The document discusses various aspects of media convergence including: 1) Henry Jenkins argues that convergence is a cultural shift as consumers seek out new information and connections across different media, rather than just a technological process. 2) Participatory culture is described as having low barriers to artistic expression, supporting creating and sharing, informal mentorship, and a belief that contributions matter. 3) Collective intelligence is discussed as an emergent property of data, information, knowledge, software, hardware, and experts learning from each other. It emerges through consensus decision making.

1. edia
Picture: Lina Nilsson
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Convergence Cult
On the Subject:
Pernilla Jos
efsson
A New Paradigm Media Changes
pjose@kth.se
Transmedia Storytelling
e
yC ultur
ernilla
or
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ter: JP
i
#DH1603 Part
Twit
Tuesday, April 10, 2012

2. n
l e: 9 0 mi
Tim eTab
Convergence Culture
Participatory Culture
What do we learn?
Collective Intelligence
Media Literacy Social Media
Media Digital Media
Tuesday, April 10, 2012

3. Culture
erge nce
‣C onv “I
will
argue
here
against
the
idea
that
convergence
should
be
understood
primarily
as
a
technological
process
bringing
together
mul8ple
media
func8ons
within
the
same
devices.
Instead,
convergence
represents
a
cultural
shi<
as
consumers
are
encouraged
to
seek
out
new
informa8on
and
make
connexions
among
dispersed
media
content.”
-­‐
Henry
Jenkins
Photo:PernillaJosefsson
Tuesday, April 10, 2012

4. rgence od e s”
is
blurring
ia C onve “A
process
called
the
“c
on v ergence
of
m
een
point-­‐to-­‐poin
t
Med
a,
even
betw
‣
edi le
the
line s
between
m nic a8ons.
A
sing
mass
commu y
The definition? commu nica8ons
and
or
airwaves
-­‐
ma
ns
-­‐
be
it
wires,
cables ided
in
separate
physical
mea e
p ast
were
prov ast
carry
serv ices
that
in
th
pro vided
in
the
p
ser vice
that
was ,
or
ways.
Conversely,
a as8 ng,
the
press
one
medium
-­‐
be
it
broadc veral
differen
t
by
any
be
provided
i
n
se
telephony
-­‐
can
now
n sh ip
between
a
e-­‐ to-­‐one
rela8o
physical
w ays.
So
the
on
us e
is
eroding.”
m edium
and
its 83
-­‐
Ithiel
de
Sola
Pool,
19
Pool
as
well
as
Jenkins
sees
Convergence
as
a
process...
“Konvergens
innebär
inte
en
slutgil8g
stabilitet
eller
enhet.
Den
verkar
som
en
enande
kra<
men
befinner
sig
all8d
i
eP
dynamiskt
förhållande
8ll
förändring...Det
finns
ingen
absolut
lag
om
växande
konvergenser;
förändringsprocessen
är
mer
komplicerad
än
så.”
-­‐
Pool,
Technologies
of
freedom
Tuesday, April 10, 2012

5. y Cul ture
ticip ator
‣Par
“With great power, comes great responsibility”
-Sp iderman
Tuesday, April 10, 2012

6. y Cul ture The
term:
ticip ator
‣Par : is the opposite to a Consumer culture
Is
a
culture
were
the
public
act
as
Prosumers
Is
associated
with
Web
2.0
How does Jenkins describe it?
1)
Low
barriers
to
ar8s8c
expressions
and
engagement
2)
Support
for
crea8ng
and
sharing
3)
Informal
mentorship
4)
A
believe
that
contribu8ons
maPer 006)
l .
(2
5)
A
feeling
of
social
connec8on
et
a
ns
Je nki
Jenkins about “Participatory Culture”
Tuesday, April 10, 2012

