2. A.) WHEN DID SURVEYING FIRST START?
BY KNOW HISTORY – THE ART AND PRACTICE OF SURVEYING HAS BEEN AROUND FOR OVER
6000YEARS.
- SOME EVEN SAY UP TO 12,000 YEARS OLD!
- THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA (ALSO KNOWN AS THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU) IS
ESTIMATED TO HAVE BEEN BUILT BETWEEN 2700 B.C. AND 2560 B.C.
- SOME PERSPECTIVE- THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IS ALMOST 240 YEARS OLD.
- IT IS BELIEVED THAT UNDER THE ROMANS, SURVEYING FIRST BECAME A PROFESSION.
3. B.) FUNDAMENTAL TERMS OF SURVEYING
(OLD SCHOOL)
TRANSIT- AN INSTRUMENT USED TO TURN ANGLES FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER
CHAIN- A DEVICE USED TO MEASURE DISTANCE (80 CHAINS = 1MILE).
EDM- ELECTRONIC DISTANCE METER (USUALLY A LASER BEAM OR A SONAR ARRAY).
TRAVERSE- THE ACT OF CARRYING A GEOSPACIAL ASPECT FROM ON PLACE TO ANOTHER.
BENCH LOOP- THE ART OF TRANSFERING A KNOW ELEVATION FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER.
STATION- A FORM OF MEASURING TO REDUCE THE SIZE OF A NUMBER TO CORRELATE TO A PLACE.
USUALLY ON CONSTRUCTION PLANS.
CUT/FILL- CUT IS EQUAL TO REMOVE AND FILL IS EQUAL TO PLACE.
TRANSITION- A MOVEMENT FROM ONE POSITION OR STATE TO ANOTHER.
PROFILE- THE OUTLINE OF AN OBJECT ON A VERTICLE PLANE.
TYPICAL SECTION- A CONSISTANT REPRESAENTATION OF A CROSS SECTION.
PARALLEL- EXTENDING IN THE SAME DIRECTION EQUAL DISTANCE APART.
PERPENDICULAR- MEETING A GIVEN LINE AT A RIGHT ANGLE.
9. B.) FUNDAMENTAL TERMS OF SURVEYING
(OLD SCHOOL) (CONT.)
RADIAL- MADE IN THE DIRECTION OF THE RADIUS (LIKE SPOKES ON A WHEEL).
PARALLEL OFFSET- AN OFFSET SET A PARTICULAR DISTANCE FROM A LINE TO
RETAIN THE LOCATION ON THAT LINE.
PERPENDICULAR OFFSET- AN OFFSET PLACED AT A RIGHT ANGLE TO A LINE.
RADIAL OFFSET- AN OFFSET PLACED IN LINE WITH THE RADIUS AND THE
OBJECT BEING OFFSET.
10. C.) (21ST CENTURY TERMINOLOGY
GUN- A SURVEY INSTUMENT USED TO TURN ANGLES AND SHOOT
DISTANCES WITH AN EDM.
TAPE- A HAND HELD MEASURING DEVICE, METAL, PLASTIC, ON A REEL, OR IN
A BOX.
GPS- GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM- A SERIES OF SATALITES IN SPACE THAT
BROADCAST THE SAME TIME TO THE NANO SECOND. KNOWING THE SPEED
OF RADIO WAVES THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE A DISTANCE CAN BE
CALCULTATED BETWEEN EACH SATILITE. THROUGH TRIANGULATION A
POSITION IS ESTABLISHED. (GPS IS NOT A TRANSIT OR TOTAL STATION!)
CADD- COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING AND DESIGN.
.CSV- COMMA SEPARATED VALUE. IN SURVEYING, A COORDINATE IS
SOMETIMES REPRESENTED AS NORTHING, EASTING, ELEVATION,
DESCRIPTION.
.DWG- AN AUTOCADD EXTENTION REPRESENTING A DRAWING.
3D MODELING- A THREE DIMENSIONAL SHAPE REPRESENTING WHAT IS
DESIGNED.
DTM- A DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL. A 3D REPRESENTATION OF A SURFACE.
.TTM- A FILE EXTENSION USED BY TRIMBLE TO REPRESENT A DTM.
