"A study of customer satisfaction from various DTH service providers in india".

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PROJECT REPORT
A
STUDY
OF
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
FROM VARIOUS
DTH SERVICE PROVIDERS
IN INDIA
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (B.B.A.)
BATCH (2009-2012)
TO
PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGARH
SUPERVISED BY:
SUBMITTED BY:
Prof. NAME
YOUR NAME
PUPIN NO. 00000000000
XYZ COLLEGE,

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CITY NAME - PINCODE
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
This is to certify that the project entitled “A STUDY OF CUSTOMER
SATISFACTION FROM VARIOUS DTH SERVICE PROVIDERS IN INDIA”
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Business Administration from Department of Management, XYZ
College is a bonafide research work carried out by Gurpreet Kaur under my
guidance and no part of this study has been submitted earlier to any university for
the award of any degree or diploma.
Dated:
Principal Project Guide
Dr. Name Prof. Priyanka Verma

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I feel immense pleasure to express my sincere gratitude and respect to my
revered guide Prof. Priyanka Verma for their guidance, helpfulness and
intelligent supervision, without her constant encouragement, generosity and
valuable critical comments, the work would not have reached its present form. I
would also like to express my thanks to my other teachers who inspired me to put
in my best efforts for the Research/Project report.
I am also grateful to all the respondents who spent their valuable time filling
the questionnaires and to those friends and relatives who helped me at every
step in completing my project.
It would be incomplete without expressing wholehearted thanks to my
family members who have been the constant resource of encouragement and
support throughout this project.
Above all it is the grace of God, which has led and guided me all the way in
my life to make this work a fruitful one.
I am pleased to say that the whole report is just the presentation of the
facts that have been found during the project through different sources. I hope
that I have manifested my sincere attempts to represent all the information and
other things to the best of ability.
Gurpreet Kaur
B.B.A. 3rd
year

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PUPIN No. 00000000000
PREFACE
This project report pertains to the making of a Final Project Report of
B.B.A. curriculum.
The purpose of this project is to make the students to have thorough
knowledge of the topics given to them. I learned a lot from the hard work I put in
to collect information regarding the same, which would be of great use in my near
future as a professional.
Justification cannot be done to whatever I have learnt within a few pages
but I have still tried my best to cover as much as possible about “A STUDY OF
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION FROM VARIOUS DTH SERVICE PROVIDERS” in
this report.
Being the students of B.B.A., we must be aware of various aspects related
to the customers. So I have made an effort to study the satisfaction of customers
from various DTH service providers.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
NO.
TITLE PAGE NO.
1 Meaning of DTH 6-8
1.1 Overview of DTH Industry in India 9-12
1.2 Introduction to various DTH service providers 13-59
2 Review of Literature 60-63
2.1 Government Policies 64-67
3 Objectives of the Study 68-69
4 Research Methodology 70-72
5 Data Analysis & Interpretation 73-88
6 Findings of the Study 89-91
7 Limitations of the Study 92-93
8 Suggestions & Recommendations 94-96
9 Conclusion 97-98
Annexure 99-102
Bibliography 103-104

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MEANING OF DTH
The word DTH stands for “Direct- to- Home”. DTH is defined as the
reception of satellite programmes with a personal dish located at the subscriber’s
home.
DTH or Direct-to-Home is essentially a content delivery system. It allows
the satellite transmission of the broadcaster’s content directly into small receiving
dish antennas located at the subscriber’s home. The transmission is usually done
in Ku-band (14/12 GHz) to receiving dishes that can be as small as 45 cm.
WORKING OF DTH
The following diagram shows the process of transmission of programmes’
signals from broadcasting centre to the subscriber’s DTH dish antenna.

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A DTH network consists of a broadcasting centre, satellites, encoders,
multiplexers, modulators and DTH receivers.
A DTH service provider has to lease Ku-band transponders from the
satellite. The encoder converts the audio, video and data signals into the digital
format and the multiplexer mixes these signals. At the user end, there will be a
small dish antenna and set-top boxes to decode and view numerous channels.
On the user's end, receiving dishes can be as small as 45 cm in diameter.
DTH is an encrypted transmission that travels to the consumer directly
through a satellite. DTH transmission is received directly by the consumer at his
end through the small dish antenna. A set-top box, unlike the regular cable
connection, decodes the encrypted transmission.

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CHAPTER 1.1
OVERVIEW
OF
DTH INDUSTRY
IN

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INDIA
OVERVIEW OF DTH INDUSTRY IN INDIA
DTH services were first proposed in India in 1996. But they did not pass
approval because there were concerns over national security and a cultural
invasion. In 1997, the government even imposed a ban when Rupert Murdoch
owned Indian Sky Broadcasting (ISkyB) was about to launch its DTH services in
India. Finally in 2000, DTH was allowed. The new policy required all operators to
set up earth stations in India within 12 months of getting a license. DTH licenses
in India cost $2.14 million and will be valid for 10 years. The companies offering
DTH service will have to have an Indian chief and foreign equity has been
capped at 49 per cent. Today, broadcasters believe that the market is ripe for
DTH. The prices of the dish and the set- top box have come down significantly.
Overall investments required in putting up a DTH infrastructure have dropped and
customers are also reaping the benefits of more attractive tariffs. The major thing
that DTH operators are betting on is that the
service is coming at a time when the government is pushing for CAS (conditional
access system), which will make cable television more expensive, narrowing the

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tariff gap between DTH and cable. Some of the features of DTH service are as
following:
• DTH offers better quality picture than Cable TV.
• DTH can reach remote areas where terrestrial transmission and cable TV have
failed to penetrate.
• DTH has also allows for interactive TV services such as movie-on-demand,
Internet access, video conferencing and e-mail.
India currently has 7 major DTH service providers and a total of over 35
million subscriber households.
• Dish TV
• Tata Sky
• Airtel Digital TV
• Reliance Digital TV
• Sun Direct
• Videocon D2H
• DD Direct +
Out of these Dish TV is the main market holder. Dish TV is India’s first
private Indian company to start Direct to Home (DTH) satellite broadcast
operations in the country. Dish TV’s DTH services was hard launched in May
2005. It provides multi-channel subscription television service and interactive
services. Its state of the art broadcasting infrastructure is located at its facility in
Noida, near Delhi, which is the nerve centre of DTH operations. Dish TV has
robust operating infrastructure, strong content tie-up, established brand salience
and backing of a strong group. ASC Enterprises Limited, now renamed Dish TV
India Limited acquired the first private sector license to operate DTH services in
India.

