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Senter for beredskap og
integrert
krisehåndtering
Hva er Integrert krisehåndtering?
Krisehåndtering er innsatser rettet mot negative hendelser som truer vår
velferd
Kriser kan oppstå ved:
 Ulykker
 Havarier
 Naturkatastrofer
 Tilsiktede angrep
 sammenbrudd av infrastruktur og vitale forsyningssystemer
Krisers natur følger ikke sosiale struktur eller organisatoriske, regionale
og nasjonale grenser
For å kunne håndtere kriser er det behov for tverrsektoriell samvirke
Om Senter for beredskap og integrert
krisehåndtering
Senteret er nytt og har et fokus på samhandling i
en beredskapskontekst.
Formålet til senteret er å aktualisere aktuelle
problemstillinger, samt skape nettverk mellom:
regionale og nasjonale aktører
offentlige og kommersielle virksomheter
frivillige/ humanitære organisasjoner og offentlige
myndigheter
fagmiljøer på HSN og interessenter fra andre universitet
og høgskoler
Ambisjon
Å inspirere til forskning og utvikling innen
krisehåndterings- og beredskapsfeltet
identifisere forskningsområder
knytte sammen praktikere og forskere i prosjekter som skal
gi nytteverdi og utvikle samvirkeøvelser i ulike
krisekontekster
vektlegge evidensskapende forskning knyttet til
krisehåndtering og øvelser
støtte utdanning på bachelor-, master- og doktorgradsnivå
Sentret bygger på frivillighet, tverrfaglighet
og utvikling!
Program fram til 13:00
Gjesteforeleser: Professor Glenn-Egil Torgersen, FHS
Kriseberedskap og «Det ukjente» (DU)
Jarle Løwe Sørensen – Høgskolelektor og stipendiat, HSN
Emergency Management and Interaction during Crises – in Maritime Context. Presentasjon av forskning ved HSN
Eric Carlström – Professor II - Health and Crisis management, HSN
“Samvirke mellom kriseorganisasjoner i krise og ved øvelser”
Leif Inge Magnussen – Førsteamanuensis innen ledelse og organisasjonsfag og førsteamanuensis
II ved Hærens Krigsskole
Diskusjon på tema: Hvordan kan samhandling styrkes under beredskap og ved kriser?
Avslutning og Lunsj
Sorbmegaisa
Accident 19.03.12
Report by
Leif Inge Magnussen/President
The Norwegian Mountain Guides
Norske Tindevegledere
Leif.Magnussen@hbv.no
Sorbmegaisa
Alternative descent 1:
A steeper alternative is to
ski down the bowl
between the two ascent
alternatives. It gives great
options in choosing
steeper descent
alternatives. But be
aware, the angle
(inclination) is sufficient
to create avalanches.
(Kolderup et al., 2011,
Toppturer i Norge)
The Accident
• A group of twelve
people, ten guests, two
mountain guides
• Six persons buried by the
avalanche
• One person survived
(partly buried – to the
neck)
• Five persons deceased,
including a mountain
guide
ENORMT SNØSKRED: Seks personer i turfølget ble tatt av snøskredet mandag
ettermiddag. Kun én overlevde. Foto: Jan Arild Hansen / Framtid i Nord
Photo: www.vg.no
Chronology
• 14.30: Avalanche was reported to the
police
• 15.00: Organized rescue is at site
• 15.20: Group with three other Mountain
Guides arrives and starts digging, several
victims were buried at a depth of 5-6
meters.
• 16.00: Shouting from surviving skier are
heard
• 18.30: All casualties are dug out
• 21.00: All rescue personnel (a total of 220
pax, 50 persons in the avalanche area)
are out of the area and their mission
ended
Photo: www.vg.no
«Samvirkeprinsippet
Myndigheter, virksomheter og etater har et
selvstendig ansvar for å sikre et best mulig samvirke
med relevante aktører og virksomheter i arbeidet
med forebygging, beredskap og krisehåndtering.»
