EASE 2014 - Cochrane's translation strategy
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Cochrane’s Translation Strategy - Sustainable large-scale translation of Cochrane Reviews for local language users: finding an approach to support productivity and quality control Presented by Juliane Ried, Translations Co-ordinator, and Harriet MacLehose, Senior Editor, at the European Association of Scientific Editors (EASE) conference in Split in June 2014
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EASE 2014 - Cochrane's translation strategy
- 1. COCHRANE’S TRANSLATION STRATEGY Sustainable large-scale translation of Cochrane Reviews for local language users: finding an approach to support productivity and quality control EASE 2014, Split Juliane Ried & Harriet MacLehose Translations Co-ordinator & Senior Editor Cochrane
- 2. Overview 1- Introduction 2- Challenges 3- Key approaches
- 4. About The Cochrane Collaboration "It is surely a great criticism of our profession that we have not organised a critical summary, by specialty or subspecialty, adapted periodically, of all relevant randomised controlled trials.” Archie Cochrane, 1979 Photo: Cardiff University Library, Cochrane Archive, University Hospital Llandough Introduction
- 5. Introduction
- 6. 1993 77 people from 9 countries 2014 >30,000 people from >120 countries Cochrane Review Groups, Methods Groups, Consumers, Fields, Centres and Branches, Steering Group, Central Executive Team Introduction
- 7. GOAL 1: Producing evidence To produce high-quality, relevant, up-to-date systematic reviews and other synthesised research evidence to inform health decision making. GOAL 2: Making our evidence accessible To make Cochrane evidence accessible and useful to everybody, everywhere in the world. GOAL 3: Advocating for evidence To make Cochrane the ‘home of evidence’ to inform health decision making, build greater recognition of our work, and become the leading advocate for evidence-informed health care. GOAL 4: Building an effective & sustainable organisation To be a diverse, inclusive and transparent international organisation that effectively harnesses the enthusiasm and skills of our contributors, is guided by our principles, governed accountably, managed efficiently and makes optimal use of its resources. International Non-for-profit Independent Introduction
- 8. Cochrane Systematic Reviews A systematic review attempts to identify, appraise and synthesize all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a given research question. Researchers conducting systematic reviews use explicit methods aimed at minimizing bias, in order to produce more reliable findings that can be used to inform decision-making. Healthcare practitioners, policy-makers, patients and carers, researchers Introduction
- 9. Blue = Cochrane Reviews Red = Updated Cochrane Reviews Orange = Cochrane Protocols (prepared before starting a Cochrane Review) Introduction
- 10. Supported by 53 Cochrane Review Groups/ editorial teams Introduction
- 11. Structured articles Standards for methods and reporting Introduction
- 12. Structured articles Standards for methods and reporting Introduction
- 17. Why translations? Introduction 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13 Feb-13 Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Nov-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Monthly access to translations on our consumer portal, Cochrane Summaries French Spanish
- 18. Translation to date Introduction • Local and regional initiatives • Funded vs. volunteer projects • Different work flows • Professional translators vs. content experts
- 19. Cochrane’s Strategy to 2020 Introduction
- 20. 2- CHALLENGES
- 21. ¿Hablas Cochrane? Challenges French Japanese Spanish Indonesian Chinese (Trad.) Malay Portuguese Russian Tamil Thai Urdu Arabic Chinese (Simpl.) Croatian German? ? Korean Farsi
- 22. Reviews are long & specialised, and there are many • Limit to abstract & plain language summaries • Prioritise topics • Involve content experts Challenges
- 23. Our content changes all the time Challenges Blue = Reviews Red = Updates Orange = Protocols
- 24. What about quality? • Involve content experts • Establish a translation process with at least two independent steps (e.g. translation & post-editing) • Check translations against the original • Have a named person or team sign off on each translation • Develop glossaries for consistency of terms and phrases (methods & health) • Train translators and editors, and evaluate Challenges
- 25. Bringing order into the chaos & increasing capacity Central support and infrastructure for translation management and publication (in line with our editorial work flows) Challenges
- 26. Making our translations accessible Multi-language web presence & search Challenges
- 27. Sustainability Challenges Annual cost of Spanish and French projects: up to 500,000 Euros
- 29. How do we translate? Statistical machine translation • Software programmed and trained to translate Cochrane content • Making use of existing translations and other relevant corpora • Our specialised and repetitive content plays to our favour • Facilitates translation of updated Reviews Main approaches