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In the year 2004, Tata Sky was incorporated but was launched
only in 2006. Tata Sky is a joint venture between the TATA Group and STAR.
Tata Sky satellite television service was launched on 8th August, 2006. It’s the
second DTH Company launched in India. In Tata sky, TATA holds 80% stake,
STAR holds 20% stake. In 2008, Singapore-based Temasek Holdings picked up
10% stake in Tata Sky from the Tata Group. This has diluted Tata's stake in the
venture to 70%. Tata sky uses the brand of British Sky Broadcasting
Group. It currently offers close to 196 channels and some interactive ones; this
count includes some numbers of HD channels offered by Tata Sky (as Tata Sky -
HD) and interactive services also.
Spotting the opportunity, Sun Direct launched its services in 2007 with a
drastically low onetime cost involved for DTH subscriber. Followed by this
Reliance Digital TV, Airtel Digital TV and Videocon D2H launched their
services. The market became competitive. Every player came with innovative
offerings, Dish TV offered Movie on Demand free worth the cost of set top box,
Airtel and Reliance Digital TV offered free subscription for first few months etc. All
these things were coupled with aggressive marketing campaigns.
Categorization of DTH players in industry:
Public players: DD Direct +, Dish TV.
Private players: Sun Direct, Tata Sky, Reliance, Airtel, Videocon D2H.
Today the market shares of various pay DTH players are as follows:
 Dish TV : 31%
 Sun Direct : 16%
 Tata Sky : 19%
 Reliance : 9%
 Airtel : 17%
 D2H : 8%
8%
Market Share
Dish TV Sun direct Tata sky Reliance Airtel videocon

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CHAPTER-1.2
INTRODUCTION TO VARIOUS
SERVICE PROVIDERS

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DISH TV
Dish TV is the first private DTH satellite television provider in India,
using MPEG-2 digital compression technology, transmitting using NSS Satellite
at 95.0. Dish TV's managing director and Head of Business is Jawahar
Goel who is also the promoter of Essel Group and is also the President of
Indian Broadcasting Foundation and Mr. Subhash Chandra is the Chairman
of Dish TV. Dish TV is a division of Zee Network Enterprise (Essel Group
Venture). EGV has national and global presence with business interests in
media programming, broadcasting and distribution, specialty packaging and

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entertainment. Zee Network incorporated dish TV to modernize TV viewing.
By digitalizing Indian entertainment, this enterprise brought best television
viewing technology to the living room. It not only transmits high quality
programmes through satellite; but also gives a complete control of selecting
channels and paying.
DTH service was launched back in 2004 by launching of Dish TV by
Essel Group's Enterprises. Dish TV is on the same satellite where DD Direct+ is.
Dish TV started its service in Pakistan with the collaboration of Budget
Communication. Dish TV was only DTH operator in India to carry the two
Turner channels, Turner Classic Movies and Boomerang. Both the channels
were removed from the platform due to unknown reasons in March 2009. Dish
TV uses NSS-6 to broadcast its programmes. NSS-6 was launched on 17
December, 2002 by European-based satellite provider, New Skies. Dish TV
hopped on to NSS-6 from an INSAT satellite in July 2004. The change in the
satellite was to increase the channel offering as NSS 6 offered more transponder
capacity.
Dish TV recently launched its high definition service called Dish truHD. Its
major competitors are SUN Direct HD, Tata Sky HD, Airtel Digital TV HD and the
Reliance Digital TV. It supports 1080i HD quality. Currently there are 43 HD
Services and DISHTV plans to give more HD content to its customers.
SLOGAN OF DISH TV: "Ghar Aayi Zindagi" (bring home life). After some
time, they started using “Wish Karo Dish Karo”. Now-a-days they are using
“Sab Par Dish Sawaar Hai”.

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BRAND AMBASSADOR OF DISH TV: Dish TV’s brand ambassador is
Shahrukh Khan. Dish TV had roped in Shahrukh Khan as their brand
ambassador in 2007 and have extended their contract again. They still continue
to count on the star power of Shahrukh Khan.

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“Shahrukh Khan in Dish TV’s advertisements”
FEATURES OF DISH TV
Some of the features of Dish TV are given as:
 Dish TV’s satellite being located very near to DD Direct Plus’s satellite, all
Dish TV users enjoy the complete channels offering of DD Direct Plus as
well. So any new channels which are added in DD direct Plus automatically
gets added to Dish TV channel offering.
 Dish TV has an edge over its competitors in that it has 14 transponders
(transmission hardware) – other competitors have about seven to eight only
– which give it the capability to carry more channels.
 The software of Dish TV STBs is stable at the moment. This makes the
switching speed between channels pretty fast.
 Dish TV also has a feature known as Electronic Program Guide.
 Dish TV is using MPEG-2 technology.
 Dish TV also has a feature known as Parental lock. By using this feature
one can lock an objectionable channel through PIN code.

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SERVICES PROVIDED BY DISH TV
 DTH Portability Service: Dish TV is the first DTH Company in India which
is providing DTH Portability Service. It means that users of other DTH
service can switch to Dish TV without purchasing a new set top box. This
service is just like mobile portability service where customers can switch to
other network company without buying a new SIM card.
 DTH on Wheels: Dish TV also provides mobile satellite TV on vehicles,
trains and aircrafts. It means that you can enjoy Dish TV while travelling.
 Interactive Services: Dish TV also provides various interactive services.
These services include;
 Movie on Demand
 Active Games
 News Active
 Bhakti Active
 Astro Active
 ICICI Active
 Sports Active
 Multilingual Services
 Jobs Active
 Cinema Active
 Shaadi Active
 Economical add-on Packs: Dish TV provides very economical add-on
packs to its customers. The lowest price of add-on packs starts from Rs.6.
 Recharge Options: Dish TV provides various DTH recharge options. You
can recharge from Dish TV dealers, using international credit card,
recharge online and you can also recharge from your home via credit card,
mobile, Vodafone M-shop etc.