Hva skal «vi» forske på og hva kan «vi» samarbeide
om?
- Hvorfor virker samvirket godt i Vestfold?
- Øvelser (Effekter?, evaluering, læring)
- Sammenhenger mellom beredskap og
krisehåndtering – Operasjonalisering av DU
- Språket vi bruker under samvirke? DARF, PBHB
- Hva fungerer – hva skal vi gjøre mer av og hva skal
vi gjøre mindre av?
- Samsvar i planverk, plananalyser
- Forskningssøknader
- Osv
Neste seminar – 22. September
Ny forskning og erfaring i beredskapsfeltet
• Oppfølging av sårbarhetsutvalget – Hva er status?
• Mass gatherings, - erfaringer med implikasjoner for beredskap og
trening
• Fenomenet skolemassakre - belyst med aktuelt case fra Sverige
• Beslutningsprosesser ved ulykker langs kysten – AMK som case
• Behov for mer forskning? – Diskusjon
OverviewThe avalanche scale/forecast used as an illustration is an example from April (source: www.vg.no)
Preliminary NGI report
There will be an English version available soon
at source: www.snoskred.no
Avalanche area inspected on
Wednesday 21.03.12, report by
Brattlien and Sandersen;
Norwegian Geotechnical Institute
(NGI)
Inclination at photo: 36 degrees
Firstly the area of the victimised was mapped. The six persons taken by the
avalanche were found spread over 530 meters (between the upper and lower
person found in the avalanche). The slide area was between 50 and two hundred
meters wide.
Preliminary NGI report
• Observations indicates that the 4 persons buried in the bottom of the avalanche
were buried at depths of 3-6 meters. The two persons higher up in the
mountainside were not buried that deep, one of them to the neck.
• The avalanche continued ahead of the area of the victims and down to a lake,
where it broke the ice and slush continued further.
• The avalanche halted at an altitude of approximately 600 meters, vertical fall of
avalanche was 570 meters, slide inclination from top down 21,6 degrees. The
avalanche runout was about two kilometers.
• Near the top, the shear (bruddkant) was up to two meters high, at an angle of 36
degrees.
• Avalanche was triggered by a weak and very loose layer of faceted crystals
(begerkrystaller) that probably collapsed. This layer was about 5 cm thick and was
found between two layers of ice crust (skarelag).
Preliminary NGI report
• Skiing tracks from the group were traversing towards [climbers] left, just
above the 2 m high shear. Tracks went onwards for 200 meters. At this
point the fracture line was only 10 cm thick, increasing fast to 1,5 meters,
and at an angel of 32 degrees
• The shear «spread» [bruddforplantningen] may have started here and
resulted in an avalanche spread 200-400 meters on both sides at the same
height
• It is approximately 20 different fracture lines that is not connected along
the side of the mountain. The shear spread contributed to the extent of the
avalanche
• It is assumed that the people involved in the avalanche where distributed
along the face when the avalanche started. One of the victims utilized ABS,
and was found at 6 meters, second from the bottom of the avalanche
Videos from inspection by NGI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DZPTVsxhgk&list=UUMy9SdaGsyY-
bvo5LudBR0w&index=1&feature=plpp_video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BTS8X0-F_o&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CYPiYZfrCd4&feature=relmfu
Some comments/evaluation from Brattlien
NGI (unofficial statements, e-mail)
• I have tried to figure out where the different skiers were when the avalanche
started. I have no clear answers. I assume that some were further down the slope
than others. Maybe the guide and one of the guests were halfway down when
the avalanche started???
I do not know whether the skiers at the bottom or at the top triggered the
avalanche.
A short summary of the factors that caused the accident:
- Avalanche risk was too high to ski in such a steep terrain
- The terrain formed a terrain trap, with fatal consquences of an avalanche
• «Pattern of descent» made 6 persons exposed at the same time
• The last 6 persons were also going into the same area, had they skied one minute
before more people would have been caught by the avalanche
• I am puzzled by the decisions and choices made by the guides

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Hva er integrert krisehåndtering?

