f
Information interface
Visible Human Project, 4
In situ morphometrics
Visible Human Project, 4
Interactive Atlas, 1, 4, 4f
Interatrial septum, 36
linear array endoscopic EUS, 63f
visible human database, 38f
visible human image, 64
Intercostal veins
linear array EUS, 57f
visible human images, 58f
Interface, 15
Internal anal sphincter
linear array EUS, 169f
solid state radial probe EUS, 159f
visible human female images, 168f
visible human male database, 158f, 160f, 166f
visible human male images, 169f
Ishiocavernosus
visible human male database, 158f
K
Kidneys, 117, 143
radial echoendoscope deep into duodenum, 120f, 121f
radial echoendoscope from proximal stomach, 117f, 118f
relationship to spleen
visible human model, 177f
from stomach
EUS, 143f
linear examination, 183f
visible human image, 144f
visible human model, 120f
Knee arthroscopy simulation
diagnostic, 7
Knee joint
real time deformation of, 12
Knobology, 19
Korea, 1
L
Lee, Christian, 12
Left adrenal gland
from proximal stomach
visible human image, 107f, 114f, 115f, 117f, 119f
from stomach
EUS, 144f
from stomach visible human image, 145f
transgastric radial image from proximal stomach, 115f, 119f
visible human image, 113f, 116f
Left atrium, 26f, 29f
aortic arch image level
visible human model, 47f
azygous arch image plane
visible human model, 45f
left atrium level
rotating probe radial array, 40f, 41f
visible human database, 39f
visible human image, 62f–63f
visible human images, 61f–62f
linear array EUS, 57f, 59f, 60f, 61f, 63f
rotating probe radial array EUS, 36f, 37f, 38f, 39f
solid state radial probe EUS, 39f
subcranial space
linear array endoscopic EUS, 59f
visible human database, 37f, 38f
visible human image, 53f, 54f, 55f, 58f, 60f, 64, 65f
visible human model, 35f, 41f, 58f
Left carotid artery
aortic arch level
rotating probe radial array EUS, 49f–50f
visible human database, 50f
Left gastric artery
visible human image, 97f, 105f
visible human planar anatomy, 176f
Left gastric vein
visible human image, 99f
Left mainstem bronchus
left atrium level
visible human database, 39f
visible human images, 61f–62f
visible human database, 43f–44f
visible human image, 54f, 55f, 56f
visible human model, 41f, 42f
INDEX

5. 194 DIGITAL HUMAN ANATOMY AND ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Left renal vein
from distal duodenum
visible human planar anatomy, 174f
transgastric radial EUS from proximal stomach, 114f
Left ventricle, 31, 31f
linear array EUS, 57f, 59f
solid state radial probe EUS, 32f
visible human database, 32f, 35f
visible human images, 58f
visible human model, 35f, 58f
Levator ani
visible human male database, 155f, 156f, 157f, 158f
Linear arrays, 16, 165, 179–180
Linear echoendoscopes, 24
Linear endoscopic ultrasound anatomy
upper abdomen, 122–144
Linear thoracic anatomy
normal, 51–62
Liver, 67, 179
anechoic lesion, 18f
cysts, 21
echotexture changes, 20
focal lesions, 21
hemangioma, 21, 21f
hyperechoic mass, 21f
left lobe, 122
visible human model, 122f
linear array endoscopic EUS, 65f
metastasis, 21
radial echoendoscope
transduodenal image, 72f
transgastric view, 68f, 69f, 70f
transgastric radial EUS, 116f
ultrasound, 20–21
visible human model, 68f, 69f, 124f
Lymph nodes, 53
M
Mahalik,Tom, 9
Metastasis
liver, 21
Mirror image artifact, 19
Mitral valve
linear array EUS, 57f, 59f, 60f
rotating probe radial array EUS, 36f, 37f
visible human database, 37f
visible human images, 58f
M mode (motion), 16
Modeling
Visible Human Project, 1–3
Motion, 16
N
National Library of Medicine, 1–7
News documentaries, 4
Noise
ultrasound, 17
Normal duodenal wall, 67
Normal gastric wall, 67, 122
Normal linear thoracic anatomy, 51–62
Normal radial thoracic anatomy, 26–66