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COMPLAINTS OF CUSTOMERS ABOUT DISH TV
There are certain problems faced by Dish TV customers. These are;
(1) One of the biggest problems of Dish TV is its Customer Care and Customer
Service which is definitely not upto the mark. The Customer Care executives lack
professionalism in their attitude and after-sales services in certain areas are
allegedly poor.
(2) Another serious issue is its audio and video quality. Quality on several (but
not all) channels on Dish is not upto the mark. Too much of pixilation is seen on
some channels and the audio standard is of course not of true CD quality.
(3) Dish TV misses out on few important channel packages which includes the
Neo bouquet and the UTV group of channels. Due to this exclusive cricket
matches and world TV premier of latest movies on these channels are missed by
the Dish TV users.
(4) New channel addition process is extremely slow when it comes to Dish TV. It
takes a huge amount of time for Dish TV to enhance its bouquet offerings.
(5) The time taken for activation of packages after renewal is too long sometimes.
Users had to wait for as long as 5-6 days for activation even after making
payments on time.
(6) Official website is not updated regularly. Official weblog which was meant for
the interaction of Dish TV users too does not work till date.

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SNAPSHOTS
Dish TV India Limited
Type Public (BSE: 532839)
Industry Satellite television
Founded 2004
Headquarters Noida, India
Area served India, Sri Lanka,
Pakistan, Afghanistan,
Nepal
Key people R. C. Venkateish, (CEO)
Products Direct broadcast
satellite, Pay
television, Pay-per-view
Parent Zee Network
Enterprise(owned
by Essel Group)
Subsidiaries Management Services
Limited (ISMSL), Agrani
Satellite Services Limited
(ASSL) and Agrani
Convergence Limited
(ACL)

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TATA SKY
Tata Sky was incorporated in 2004 but was launched only in 2006.
Tata Sky is a joint venture between the Tata Group, that owns 80% and STAR
Group that owns a 20% stake. The company uses the Sky brand owned
by British Sky Broadcasting. In 2008, Singapore-based Temasek Holdings picked
up 10% stake in Tata Sky from the Tata Group. This has diluted Tata's stake in
the venture to 70%.
It currently offers close to 196 channels (as of December 2010) and some
interactive ones; this count includes some numbers of HD channels offered by
Tata Sky (as Tata Sky-HD) and interactive services also.
In March 2010, Sun Microsystems partnered with Tata Sky to provide IT
Infrastructure solutions and support for the launch of the company's direct-to-
home (DTH) television.
In October 2008, Tata Sky announced launching of DVR service Tata
Sky+ which allowed 90 hours of recording in a MPEG-4 compatible Set Top Box.
The remote is provided with playback control keys and is being sold with special
offers for existing subscribers. After 2011, TATA Sky+ started selling only HD
Version of TATA Sky+ known as TATA Sky+ HD.
In March 2009, Tata Sky became the first Indian direct-to-home (DTH)
service provider to be awarded the ISO 27001:2005 accreditation, the
benchmark for information security. ISO 27001:2005 is an international standard
that provides specifications and guidance for the establishment and proper
maintenance of an Information Security Management System (ISMS). The
assessment for the certification was conducted by Intertek Systems Certification,
the management systems business unit of Intertek Group. This certification
confirms that every transaction carried out through Tata Sky’s IT systems is
highly secure.

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Tata Sky was selected as a SUPER BRAND for the year 2009-2010 by an
independent and voluntary council of experts known as Superbrands Council. It is
the only Indian DTH to have won this distinction.
In October 2011, Tata Sky removed most of the Malayalam Channels from
its list. Even customers who subscribed to their South Jumbo Package are
provided only channels from Sungroup (Surya and Kiran) and Asianet (Asianet
and Asianet News). Channels dropped are Kairali TV, Amritha TV and DD4
Malayalam. Many subscribers have made complaint to TRAI alleging it to the
racial discrimination by Tata Sky towards one language.
Products of Tata Sky: Tata Sky produces products like; Tata Sky satellite
television, Tata Sky+, Tata Sky HD, Tata Sky+ HD.
SLOGAN OF TATA SKY: “Isko laga dala toh life jhingalala”
BRAND AMBASSADOR OF TATA SKY: Brand ambassador of Tata Sky is
Aamir Khan. He is doing many promotional campaigns for the company.
“Aamir Khan in different advertisements of Tata Sky”

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FEATURES OF TATA SKY
 Reminder: This feature allows you to set a reminder for your favourite
programmes up to 4 days in advance, ensuring you never miss a beat of
your favourite show again.
 Favourites: You can set up to 20 channels in the order of your preference
as a part of your favourites list.
 Search & Scan Banner: This feature allows you to find out what’s playing
on another channel without changing the channel you are watching.
The banner appears at the base of the television screen without interfering
with what you are watching and disappears automatically after giving you
the schedule of programmes across all channels.
 Amazing Picture and Sound Quality: With the help of Tata Sky + HD,
you can enjoy amazing HD picture quality and Dolby digital plus 7.1
surround sound.
 Recorder: You can also record your favourite programmes with Tata Sky +
recorder or Tata Sky + HD recorder and watch, pause and rewind live TV.
 Picture in picture: Ability to watch four news channels simultaneously on
one screen.
 It also has parental control feature.
SERVICES PROVIDED BY TATA SKY
Tata sky always tries to provide the best services to its customers that are not
provided by other DTH service providers to their customers. Some of the services
provided by Tata Sky are as:
(1) Make my Pack: In 2010, Tata Sky launched India's first à la carte service that
enables subscribers to either create their own pack with only individual channels,
or do a mix-n-match of the existing TruChoice packs with stand-alone channels.

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(2) Interactive Services: Tata Sky provides following interactive services:
 Active English: This service will help housewives improve their English
conversational skills, vocabulary and pronunciation from the comfort of their
homes.
 Active Mall: Now you can buy electronic goods, household goods and
even mobile ringtones and wallpapers at the press of button with the help
of active mall.
 Active Wiz kids: Designed specifically for preschoolers. Active Wiz
kids is a television based service that aims to continue a child’s learning
process at home through a host of fun learning games, rhymes and art &
craft activities.
 Active Stories: A television based story book that children can read and listen.
The service features new stories in English and Hindi everyday from the
likes of Panchatantra, Jataka Tales and Hitopadesh. You will now be able
to listen to your favourite stories in six languages - English, Hindi, Tamil,
Telugu, Bengali and Marathi
 Active Learning: Active Learning powered by Encyclopedia
Britannica is a quiz based service aimed at improving the general
knowledge of children in the age group of 7-12 years.
 Active Matrimony: Find matrimonial at a press of button.
 Active Cooking: On Active Cooking you can get your favourite recipe
when you want at the press of a button. The service features 9 new and
easy-to-cook recipes daily, from master chefs across the country including
Sanjeev Kapoor. Also, get a new handy kitchen tip every day.
 Active Darshan: With the help of active darshan you can listen prayers
and visit temples of shirdi Saibaba, Siddhi Vinayak etc.
 Active Games: On active games there are lot many options of
games to choose from.
 Active Doordarshan: DD Gujarati/ DD Saptagiri/ DD Punjabi/ DD Kashmir

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 Active Star News: Control how and when you want to watch the news. Go directly
to: headlines, top stories, features.
(3) Multilingual Customer Care Service: Tata Sky’s 24x7 call centres are
staffed with associates who are trained to answer all your queries in 11
languages.
COMPLAINTS OF THE CUSTOMERS ABOUT TATA SKY
(1) Tata Sky has too many Add-on packs. Several add-on packs need to be
subscribed to for enjoying all the channels, even after going with the highest
pack. This makes the over-all package too costly.
(2) The channel strength of Tata Sky is less compared to other DTH operators.
This is because of the less no of Transponders purchased by them.
(3) Some channels don’t have good reception.
(4) Remote is not of good quality.
(5) Hidden charges for free to air channels.
(6) Packages are not so good and attractive.