  • 1. Senter for beredskap og integrert krisehåndtering
  • 2. Hva er Integrert krisehåndtering? Krisehåndtering er innsatser rettet mot negative hendelser som truer vår velferd Kriser kan oppstå ved:  Ulykker  Havarier  Naturkatastrofer  Tilsiktede angrep  sammenbrudd av infrastruktur og vitale forsyningssystemer Krisers natur følger ikke sosiale struktur eller organisatoriske, regionale og nasjonale grenser For å kunne håndtere kriser er det behov for tverrsektoriell samvirke
  • 3. Om Senter for beredskap og integrert krisehåndtering Senteret er nytt og har et fokus på samhandling i en beredskapskontekst. Formålet til senteret er å aktualisere aktuelle problemstillinger, samt skape nettverk mellom: regionale og nasjonale aktører offentlige og kommersielle virksomheter frivillige/ humanitære organisasjoner og offentlige myndigheter fagmiljøer på HSN og interessenter fra andre universitet og høgskoler
  • 4. Ambisjon Å inspirere til forskning og utvikling innen krisehåndterings- og beredskapsfeltet identifisere forskningsområder knytte sammen praktikere og forskere i prosjekter som skal gi nytteverdi og utvikle samvirkeøvelser i ulike krisekontekster vektlegge evidensskapende forskning knyttet til krisehåndtering og øvelser støtte utdanning på bachelor-, master- og doktorgradsnivå Sentret bygger på frivillighet, tverrfaglighet og utvikling!
  • 5. Program fram til 13:00 Gjesteforeleser: Professor Glenn-Egil Torgersen, FHS Kriseberedskap og «Det ukjente» (DU) Jarle Løwe Sørensen – Høgskolelektor og stipendiat, HSN Emergency Management and Interaction during Crises – in Maritime Context. Presentasjon av forskning ved HSN Eric Carlström – Professor II - Health and Crisis management, HSN “Samvirke mellom kriseorganisasjoner i krise og ved øvelser” Leif Inge Magnussen – Førsteamanuensis innen ledelse og organisasjonsfag og førsteamanuensis II ved Hærens Krigsskole Diskusjon på tema: Hvordan kan samhandling styrkes under beredskap og ved kriser? Avslutning og Lunsj
  • 6. Sorbmegaisa Accident 19.03.12 Report by Leif Inge Magnussen/President The Norwegian Mountain Guides Norske Tindevegledere Leif.Magnussen@hbv.no
  • 7. Sorbmegaisa Alternative descent 1: A steeper alternative is to ski down the bowl between the two ascent alternatives. It gives great options in choosing steeper descent alternatives. But be aware, the angle (inclination) is sufficient to create avalanches. (Kolderup et al., 2011, Toppturer i Norge)
  • 8. The Accident • A group of twelve people, ten guests, two mountain guides • Six persons buried by the avalanche • One person survived (partly buried – to the neck) • Five persons deceased, including a mountain guide ENORMT SNØSKRED: Seks personer i turfølget ble tatt av snøskredet mandag ettermiddag. Kun én overlevde. Foto: Jan Arild Hansen / Framtid i Nord Photo: www.vg.no
  • 9. Chronology • 14.30: Avalanche was reported to the police • 15.00: Organized rescue is at site • 15.20: Group with three other Mountain Guides arrives and starts digging, several victims were buried at a depth of 5-6 meters. • 16.00: Shouting from surviving skier are heard • 18.30: All casualties are dug out • 21.00: All rescue personnel (a total of 220 pax, 50 persons in the avalanche area) are out of the area and their mission ended Photo: www.vg.no
  • 10. «Samvirkeprinsippet Myndigheter, virksomheter og etater har et selvstendig ansvar for å sikre et best mulig samvirke med relevante aktører og virksomheter i arbeidet med forebygging, beredskap og krisehåndtering.» Hva skal «vi» forske på og hva kan «vi» samarbeide om? - Hvorfor virker samvirket godt i Vestfold? - Øvelser (Effekter?, evaluering, læring) - Sammenhenger mellom beredskap og krisehåndtering – Operasjonalisering av DU - Språket vi bruker under samvirke? DARF, PBHB - Hva fungerer – hva skal vi gjøre mer av og hva skal vi gjøre mindre av? - Samsvar i planverk, plananalyser - Forskningssøknader - Osv