Normal rectal endoscopic ultrasound anatomy, 146–169
Normal thoracic anatomy, 26–66
O
Obliquemaker, 10, 11f, 19f
Oblique slices
visible human male, 9
Obturator interus
visible human female database, 163f
visible human male database, 151f, 154f, 155f, 156f, 157f, 158f
Ontario Science Centre in Toronto, 5
Original real time obliquemaker
with correlated ultrasonography, 9–10
P
Pancreas, 73, 124–125, 127
at celiac trunk
EUS, 127f
visible human image, 127f
from gastric body
EUS, 126f
visible human image, 126f
radial echoendoscope
transgastric view, 69f, 70f
relationship to stomach and splenic vessels
visible human model, 125f
from stomach
linear examination, 183f
transgastric view
radial echoendoscope, 73f, 74f, 75f
ultrasound, 22
visible human model, 69f, 70f, 75f
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
ultrasound, 22
Pancreatic duct, 11f, 130
classic radial transduodenal image, 100f
with common bile ducts
visible human models, 92f
from duodenal bulb
visible human image, 134f
duodenal bulb and ampulla
radial echoendoscope, 80f
EUS, 128f, 131f
heading toward duodenal wall
radial echoendoscope, 90f
portal confluence from duodenal bulb
visible human model, 173f
radial echoendoscope
transgastric view, 70f
radial endoscopic image from postbulbar duodenum, 93f
relationship to duodenum
visible human model, 132f
relationship to stomach and splenic vein
visible human model, 130f
transduodenal image
beyond ampulla, 83f
transduodenal radial echoendoscopic image, 84f
transgastric radial EUS, 116f
transgastric view
radial echoendoscope, 73f, 74f, 75f, 76f, 77f
visible human image, 77f
ultrasound, 22
visible human image, 70f, 74f, 75f, 76f, 81f, 82f, 84f, 91f, 94f,
101f, 116f, 129f
visible human model, 78f, 185f
visible human planar anatomy, 176f
Pancreatic head, 77, 128
bounded by portal vein
EUS, 129f
visible human image, 129f
from distal duodenum

6. 195
visible human planar anatomy, 174f
from distal duodenum radial examination, 174f
duodenal bulb and ampulla
radial echoendoscope, 80f
EUS, 128f, 130f, 135f
transduodenal image
radial echoendoscope, 78f, 79f
transduodenal radial echoendoscope, 99f
visible human image, 135f
Pancreatic neck
overlying superior mesenteric artery, 181f
visible human model, 181f
visible human planar anatomy, 176f
Pancreatic tail, 127
near splenic hilum
visible human model, 128f
from stomach
linear examination, 183f
radial examination, 177f
transgastric image
radial echoendoscope, 76f, 77f
transgastric radial EUS, 116f
transgastric radial EUS from proximal stomach, 114f
transgastric radial image from proximal stomach, 115f
Pancreatitis
chronic
ultrasound, 22
Pelster, Helen, 9
Pericholecystic fluid, 21
Peritoneal reflection, 146
visible human model, 146f, 147f, 148f
Phased arrays, 16
Portal confluence
from duodenal bulb, 173f
visible human model, 173f
posterior to pancreatic vein
EUS, 139f
solid state radial endoscopic ultrasound, 97f
visible human model, 183f, 184f
Portal vein, 95, 136
behind pancreatic head
visible human model, 138f
color Doppler ultrasonography, 19f
confluence with splenic vein, 95f
duodenal bulb and ampulla
radial echoendoscope, 80f
heading toward duodenal wall
radial echoendoscope, 90f
human visible images, 72f
portal confluence from duodenal bulb
visible human model, 173f
posterior to pancreatic head
EUS, 137f
visible human image, 137f
radial echoendoscope
transduodenal image, 72f
transduodenal image
beyond ampulla, 82f
radial echoendoscope, 78f
transduodenal radial echoendoscope, 98f, 99f
transgastric view
radial echoendoscope, 73f
visible human image, 68f, 70f, 74f, 76f, 79f, 81f, 82f, 83f,
86f–88f, 90f, 91f, 97f, 99f, 105f, 136f
visible human model, 70f, 73f
visible human planar anatomy, 176f