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SNAPSHOTS
TATA Sky
Type Joint venture
Founded 2004
Headquarters Mumbai, India
Area served India
Key people Harit Nagpal (MD & CEO)
satellite, Pay
Parent Tata Group
STAR Group

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AIRTEL DIGITAL TV
Airtel Digital TV is a DTH (Direct to Home) service from Bharti Airtel. It uses
MPEG-4 digital compression with DVB-S2 technology, transmitting using INSAT
4CR 74°E. Airtel digital launched on 8 October, 2008 with a 360 degree mega
campaign ‘Come Home to the Magic’. Since then it has launched 2 other
campaigns: ‘Stars come home’ (March 2009) and ‘DTH Picture Clarity (August
2009) has increased its channel base to 183+ channels. Airtel digital TV is now
amongst the fastest growing DTH brands in the country and is available across
5000+ towns in India. It has also been ranked as the best DTH service by “Living
Digital” magazine. Airtel chief Sunil Mittal said that Airtel digital TV and other DTH
players have a bright future in Indian market as the people are getting more
attracted towards DTH because of its quality and affordability.
Airtel Digital TV's standard definition broadcasts are in MPEG-4 with
Interactive Service (ITV) and 7-day EPG (electronic programme guide).
Interactive Service (ITV) of Airtel Digital TV includes an add-on service that
allows a user to shop, book movie tickets etc. A universal remote is included in
the package that can, over IR frequencies, control both the TV and the DTH box.
Like other DTH service providers, it also provides a Pay per View interactive
service that includes a catalogue of movies in Hindi, English and Regional
languages.
Airtel digital TV also launched Airtel Digital TV HD. Airtel Digital TV HD
provides channels in their native resolution of 1080i or 720p with 16:9 aspect
ratios. The STB is compatible with 7.1 Channel Dolby Digital Plus surround
sound as well and is in fact the first HD STB in India to be complaint with Dolby
digital Plus.
SLOGAN OF AIRTEL DIGITAL TV: “Come Home to the Magic”. But later on, it
was changed to “Stars come home”.

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BRAND AMBASSADORS OF AIRTEL DIGITAL TV: Airtel DTH perhaps today
rakes in at top position with a horde of celebrity ambassadors from Bollywood,
cricket and music industry. The brand has had the likes of A.R.Rahman, actors
like Vidya Balan, R.Madhavan and cricketers Zaheer Khan and Gautam
Gambhir endorsing for them. The current brand ambassadors for Airtel DTH are
the real life couple Saif Ali Khan and Kareena Kapoor and the earlier
campaigns revolved around their relationship with a bit of humor. The brand
believes that celebrities or icons definitely help in enhancing the image of the
brand as well as increasing sales. These DTH players have also given the
celebrities a stage to come closer to their fans and followers with the kinds of
offers and schemes these brands come up with.
‘Saif Ali Khan’ and ‘Kareena Kapoor’ in Airtel DTH advertisement
‘Kareena Kapoor’ in Airtel digital TV’s advertisement

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FEATURES OF AIRTEL DIGITAL TV
Some great features of Airtel digital TV that encourage other DTH users to switch
are as:
 Universal remote - that works for both Set Top Box and TV
 Airtel Digital TV offers you an exceptional viewing experience with the
MPEG4 DVB-S2 technology. An exclusive and revolutionary feature, it
guarantees you unmatched picture quality and sound.
 Highest Set Top Box memory - meaning more interactive applications
 World space Radio - integrated satellite radio for music fans
 High quality games - refreshed every 6 weeks
 Audio gain control - ensures uniform audio levels across all channels
 On screen account meter - keep track of monthly expenses
 Last viewed channel - restored after power disruption/switch off
 Low battery indicator - Time to recharge
 Airtel Digital TV Recorder - It allows 150 hours of recording live TV on a
160 GB hard disk with MPEG 4 picture clarity.
 The Dish antenna of Airtel Digital TV is considerably bigger than other DTH
dishes. This makes sure that you don’t lose connectivity even when it rains
wild. The bigger dish has been brought up keeping this aspect in mind.
 Stylish set top box-The sleek looks and stylish finish of the set top box
makes it pleasing to the eye, giving it a glamorous feel.
 Multilingual electronic programme guide-All the programme information you
need is right here on the Multilingual Electronic programme Guide. Simple
and easy to use, you can also switch language from English to Hindi or
vice-versa, as per your choice.

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SERVICES PROVIDED BY AIRTEL DIGITAL TV
(1) It provides World-Space satellite radio channels: Airtel Digital TV
exclusively offers 10 popular and premium World-Space satellite radio channels
to its subscribers. There is so much to hear, when you have World Space Radio
with you. Airtel provides these radio channels without any extra cost.
(2) Interactive Services: Airtel Digital TV also provides various interactive
services. These services include;
 iAstro: iAstro enables you to get daily predictions, information on Rahu
kaal and simplified Hindi Panchang for up to 3 days in advance. Read up
on your zodiac sign and get your fortune for the day along with results for
your most compatible partner. You can press iTV on your remote to reach
iAstro.
 iDarshan: iDarshan enables you to get in touch with your spiritual side. Get
access to prayers directly from the shrines, and view programs on Ishwar
Bhakti, Devi Maa and Sai Baba Bhajans, and Gurbani.
 iGoodlife: Indulge in a better way of life! iGoodlife offers interactive
programs on the best of fitness routines, recipes to pamper your taste
buds, home and family tips, and innovative tips for a swanky new lifestyle!
 iFasal: Now, with iFasal, India's first TV interactive for farmers, one can get
easy information on wholesale markets prices for various commodities
along with expert advice on better farming techniques. This application is
extremely user friendly and requires the user to just click a few buttons to
lay their hands on the desired information.
 iLearn: Learning has never been this much fun! Airtel digital TV offers
interactive and fun learning sessions for your children. With tutorials
ranging from classes 1 through 5, iLearn provides enjoyable educational
modules for kids. Press iTV on your remote to access iLearn.

