In these slides, we would try to answer the question ‘what is web testing?’ and make it easier to understand the types of testing that makeup testing web applications

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Web Testing
Web Application automated testing

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What is a web application?
• A Web application is a computer program that is stored
on a remote server and delivered over the internet through
a browser interface.
• accessible using any web browser.
• running on a server (or cloud)
• uses many web technologies to perform various tasks
• is dynamic
• …

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How does a web-application work?
• Step 1: the user accesses a web application via a web browser or mobile
application, sending a request to the web server over the internet
• Step 2: the web server forwards the request to the web application server
• Step 3: the web application server performs the requested task – such as
querying the database or processing the data – then generates the results
of the requested data
• Step 4: the web application server sends the results back to the web
server
• Step 5: the web server delivers the requested information to the client
(desktop, mobile device, tablet, etc.) and the information are displayed to
the user

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Web application architecture
Frontend: the part of a web
application that the user
interacts with.
The frontend is built using
technologies such as
Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML), JavaScript and
Cascading Style Sheets
(CSS).
Backend: the server-side of
the web application.
The backend is built using
technologies such as Ruby,
Java, C++/C/C#, Python and
PHP. It also supports popular
databases including MySQL
and PostgreSQL.

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What is testing?
• Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent
of finding errors. (Myers)
• Testing is the process of establishing confidence that a
program o system does what is supposed to. (Hetzel)
• The process of exercising software to verify that it satisfies
specified requirements and to detect errors. (IEEE)
• The process with the objective of preventing defects (Test
Maturity Model - Level 5)

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What is web testing?
• Web testing is the process of testing a web-based
application for functionality, performance,
accessibility, security and more
• The aim of web testing is to find bugs in the web
application being tested.
• Web testing allows verifying that a web application
meets stated or implied functionality, security,
usability, accessibility, visual, and performance
requirements, before it goes live to end users.

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Why web testing?
• Deploying web
applications into the mass
market without proper
testing will result in
Poor quality
Unsatisfied users
Negative feedbacks
Loss of users and money
Poor
Quality
Unsatisfied
users
Negative
feedbacks
Loss of
users and
money

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Web Testing Types
1. Functionality Testing
2. Graphical User Interface Testing
3. Cross Browser/Compatibility Testing
4. Performance Testing
5. Security Testing
6. Database Testing
7. Usability Testing
8. ...
8

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Functional Testing
• Functional testing verifies that all the functionalities of
the web application operate in conformance with their
specification.
• Verify that the web application does "what" is supposed to do.
• Functional testing uses black-box techniques
• NO knowledge of the internal web application logic
• Tests are derived from the specification
• Functional testing includes several testing types such as
unit, smoke, sanity, integration, system, and regression
tests.

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Example using Maveryx
//start browser
Bootstrap.startApplication("Chrome.xml");
//navigate to the web application
new GuiBrowser().navigateTo("https://localhost:8080/login");
//enter username
new GuiText("Username").setText("maveryx");
//enter passowrd
new GuiPasswordText("Password").setText("N6$J#3ug");
//click to log in
new GuiButton("Sign In").click();
//check the successful message
GuiHtmlElement message = new
GuiHtmlElement(AccessibleRoleMaveryx.WEB_H1);
assertEquals("Welcome!", message.getText());

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GUI Testing
• GUI testing is the process of testing the visual elements
to verify that they meet the expected performance and
functionality.
• GUI testing evaluates design elements such as layout,
colors, fonts, font sizes, labels, text boxes, text
formatting, captions, buttons, lists, icons, links and more…
• GUI testing not only tests the user interface, but it also
allows end-to-end system testing.

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Example using Maveryx
//start browser
Bootstrap.startApplication("Chrome.xml");
//navigate to the web application
new GuiBrowser().navigateTo("https://localhost:8080/login");
//check the background color of the Sign-In button
assertEquals(Color.GREEN, new GuiButton("Sign
In").getBackground());
//check the placeholder property of the Username field
assertEquals("Username", new
GuiText("Username").getProperty("placeholder"));
//check the icon of the Username field
GuiImage("C:testuser-img.png", new GuiHtmlElement("user
icon")).waitForObject(3, 1);

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Compatibility testing
• Compatibility testing checks whether the web application is
compatible with a variety of web browsers, hardware
platforms, operating systems, database and networks.
• Compatibility-Cross browser testing is verifying that the
website works and displays correctly in each of the major web
browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, etc.
• Similarly, tests operating system compatibility must be
conducted on all available OSs including Windows, Linux or
Mac.

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Example using Maveryx
//run the test using Maveryx + Chrome
Bootstrap.startApplication("Chrome");
…
//run the test using Maveryx + Firefox
Bootstrap.startApplication("Firefox");
…
//run the test using Maveryx + Edge
Bootstrap.startApplication("Edge");
…

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Performance testing
• Performance testing is done to check whether and how
a web application works under various loads (increasing
number of concurrent users or transactions).
• Performance testing includes load testing and stress
testing which verifies how the application behaves
during normal and peak loads.
• Stress testing determines how the web application responds
to very high load
• Performance testing also tests for how the application
recovers from a breakdown due to heavy load.

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Example using JMeter
Performance testing needs automated tools. A performance testing tool simulates
a group of users (visitors to the web application) sending requests to the target
server. The server response data is gathered for analysis, and the results showing
the performance of the web application is displayed visually in the form of charts
and reports.

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Security Testing
• The aim of security testing is to uncover flaws, vulnerabilities
and threats in a web app, to determine whether the application
protects data and maintains functionality as intended also in
presence of malicious attacks
• Security testing deals with security aspects including
authentication (login) and access to secure web pages,
downloading files without authorization, session time out
management after long user inactivity and much more.
• The six basic security concepts that need to be covered by
security testing are: confidentiality, integrity, authentication,
availability, authorization and non-repudiation.

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Database Testing
• Database testing is a process of testing the structure
and the data stored in the database
• Database testing allows verifying data accessing, data
validity, data integrity, query retrieving, data insertion,
deletion and modifications, and more…
• Database testing involves checking procedures,
schema, tables, transaction or triggers

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Example using java.sql
// Database connection
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
Connection con =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost/mytestdata", "root",
"");
// Get the content of the userinfo table from DB
ResultSet res = con.createStatement().executeQuery("select * from
userdata");
// Check the result
while (res.next()) {
assertEquals("Maveryx", (res.getString(1)));
assertEquals("Test automation framework",
(res.getString(2)));
}
Database testing mainly consists
of constructing queries to check
different database operations,
structures, and attributes
required by the web application
the database is for

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Conclusion
• Complete testing of a web-based system before going live can help address issues
before the system is deployed to the public
• The aim of web testing is to find application failures due to
• running environment
• interaction between client and server
• frequent (daily) updates
• number of users
• dynamical nature
• complexity
• …
• Web testing is difficult and needs to have many testing types to be performed
including functionality, GUI, performance and security.