Portal venous system, 136
relating to pancreas
visible human model, 139f
relationship to biliary tree
visible human model, 133f
visible human model, 73f, 78f
Portosplenic confluence
radial echoendoscope
transgastric view, 70f
transgastric view, 96f
radial echoendoscope, 73f
Positive ultrasonographic Murphy sign, 21
Power, 19
Power Doppler imaging, 20
PRF, 19
Prostate
linear array EUS, 166f
solid state radial probe EUS, 154f, 155f, 156f
Proximal anal canal
solid state radial probe EUS, 158f
Proximal duodenum
anterior view
visible human model, 170f
lateral view
visible human model, 171f
radial examination, 170–171
Proximal stomach
transgastric radial EUS, 107f
Pulmonary artery
azygous arch image plane
rotating probe radial array EUS, 45f–46f
visible human database, 47f
left atrium
visible human image, 62f–63f
linear array EUS, 54f, 55f, 63f
subcranial space
linear array endoscopic EUS, 59f
visible human database, 43f–44f
visible human image, 53f, 54f, 55f, 56f, 60f, 64
visible human model, 53
Pulmonary veins, 36
visible human database, 38f, 43f–44f
visible human image, 53f
visible human images, 56f
visible human model, 58f
Pulsed Doppler ultrasonography, 19–20
Pulse repetition frequency (PRF), 19
R
Radial array examination, 148
Radial echoendoscopes, 23–24, 23f, 24f
scanning plane, 24f
Radial thoracic anatomy
normal, 26–66
Receiver, 16
Rectum
distal
solid state radial probe EUS, 158f
normal endoscopic ultrasound anatomy, 146–169
visible human model, 146f, 148f, 149f, 150f
Reference standard
Visible Human Project, 4
Reflection, 14–15
Refraction, 15
Refraction artifacts, 17
Reinig, Karl, 9
INDEX

7. 196 DIGITAL HUMAN ANATOMY AND ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Renal vein
at celiac trunk
visible human image, 127f
at celiac trunk from aorta
visible human image, 142f
classic radial transduodenal image, 100f
deep into duodenum
visible human image, 112f, 121f
from proximal stomach
visible human image, 114f, 115f, 118f, 140f
radial echoendoscope, 108f
radial echoendoscope deep into duodenum, 111f, 120f, 121f
radial echoendoscope from proximal stomach, 118f
transgastric view
radial echoendoscope, 73f
visible human image, 77f
visible human image, 74f, 75f, 82f, 84f, 85f, 86f–88f, 90f, 101f,
109f, 113f
visible human model, 108f
Reverberation artifacts, 17
Right atrium, 26f, 29
left atrium level
rotating probe radial array, 40f
visible human database, 39f
visible human images, 61f–62f
linear array endoscopic EUS, 63f, 65f
rotating probe radial array EUS, 36f
solid state radial probe EUS, 30f, 31f, 32f
subcranial space
linear array endoscopic EUS, 59f
visible human database, 32f, 35f, 37f, 38f
visible human image, 60f, 64, 65f
visible human model, 64
Right gastric vein
posterior to pancreatic head
visible human image, 137f
visible human image, 116f
Right mainstem bronchus
visible human database, 43f–44f
visible human image, 53f
visible human model, 41f, 42f
Right ventricle
left atrium
visible human image, 62f–63f
left atrium level
visible human images, 61f–62f
linear array endoscopic EUS, 63f
solid state radial probe EUS, 32f
subcranial space
linear array endoscopic EUS, 59f
visible human database, 32f, 35f
visible human image, 60f, 64
visible human model, 64
Rubinstein, David, 11
S
Sacrum
solid state radial probe EUS, 152f
visible human male database, 152f
visible human model, 148f, 149f, 150f
Seminal vesicles
solid state radial probe EUS, 151f
visible human male database, 166f
Side lobes artifacts, 17–18
Simulation
Visible Human Project, 3
Sinusoidal waveform, 13
SMA. See Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
SMV. See Superior mesenteric vein (SMV)
Solid shells, 3f
Sound
propagation of, 13
Spatial resolution