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 iRadio: Get 21 music channels on your digital TV. iRadio brings you radio
channels in various languages.
(3) Digital TV for Vehicles: Now you can catch your daily dose of entertainment
with Airtel Digital TV while you are on move with the help of digital TV for
vehicles.
(4) Multiple TV’s: Airtel also provides multiple TV connection offer. It means that
if you have more than one TV at your home, you can connect these TV’s with the
common dish and can enjoy different channels on different TV’s.
(5) Multi-storied Residential Building Connection: Now get Airtel Digital TV to
power the televisions of your residential building. It means that you can get single
dish antenna for the entire building instead of one dish antenna per home.
COMPLAINTS OF THE CUSTOMERS ABOUT AIRTEL
DIGITAL TV
 Costly: The main problem of Airtel Digital TV is its price which is
comparatively higher than any other DTH. The highest pack goes up to
Rs.424 per month which comes out to be too costly keeping in mind the
present cut-throat competition in the DTH market.
 Poor Customer Care: Many customers complaint about the poor customer
care services of Airtel Digital TV.

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SNAPSHOTS
Airtel digital TV
Type Subsidiary
Founded 2008
Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Area served India
Key people Sunil Bharti Mittal
satellite, Pay
Parent Bharti Airtel
Subsidiaries Bharti Telemedia Ltd.

37
RELIANCE DIGITAL TV
Reliance Digital TV is a DTH satellite television provider in India based in
Navi Mumbai, using MPEG-4 digital compression technology, transmitting using
MEASAT-3 91.5°east. It is the 5th DTH service launched in India. Reliance
Digital TV limited is a part of Reliance Communications Ltd., a subsidiary of
Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group founded by the Late Dhirubhai Ambani,
the Indian business tycoon and owned by his son Anil Ambani. Reliance Digital
TV started operations from 19 August 2008. It was initially introduced as
Reliance BIG TV, but later on they changed the name to Reliance Digital TV.
It currently offers close to 200 channels and many interactive ones, 32
cinema halls (i.e. Pay per View Cinema Channels) as well as many Radio
channels. The company plans to increase the number of channels in the near
future to 400. It is the first Pan-India DTH provider that uses MPEG-4 for
broadcasting. There are also plans to introduce services like i-Stock, i-News
and other such interactive services in the future. Reliance Digital TV was
launched on August 19, 2008 with the sole aim of providing the consumer with
quality and enriched home entertainment service at value-driven pricing. Reliance
BIG TV's launch in August was probably the biggest roll-out in home
entertainment ever and deployed the most advanced MPEG4 technology
that enabled them to deliver best quality digital audio-video to the consumer. It
also got prepared for the future when Hi-Definition TV will be launched in
India because only MPEG4 technology can support HD TV and not MPEG2
which is used by the earlier entrants in the DTH industry. The MPEG4 technology

38
helps to broadcast up to 35 to 40 channels per transponder. With 12
transponders they are able to broadcast over 400 channels. They are currently
utilizing only 8 of their transponders to broadcast over 200 channels.
Reliance Digital TV's retailer network is spread across 100,000 outlets in
6,500 towns in India. This was literally unheard of in the DTH industry.
They had effectively out-stripped the competition here. When it came to pricing –
packaging, their introductory offer stood at Rs. 1,490/- with 3 to 6 months of free
subscription. They also introduced 32 Pay-Per-View Movie Channels, the highest
by any DTH player.
Reliance Digital TV has recently launched its HD Service and is providing
over 250 channels with this service. Reliance Digital TV HD and HD DVR set-top
boxes are now 3D ready. So you can enjoy a 3D experience on your 3D TV when
3D content becomes available.
SLOGAN OF RELIANCE DIGITAL TV: "TV ho Toh BIG Ho" ("If you have a TV,
it has to be BIG")
BRAND AMBASSADOR OF RELIANCE DIGITAL TV: The father-son duo of
Amitabh Bachchan and Abhishek Bachchan have both endorsed for Reliance
Digital TV at some point in time in their respective careers. Reliance Digital TV
has also assigned Hrithik Roshan as its brand ambassador.
“Hrithik Roshan in advertisement of Reliance Digital TV”

39
FEATURES OF RELIANCE DIGITAL TV
 Guide: It provides two days advance Programme Guide with description.
 Picture Quality: It provides MPEG-4 picture quality.
 Mini Guide: Lists all available channels and displays information about the
selected program at the bottom of the screen.
 Exclusive Cinema Channels: More movies, more options every hour,
Advertisement-free cinema viewing, Friday Premiere! New movies added
every 15 days.
 Favourites: Set up a personal program guide of the channels you watch
the most and assign personalized names to your favourites list – e.g. Mom,
Dad, etc.
 My Top 10: Gives you a list of frequently watched channels and gives
access to your most viewed channels list in a jiffy.
 Reminders: Don’t miss a program. View all reminders from the Reminders
list. Onscreen alert pop-up message displayed when program is about to
start.
 Parental Control: Enables to lock a channel, Block programs based on
their content rating, Programs can be unlocked only by using your unique
PIN codes.
 Channel’s Signals in Heavy Rain: Reliance Digital TV’s advanced
technology lets you watch channels even when it rains heavily. Channels
may blank-out for just about 5-6 seconds whereas in other DTHs, channel
black-out lasts the entire length of the rain.

40
SERVICES PROVIDED BY RELIANCE DIGITAL TV
(1) Multilingual Customer Care Service: Reliance Digital TV provides 24x7 the
highest quality of customer care service and technical assistance in 11
languages.
(2) Reliance Digital TV Multiple TVs: Reliance digital TV offers multiple TV
connection facility that enables the users to enjoy multiple DTH connections at
home. Thus, users can get Reliance digital TV for multiple TVs at home and avail
the discounts on monthly rent of multi room connections. Multiple TV discount is
applied only in those cases where the parent & child connections have same
channel packs.
(3) Interactive Services: Reliance Digital TV provides following types of
interactive services:
 iKids: iKids offers you interactive and educational games. Your child can
enjoy and learn the alphabet, numbers and many other things.
 iGames: iGames offers you new games every fortnight in association with
India games.
 iCooking: iCooking offers you exciting dishes from around the world,
Celebrity chef with exclusive dishes.
 iEducation: iEducation offers you key Learning in Physics, Chemistry,
Biology and Math for class 9, 10 & 12, Point wish summation of important
topics.
 iAstro: iAstro offers you daily and weekly zodiac predictions. Daily
panchang, Tarot and numerology forecast, Partner compatibility tool.
 iCare: iCare offers you on-screen user guide to demonstrate optimal usage
of Reliance Digital TV connection. All the product information, you’d like
about Reliance Digital TV like details of channel packages, special offer
announcements and answers to all queries – from quick-fixes to account
recharging.