- 30. Main approaches
- 31. How do we translate? Statistical machine translation • Software programmed and trained to translate Cochrane content • Making use of existing translations and other relevant corpora • Our specialised and repetitive content plays to our favour • Facilitates translation of updated Reviews But: We still need humans! Main approaches
- 32. How do we translate? Main approaches Crowdsourcing
- 33. How do we translate? Crowdsourcing – but what’s in it for the translators? • Participation in / contribution to Cochrane • Acknowledgement with published translations • Certificates • University credits • Investment return? Main approaches
- 34. Simplified and standardised content “Accessible language: We will simplify and standardise the language used across our content to improve readability and reduce ambiguity.” Why? • Make it easier to read • Make it easier to translate • Help train machine translation software (e.g. more times same phrase used = increased confidence in machine translation) Main approaches
- 35. Plain English Structured approach ASD Simplified Technical English Plain English Campaign GET-IT Translation glossaries Cochrane Style Guide Cochrane Plain Language Summary standards Cochrane structured sentences for standard reporting Main approaches
- 36. How will we measure success? • Guidelines have been developed for Cochrane Reviews of interventions, specifically for Plain Language Summaries, Abstracts, and Authors’ Conclusions • Reduction in time taken to translate Plain Language Summaries, Abstracts, and Authors’ Conclusions • Implementation and evaluation Main approaches
- 37. Cochrane’s translation strategy Sustainable approaches to translation Support & infrastructure to facilitate high quality translation and accessible publication
- 38. ¡Hablo Cochrane! French Japanese Spanish Indonesian Chinese (Trad.) Malay Portuguese Russian Tamil Thai Urdu Arabic Chinese (Simpl.)Croatian GermanKorean Farsi
- 39. Thank you! Cochrane’s translation strategy, Jan 2014 http://www.cochrane.org/community/development- projects/translation-strategy PLOS Medicine, Sept 2013
Editor's Notes
- http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane-reviews/cochrane-database-systematic-reviews-numbers
- Structured articles Different sections, inc ab and pls, dif audiences
- Structured articles Different sections, inc ab and pls, dif audiences
- Need for translation Cochrane is a global organisation, we have regional representatives and contributors in more than 120 countries. Our principles Limited by our lingua franca We actually know from our own experience that translations are used, when they are there
- Need for translation Cochrane is a global organisation, we have regional representatives and contributors in more than 120 countries. Our principles Limited by our lingua franca We actually know from our own experience that translations are used, when they are there
- Need for translation Cochrane is a global organisation, we have regional representatives and contributors in more than 120 countries. Our principles Limited by our lingua franca We actually know from our own experience that translations are used, when they are there
- Need for translation Cochrane is a global organisation, we have regional representatives and contributors in more than 120 countries. Our principles Limited by our lingua franca We actually know from our own experience that translations are used, when they are there
- Need for translation Cochrane is a global organisation, we have regional representatives and contributors in more than 120 countries. Our principles Limited by our lingua franca We actually know from our own experience that translations are used, when they are there
- We’re not starting from zero, we want to continue and accelerate translations, but in a more co-ordinated and strategic way. To support the translation initiatives that already exist, increase their capacity, and initiate additional projects
- Reality reflects regional representation and capacity, and interest in The Cochrane Library, and number of speakers
- As Harriet mentioned earlier, Cochrane Reviews are updated as new data become available This means there the amount of content to translate increases as need to translate (1) new reviews; and (2) updates of published reviews To aid translation, we need to let translators know (1) what to translate to avoid retranslating content and avoid duplication of effort [and (2) when it is important to revise a translation]
- How do we define high quality, and how can we ensure a certain quality across different language projects that apply different methods and have different resources available? Map out an editorial process for translations, develop tools and training
- reduce management effort, implement quality processes
- Proof of concept on consumer portal, Croatian vs. English of same site, this is what we’re aiming for
- Our organisational structure and principles play to our favour
- Our organisational structure and principles play to our favour
- Simplified Technical English: set of writing rules and a dictionary of controlled vocabulary
- Acknowledge translation projects and translation strategy group