ultrasound, 17
Spine, 36
linear array EUS, 57f
Spleen, 112, 139
from proximal stomach
EUS, 139f
visible human image, 140f
transgastric radial echoendoscope from proximal stomach, 113f
visible human image, 140f
visible human model, 112f
Splenic artery
at celiac trunk
visible human image, 127f
posterior to pancreas
visible human image, 141f
from proximal stomach
visible human image, 114f, 115f, 119f
from stomach
EUS, 144f
from stomach visible human image, 145f
transgastric image
radial echoendoscope, 76f, 77f
visible human image, 77f
transgastric radial EUS from proximal stomach, 114f
transgastric radial image from proximal stomach, 115f
visible human image, 76f, 96f, 97f, 103f, 113f, 116f
visible human model, 75f, 112f
visible human planar anatomy, 176f
Splenic vein, 22f
behind pancreatic head
visible human model, 138f
at celiac trunk
visible human image, 127f
at celiac trunk from aorta
visible human image, 142f
human visible images, 72f
portal confluence from duodenal bulb
visible human model, 173f
posterior to pancreas
EUS, 141f
visible human image, 141f
posterior to pancreatic head
visible human image, 137f
from proximal stomach
visible human image, 107f, 115f, 140f
radial echoendoscope
transgastric view, 70f
from stomach
EUS, 144f
from stomach visible human image, 145f
transgastric image
radial echoendoscope, 76f, 77f
visible human image, 77f
transgastric radial EUS, 116f
transgastric radial EUS from proximal stomach, 114f
transgastric radial image from proximal stomach, 115f
transgastric view, 96f
radial echoendoscope, 73f, 74f

8. 197
visible human image, 68f, 70f, 71f, 76f, 96f, 97f, 99f, 102f, 103f,
105f, 113f, 116f, 140f
visible human model, 70f, 73f, 75f, 112f, 114f
visible human planar anatomy, 176f
Stack sign, 172f
Stomach, 175, 181–182
proximal
transgastric radial EUS, 107f
visible human model, 53, 56f, 58f, 64, 68f, 69f, 104f
Subcarinal space, 41
visible human database, 43f–44f
visible human images, 60f
visible human model, 41f
Subclavian artery
aortic arch level
rotating probe radial array EUS, 49f–50f
visible human database, 50f
linear array EUS, 54f, 55f
visible human image, 54f, 55f
Subcranial space
linear array endoscopic EUS, 59f
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA), 22f, 100, 142
adjacent of pancreatic head
visible human image, 138f
celiac trunk from aorta
visible human image, 142f
deep into duodenum
visible human image, 110f, 112f, 121f
from distal duodenum
visible human planar anatomy, 174f
from duodenal bulb
visible human planar anatomy, 185f
duodenal bulb and ampulla
radial echoendoscope, 80f
EUS, 128f
human visible images, 72f
from proximal stomach
visible human image, 114f, 115f
radial echoendoscope
transgastric view, 70f
radial echoendoscope deep into duodenum, 120f
relationship to vein
visible human model, 184f
transduodenal image
beyond ampulla, 82f, 83f
radial echoendoscope, 78f
transgastric view
radial echoendoscope, 73f
visible human image, 70f, 74f, 75f, 79f, 81f, 83f, 84f, 85f,
86f–88f, 97f, 99f, 101f, 105f, 109f, 129f
visible human model, 73f, 100f, 108f, 143f, 188f
visible human planar anatomy, 176f
Superior mesenteric vein (SMV), 100, 137
adjacent of pancreatic head
EUS, 138f
visible human image, 138f
behind pancreatic head
visible human model, 138f
classic radial transduodenal image, 100f
deep into duodenum
visible human image, 110f, 112f, 121f
from distal duodenum
visible human planar anatomy, 174f
EUS, 128f
posterior to pancreatic head
visible human image, 137f
from proximal stomach
visible human image, 114f
radial echoendoscope deep into duodenum, 120f
radial endoscopic image from postbulbar duodenum, 93f
transduodenal image
beyond ampulla, 82f, 83f
radial echoendoscope, 78f, 79f