41
(4) ‘Select’ Service: A “Select” service on Reliance Digital TV allows users to
watch 12 channels at a time on a single screen with a press of button.
(5) ‘Help’ Service: Reliance Digital TV also provides a Help channel. This
channel provides information regarding as to how to use the Reliance Digital TV.
COMPLAINTS OF THE CUSTOMERS ABOUT RELIANCE
DIGITAL TV
 The biggest problem of Reliance Digital TV is its STB software which is still
now not stable. Customers across India have reported about STB hanging
problems innumerable no. of times. STB gets over-heated, hangs several
times, slow channel navigation, does not work after a manual update are
some of the many issues that keep occurring to the Reliance Digital TV
STBs.
 Some customers reported that Reliance has very few Indian film channels.
 Incorrect package activations have happened with several users at times
where the customer wanted one pack and some other pack was activated
instead.
 The Big TV logo placed on the top left corner of screens is quite big and not
transparent which is irritating. Whereas the logos of other DTH services are
relatively smaller and of watermark type.

42
SNAPSHOTS
Reliance Digital TV
Type Subsidiary of Reliance
Communications
Founded 2008
Headquarters Dhirubhai Ambani
Knowledge City, Navi
Mumbai, India
Area served India
Key people Anil Ambani
satellite, Pay

44
SUN DIRECT
Sun Direct is an Indian direct broadcast satellite service provider. Its
satellite service, launched on 2005, transmits digital satellite television and audio
to households in India. Sun Direct uses MPEG-4 digital compression technology,
transmitting on INSAT 4B at 93.5°E and MEASAT-3 at 91.5°E. It is the country's
first MPEG-4 technology DTH service provider.
Sun Direct is a joint venture between the Maran's Sun Network family and
the Astro Group of Malaysia. Sun TV entered into a MoU with the Astro group in
January 27, 1997, but since the government of India did not allow the use of KU
band transponders for DTH services the project was put on hold. After the DTH
policy was announced by the government in December 2007, Astro picked up a
20% stake in Sun Direct TV, the stake was valued at approximately $115
million. Sun Direct TV was registered on February 16, 2005. However, the failed
launch of INSAT 4C resulted in a lack of transponders, delaying the launch. The
service was finally launched on 18th Jan 2008 after availability of transponders
from INSAT 4B.
Sun Direct offered subscribers a satellite dish and Set-top box for free and
basic monthly plan as low as 148 (approximately). Currently basic monthly plan
costs 169(approximately).
Sun Direct spread rapidly all over the country owing to lowest pricing of any
DTH services in India. In December 2009, Sun Direct was launched in Mumbai,
Country's financial capital and announced its pan India launch. By 2009 it
became the leading DTH provider with 3 million subscribers. This makes it the
second largest DTH service provider of India. In April 2010 Sun Direct became
the No. 1 DTH service provider of India with 5.8 million subscribers and soon
officially launched its HD service in India.
INSAT-4B glitch and satellite change: On July 7, 2010 a power glitch in
the INSAT 4B satellite turned down the DTH system partly and Sun Direct

45
announced that the service will be free till whole services are restored. The partial
service was restored on INSAT 4B with 193 channels and meantime SUN Direct
is now transmitting 173 channels on MEASAT-3 for uninterrupted transition of its
customers from INSAT 4B at 93.5°E to MEASAT-3 at 91.5°E. Sun direct now
using 4 Measat-3 Transponders (TP's) and 3 INSAT-4B TP's to provide DTH
services, and additionally through exclusive agreement with Reliance Digital TV,
a DTH arm of Reliance ADAG group, Sun Direct Shares 2 TP's of Reliance
Digital TV (Reliance Digital TV holds 12 TP's in Measat-3), i.e. Reliance Digital
TV allows Sun Direct to get signals of FTA channels to Sun direct. Now Sun
Direct stopped its Standard Definition TV services from INSAT-4B and moved its
High Definition TV Services to INSAT-4B, Sun Direct now its entire Standard
Definition TV is from Measat-3. Sun Direct becomes the second DTH Provider to
change satellite.
SLOGAN OF SUN DIRECT: "HAR GHAR MEIN SUN TAN TANA TAN"
BRAND AMBASSADOR OF SUN DIRECT: Sun Direct is an only DTH service
provider which never used services of any Bollywood film star for advertising their
product. Sun Direct is mostly betting on south Indian film stars. Sun Direct also
hired Sumith Arora as its brand ambassador who is a daily soap actor in Indian
television industry.
“Sumith Arora (left) and advertisement of Sun Direct (right)”

46
FEATURES OF SUN DIRECT
 DVD Quality Picture & Sound: Sun Direct provides excellent picture and
sound quality as it employs MPEG4 DVB-S2 technology for providing
exceptional viewing experience. This feature guarantees world class sound
and picture quality.
 Wide Range of Channels: It offers wide variety of channel packages for
the customers to choose from. It enables the customers to make payment
for only those channels they want to watch. It also offers variety of regional
content to cater to the requirements of diverse audience.
 Affordable Packages: Sun Direct provides many affordable packages for
the consumers with monthly expense turn out to be as low as Rs.111 per
month.
 Add-on packs: Customers can opt for various Add-on Packs on monthly
Subscription which starts from Rs.6 per month onwards.
 Guide: Sun Direct provides Multilingual Electronic programme Guide that
offers various program details conveniently. Consumers can easily switch
the languages as per his/her preferences. Consumers can access listing of
all programmes on Sun Direct DTH to ensure that they never miss a
programme. Customer can also get synopses of programmes.
 Parental Control: Customers can control the television channels viewed
by their children by locking the movies on the basis of ratings provided by
the channel or by completely locking the entire channel.
 Reminders: This feature enables the viewers to get all the reminders from
the Reminders list. It displays the onscreen alert pop-up message when
program is going to start.