  • 11. Neste seminar – 22. September Ny forskning og erfaring i beredskapsfeltet • Oppfølging av sårbarhetsutvalget – Hva er status? • Mass gatherings, - erfaringer med implikasjoner for beredskap og trening • Fenomenet skolemassakre - belyst med aktuelt case fra Sverige • Beslutningsprosesser ved ulykker langs kysten – AMK som case • Behov for mer forskning? – Diskusjon
  • 12. OverviewThe avalanche scale/forecast used as an illustration is an example from April (source: www.vg.no)
  • 13. Preliminary NGI report There will be an English version available soon at source: www.snoskred.no Avalanche area inspected on Wednesday 21.03.12, report by Brattlien and Sandersen; Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) Inclination at photo: 36 degrees Firstly the area of the victimised was mapped. The six persons taken by the avalanche were found spread over 530 meters (between the upper and lower person found in the avalanche). The slide area was between 50 and two hundred meters wide.
  • 14. Preliminary NGI report • Observations indicates that the 4 persons buried in the bottom of the avalanche were buried at depths of 3-6 meters. The two persons higher up in the mountainside were not buried that deep, one of them to the neck. • The avalanche continued ahead of the area of the victims and down to a lake, where it broke the ice and slush continued further. • The avalanche halted at an altitude of approximately 600 meters, vertical fall of avalanche was 570 meters, slide inclination from top down 21,6 degrees. The avalanche runout was about two kilometers. • Near the top, the shear (bruddkant) was up to two meters high, at an angle of 36 degrees. • Avalanche was triggered by a weak and very loose layer of faceted crystals (begerkrystaller) that probably collapsed. This layer was about 5 cm thick and was found between two layers of ice crust (skarelag).
  • 15. Preliminary NGI report • Skiing tracks from the group were traversing towards [climbers] left, just above the 2 m high shear. Tracks went onwards for 200 meters. At this point the fracture line was only 10 cm thick, increasing fast to 1,5 meters, and at an angel of 32 degrees • The shear «spread» [bruddforplantningen] may have started here and resulted in an avalanche spread 200-400 meters on both sides at the same height • It is approximately 20 different fracture lines that is not connected along the side of the mountain. The shear spread contributed to the extent of the avalanche • It is assumed that the people involved in the avalanche where distributed along the face when the avalanche started. One of the victims utilized ABS, and was found at 6 meters, second from the bottom of the avalanche
  • 16. Videos from inspection by NGI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DZPTVsxhgk&list=UUMy9SdaGsyY- bvo5LudBR0w&index=1&feature=plpp_video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BTS8X0-F_o&feature=relmfu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CYPiYZfrCd4&feature=relmfu
  • 17. Some comments/evaluation from Brattlien NGI (unofficial statements, e-mail) • I have tried to figure out where the different skiers were when the avalanche started. I have no clear answers. I assume that some were further down the slope than others. Maybe the guide and one of the guests were halfway down when the avalanche started??? I do not know whether the skiers at the bottom or at the top triggered the avalanche. A short summary of the factors that caused the accident: - Avalanche risk was too high to ski in such a steep terrain - The terrain formed a terrain trap, with fatal consquences of an avalanche • «Pattern of descent» made 6 persons exposed at the same time • The last 6 persons were also going into the same area, had they skied one minute before more people would have been caught by the avalanche • I am puzzled by the decisions and choices made by the guides