visible human image, 74f, 79f, 83f, 84f, 85f, 90f, 94f, 101f, 109f,
129f, 136f, 140f
visible human model, 70f, 73f, 100f, 182f, 187f
Superior vena cava (SVC), 49
aortic arch image level
rotating probe radial array EUS, 48f
azygous arch image plane
rotating probe radial array EUS, 45f–46f
visible human database, 47f
linear array endoscopic EUS, 63f
liver left lobe
visible human model, 122f
visible human database, 43f–44f
visible human image, 64
visible human model, 64
Surgical simulator, 3f
SVC. See Superior vena cava (SVC)
T
TGC, 16
Thoracic anatomy
normal, 26–66
Thoracic duct, 26
aortic arch level
rotating probe radial array EUS, 48f, 49f–50f
visible human database, 50f
azygous arch image plane
rotating probe radial array EUS, 45f–46f
visible human database, 47f
left atrium level
rotating probe radial array, 41f
solid state radial probe EUS, 42f
visible human database, 39f
solid state radial probe EUS, 27f–29f
visible human database, 32f, 37f, 38f, 43f–44f
visible human image, 106f
Three-dimensional computer database
of human anatomy, 1–7
Time gain compensation (TGC), 16
ToLTech, 3
Trachea
aortic arch level
rotating probe radial array EUS, 48f, 49f–50f
visible human database, 50f
azygous arch image plane
rotating probe radial array EUS, 45f–46f
visible human database, 47f
linear array endoscopic EUS, 63f
subcranial space
linear array endoscopic EUS, 59f
visible human image, 54f, 55f, 60f
visible human model, 41f
Tracheobronchial tree
visible human model, 41f
Training
Visible Human Project, 1
Transducer, 15
Transducer zones, 16f
Transmitter, 15
INDEX

9. 198 DIGITAL HUMAN ANATOMY AND ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Treadway, Fran, 10
Tricuspid valve
visible human database, 32f
Tumefactive sludge
ultrasound, 21
U
Ultrasound
artifacts, 17–19
clinical applications, 20–22
display, 16
image quality, 17
instrumentation, 15–17
noise, 17
spatial resolution, 17
Ultrasound energy, 13f
interaction with matter, 14–15
Ultrasound fields, 16
Uncinate process, 82
classic radial transduodenal image, 100f
from distal duodenum
visible human planar anatomy, 174f
radial echoendoscope deep into duodenum, 111f
transduodenal image
beyond ampulla, 83f
transduodenal radial echoendoscopic image, 84f, 85f
visible human model, 100f
University of Colorado
Center for Human Simulation (CHS), 1–7, 9–12
Upper abdomen
linear endoscopic ultrasound anatomy, 122–144
Ureter
solid state radial probe EUS, 151f, 162f
Urethra
below prostate
solid state radial probe EUS, 157
linear array EUS, 166f, 167f, 168f
solid state radial probe EUS, 154f, 155f, 156f, 163f, 164f
visible human female database, 164f
Uterus
linear array EUS, 167f, 168f
solid state radial probe EUS, 161f
visible human female database, 161f
V
Vagina
linear array EUS, 167f, 168f
solid state radial probe EUS, 162f, 163f, 164f
visible human female database, 164f
Vaginal cavity
solid state radial probe EUS, 161f
visible human female database, 162f
Vascular system, 95
Velocity, 13, 14
VH Dissector Pro, 1, 2f
VHP. SeeVisible Human Project (VHP)
Visible Human Female, 7f
cadaver selection for, 6
Visible Human Interactive Atlas, 11
web site, 10–11
Visible Human Male, 7f
cadaver selection for, 5–6
frozen whole body specimen
sectioned, 6
MRI, 6
oblique slices, 9
Visible human model, 42f
Visible Human Project (VHP), 1–7
cameras, 6f
database, 5–6
education, 1
entertainment, 4–5
evolution of, 6–7
future work, 11–12
information interface, 4
modeling, 1–3
reference standard, 4
simulation, 3
in situ morphometrics, 4
training, 1
transverse cross sections, 2f
volumetric image data, 4f
Volumetric image data
Visible Human Project, 4f
Voxels, 3f, 4
W
Web site
Visible Human Interactive Atlas, 10–11