7. Tuesday, April 10, 2012

8. Media
Educa8on
L i te racy
‣Media
: “The process of teaching and learning about media”
Media Education has:
1) No fixed location
2) No clear ideology
3) No definitive recipients
It
is
about
being
able
to
understand
the
media,
having
access
to
competences
such
as
how
to
analyze,
how
to
evaluate
and
how
to
create
messages
in
a
wide
variety
of
media
(modes,
genres,
forms).
“Can
be
seen
as
contribu8ng
to
an
expanded
conceptualiza8on
of
literacy,
trea8ng
mass
media,
popular
culture
and
digital
media
as
new
types
of
“texts”...”
Tuesday, April 10, 2012

9. elligence
tive Int How
would
U
define
it?
‣ C ollec
How does Jenkins define (use) it?
Pierre
Lévy 1994
The
term:
The
book:
“Becoming
Virtual:
Reality
in
the
Digital
Age”
In his book Lévy examining the cultural and social impact
of new digital technologies. As doing this he tackles the
concept of "the virtual”, "the real," "the actual","the
possible".
He shows how the Internet are transforming the virtual
into a "collective intelligence" which he see as linked to
digital communication.
Levy are optimistic in his view on technology and
demonstrates how the virtual always has been an enduring
component of the human mind, instead of as seeing it as a
threat to a dehumanized society. He´s arguments are in
line with other contemporary philosophers.
Tuesday, April 10, 2012

10. elligence
tive Int :
A
shared
of
Group
Intelligence
‣ C ollec Douglas
Hofstadter
(1979)
Emergent property of: Peter
Russell
(1983)
1) data/info/knowledge
Can
be
understood
as: 2) software/hardware Tom
Atlee
(1993)
3) experts/others learning from Pierre
Lévy
(1994)
feedback Howard
Bloom
(1995)
Francis
Heylighen
(1995)
m.m.
Emerges
and
appears
in
consensus
decision
making
Picture: Wikipedia : /wiki/File:CI_types1s.jpg
Tuesday, April 10, 2012

11. elligence
tive Int :
Is
Mass
Collabora9on
‣ C ollec
Emergent property of:
1) Openness -> Sharing ideas and intellectual property leads to improvement
Don
TapscoP 2) Peering -> Horizontal organization encourage self-organization.
3) Sharing ->Expanding markets
Anthony
D.
Williams 4) Acting Globally -> no geographical boundaries gives access to new
markets/ideas.
Francis
Heylighen
Valerie
Turchin Uses
the
leans
of
cyberne8cs
and
computer
science
leading
them
to
Gokried
Mayer-­‐Kress understand
and
define
the
term
as
networking
enabled
by
the
Internet.
New
Media/
Internet
/
Social
Media
:
Store and
retrieve information ->sharing -> interaction ->
knowledge building -> collective intelligence
Tuesday, April 10, 2012

12. elligence The
term:
tive Int
‣ C ollec
How does Jenkins define (use) it?
Builds
on
the
theory,
saying
that
“collec8ve
intelligence”
is
more
than
a
quan8ta8ve
contribu8on.
It
should
be
aPributed
to
media
convergence
and
par8cipatory
culture,
which
adds
a
qualita8ve
approach.
Jenkins about “Collective Intelligence”
Tuesday, April 10, 2012

13. ial Me dia?
dia? Soc
l Me
The
term:
a? D igita
‣ Medi McLuhan
(2001)
Media:
“..media
as
an
extension
of
the
body”
Williams
(1966)
Contribute
to
the
def.
reminding
of
the
importance
of
rela8ng
present
and
past.
From
a
theore8cal
perspec8ve:
Examples
of
Media:
1)
mechanics
or
electricity
such
as
radio,
television
2)
natural
channels
such
as
books,
images
Commonly
used
by
prac88oners
and
scholars:
In
the
means
of
storing
and
transmimng
informa8on.
Tuesday, April 10, 2012

14. ial Me dia?
dia? Soc
l Me
The
term:
a? D igita
‣ Medi
How do U define Digital Media?
How do U define Social Media?
Tuesday, April 10, 2012