47
SERVICES PROVIDED BY SUN DIRECT
 Easy Recharge Options: It is easy to recharge Sun Direct account by
using various easily available recharge options such as payment via SMS,
online via credit card or debit card or net banking account.
 Customer Care Service: 24X7 customer care in 6 languages that enables
consumers to get quick solutions to their problems. It has dedicated and
committed distributor network with robust installation franchises.
 Free STB: Sun Direct provides Dish and Set Top Box (STB) free of cost.
 Games: Sun Direct provides many exciting games for the consumers to
keep them refreshed and these games are updated every 6 weeks.
 Movie on demand: Sun Direct also provides movie on demand service.
COMPLAINTS OF THE CUSTOMERS ABOUT SUN
DIRECT
1) Many customers complaint that Sun Direct is not providing interactive
channels as these are provided by other DTH service providers except
movie on demand.
2) Some persons complaint that customer care and after sale services of Sun
Direct are very bad.
3) Some complaints that signal strength of channels is not upto the mark.

48
SNAPSHOTS
Sun Direct
Type Joint venture
Founded 2005
Headquarters Chennai, Tamil
Nadu, India
Area served India
Key people Kalanithi Maran (MD &
CEO)
satellite, Pay
Parent Sun Network (80%)
Astro Group (20%)

50
VIDEOCON D2H
Videocon d2h is one of the largest Indian pay TV provider, providing direct
broadcast satellite service—including satellite television, audio programming, and
interactive television services—to commercial and residential customers in India.
It uses MPEG-4 with DVB S2 digital compression technology. Videocon d2h uses
the ST 2 satellite at 88 ° east. Videocon d2h has 6 transponders for transmitting
its services.
Videocon d2h is the DTH service provided by the Videocon Group.
Videocon Group is an industrial conglomerate with interests all over the world,
and is an Indian multinational company. The group has 17 manufacturing sites in
India and plants in China, Poland, Italy and Mexico. It is also the third largest
picture tube manufacturer in the world. The group is a USD 4 billion global
conglomerate. Videocon d2h has been providing DTH services in India since its
inception in Aug 2009.
As a pioneering offer in the Indian DTH market, Videocon d2h offered
Satellite LCDs & TVs which were DTH enabled with sizes ranging from 19" to
32". This concept in the DTH service was an innovation in the presence of other
players like Dish TV, Tata Sky, Airtel Digital TV, Sun Direct and Reliance Digital
TV providing only the set top box.
This is offering direct to TV without any set top box also. Only the antenna
is enough, it also came with DVD which is connected directly to the TV or
antenna is connected to DVD which gives a best quality of output.
As of 1st January 2012, Videocon d2h offers 330 channels and services
which include 12 HD channels and 21 Active Music Services. In March 2011,
Videocon d2h launched its HD Digital Video Recorder (DVR) box with 3D which
could record live content. With the launch of its 3D Set Top Box (STB), Videocon

51
d2h became the first DTH provider in India to offer a 3D compatible STB since
none of the other DTH providers had a 3D compatible Box.
SLOGAN OF VIDEOCON D2H: Videocon d2h’s slogan initially was “Direct Hai
Correct Hai” which was later changed to “Digital DTH Service” in Nov 2011.
BRAND AMBASSADOR OF VIDEOCON D2H: Videocon has roped in
Bollywood actor Abhishek Bachchan to endorse its direct-to-home (DTH)
service Videocon d2h as brand ambassador.
“Abhishek Bachchan in Videocon d2h Promotional Campaigns”

52
FEATURES OF VIDEOCON D2H
 DVD Quality Picture & Sound: Videocon D2H provides excellent picture
and sound quality as it employs MPEG4 DVB-S2 technology for providing
exceptional viewing experience. This feature guarantees world class sound
and picture quality.
 Stereophonic Sound: Videocon D2H Direct to Home satellite transmission
provides amazing theatre like experience by offering remarkable
Stereophonic sound.
 Universal Remote: Videocon D2H offers a single universal remote for
Satellite LCD and TV for handling TV as well as DTH functions. Thus,
consumers can do away with the hassles of managing multiple remote for
TV and STB.
 12 PIP Mosaic: With Videocon D2H Consumers can conveniently see and
select channels with Genre/language wise mosaic rather than scrolling
channels on EPG.
 Wide Range of Channels: It offers wide variety of channel packages for
the customers to choose from. Videocon D2H can offer up to 291
entertaining channels and services.
 Watch TV While playing: Consumers can watch the last viewed channel
while playing Games.
 Multilingual Guide: Videocon D2H provides Multilingual Electronic
programme Guide that offers various program details conveniently in 2
preferred languages out of 9 languages available. Consumers can easily
switch the languages as per his/her preferences.
 Parental Control: Customers can control the television channels viewed
by their children by locking the movies on the basis of ratings provided by
the channel or by completely locking the entire channel.
 Favourites: Videocon D2H allows the consumers to create up to 4
personal favourites list with 20 channels in each list.

53
 Reminders: Videocon D2H feature enables the viewers to get all the
reminders from the Reminders list. Consumer can select up to 50
reminders for his favourite programs.
 Info Bar and Preview Screen: Videocon D2H provides info bar that has
unique features like program title, Channel No, Start End time, weather
information, progress bar, etc. User can watch the preview of program in
EPG before selecting channel.
SERVICES PROVIDED BY VIDEOCON D2H
1) D2H Movies: Videocon D2H provides latest Hollywood/Bollywood
blockbuster movies and regional movies on pay per movie basis and thus
brings the theatre into the home of the consumers.
2) Easy Recharge Options: It is easy to recharge Videocon D2H account by
using various easily available recharge options such as payment via IVRS,
SMS, online via credit card or debit card or net banking account.
3) Service centre: Videocon D2h has its own service centres that are spread
across the country.
4) Customer Service: Multilingual Customer Care available across 3 zones
in 9 languages. It provides 3 toll free numbers that enables consumers to
get quick solutions to their problems. It has dedicated and committed
distributor network with robust installation franchises.
5) Multiroom Connection: D2H also provides multiroom connection.
6) Interactive services: Videocon D2H comes with wide range of interactive
services such as includes Active Music Space, Tickers, State Active,
Darshan Active, Channel Active, East active, etc.
 Active Music Space-You can listen your favourite music with active music.
 Tickers-User can check latest stock market, news updates and cricket on
ticker.
 Darshan Active-You can visit religious places by sitting at home.

54
 State Active- It includes ETV UP, ETV MP, Zee Chanttisghar and Zee 24
Ghantalu.
 Channel Active- Watch 3 active channels covering topics like infotainment,
parliament news etc in one window. It includes DD Bangala, DD Sapthagiri
and DD Podhaghai.
 East active- Zee Salam, DD Ne, Kolkata TV and Tara Muzik.
COMPLAINTS OF THE CUSTOMERS ABOUT VIDEOCON
D2H
 Customers complaint that Videocon d2h software generally hangs up which
is very irritating.
 Customers complaint that sound quality is very low on Tamil channels, sun
channel and MTV.
 Another problem with d2h is that its software takes much time to upgrade
and responding.
 Interactive channels are not as good and interesting as provided by other
DTH service providers.

55
SNAPSHOTS
Videocon d2h
Type Subsidiary of Videocon
Group
Founded 2009
Headquarters Mumbai, India
Area served India
satellite, Pay
Parent Videocon Group

57
DD DIRECT+
DD Direct+ is an Indian free-to-air digital satellite television owned
by Doordarshan, Which provides digital video and audio programming to
households and businesses in India. It offers a satellite alternative to the free-
view service on digital terrestrial television, with a broadly similar selection of
channels available without subscription for users purchasing a receiver. The high
power Ku-band transponders of Indian Satellite INSAT-4B at 93.5º E are being
used for hosting the DD DIRECT+ services.
DD Direct+ offers 57 television and 23 radio channels. The total capacity
for DD Direct+ is 57 television channels, 22 of these channels are broadcasted
by DD itself and the remaining 35 are private channels.
With the fast developments taking place in Satellite Broadcasting, it is but
natural that Doordarshan has also come up with an alternative to get the required
reach with an alternate technology option “Ku-band broadcasting” which is
envisaged for the coverage of remaining population. This is a much cheaper and
economical option as compared to the coverage through Terrestrial transmitters.
Ku-band transmission will provide coverage in all uncovered areas
including remote, border, tribal, hilly and inaccessible areas in one go within a
short time. With this coverage, the national broadcaster proposes to meet its
obligation of covering the whole nation and its people not only with national
channels, but also make available popular Doordarshan and some other free-to-
air channels on its platform. In order to meet its obligations, it has also been
decided that 10,000 receive systems (Dish and Set Top Box) would be provided
free of cost at public institutions like Anganwadis, Schools, Public Health Centres,
Panchayats, Youth Clubs, Cooperative Societies etc. in the uncovered areas.  It
may be pertinent to mention here that incidentally Doordarshan would be starting
DTH service with Ku band broadcasting as not only uncovered areas are covered
with its commencement, but also the whole country gets multi-channel service in

58
one stroke. The signal will be available at each home directly without the use of
any cable etc. and one will be able to receive the programmes with the help of a
small Receive segment. This platform has been named as DD DIRECT+.
FEATURES OF DD DIRECT +
 DD Direct+ is a free direct-to-home service.
 DD Direct+ also has parental control feature like other DTH service
providers. It means that you can lock or block channels through PIN codes.
 It Uses MPEG-2 Digital Compression Technology for transmitting signal.
According to Government of India it will shifted to MPEG-4 Digital
Compression very soon for boosting its channel capacity.
 It also has an auto search feature.
SERVICES PROVIDED BY DD DIRECT+
 DD Direct Plus also offers additional channels from Dish TV’s satellites that
are FTA (free-to-air) from time to time.
 DD Direct Plus is India’s first and only DTH service that offers its services
absolutely free of cost. No monthly subscriptions to be paid when you are
with DD Direct Plus.

59
 DD Direct+ offers many radio channels, perhaps the large number of radio
channels which are not provided by some other DTH service providers.
 DD Direct+ also provides customer care service for solving the problems of
its customers.
COMPLAINTS OF THE CUSTOMERS ABOUT DD
DIRECT+
 DD Direct Plus does not offer any EPG (Electronic Program Guide) facility,
which all other DTH operator provides. Due to this, users are not able to
check schedules on channels before-hand.
 New channel addition process is very slow. Several channels wait for
approval from Prasar Bharti, but its sluggish attitude makes the addition of
new channels too late.
 DD Direct Plus revises and hikes its carriage fees all of a sudden due to
which some channels tend to quit the platform.
 Signal fluctuation issues occur at certain times, due to which some
channels black-out temporarily.

60
SNAPSHOTS
DD Direct+
Type Pubic
Founded 16 December 2004
Area
served
India
Products Direct broadcast satellite,
Free digital TV
Owner(s) Doordarshan

61
CHAPTER-2
REVIEW
OF
LITERATURE

62
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Since the DTH market in India is tiny and vastly untapped, its potential for
growth is immense. Consider the numbers industry experts are bandying about:
India’s TV viewership is the second largest in the world—we are adding over 14
million new TV sets a year to the 130 million TV households; of these, 97 million
are cable & satellite (C&S) homes, growing at 25-30% annually.
The DTH market now has 14-15 million subscribers, but by 2012, it could
swell to 35-40million. The DTH market in India doubled in 2009-10; of the 1.75
Crore DTH subscribers in India, 70% are in rural areas and towns
with populations below 10 Lakhs, which has 50% of 12.5 Crore cable TV
Homes, are in India.
After its launch in 2003, the Indian DTH industry has come a long way,
adding more players in this business and has been growing at a high rate. The
industry has survived the global financial meltdown and has come out with high
growth numbers in 2009 & 2010.A neat 20 per cent annual growth is being
witnessed in the DTH sector in India with over8.5 million households having
digital pay TV.
According to Harsh Bijoor, a brand consultant, “Since Dish TV, the biggest
market player on the Indian soil, has not scraped even five per cent of the pie,
there is plenty left for other players to eat.”
Interestingly, the rural rich were the first to positively respond to the advent
of DTH industry and those in the remote areas with no or unreliable access to the
cable services will be tapped in by the DTH players.
The Indian readership survey 2009 R2 findings have shown that the Dish
TV is the largest player with over 5.8million subscribers, followed by Tata Sky,
Reliance BIG TV, Airtel Digital TV and Sun Direct, which has predominance in
the southern zone. The zone wise analysis puts the western zone with 4.24
million topping the subscriber base charts and the North, South and East
following the lead

63
Industry analyst Sivasundaram Umapathy published his literature
“industry analysis-DTH industry in India” in 2007. In this paper he analyzed the
challenges and opportunities present for the DTH industry within the Indian
context. We would look at the history of Indian broadcasting followed by looking
at the current DTH market. An environment analysis was done using the Potter’s
five forces model and also the various challenges faced by the industry identified.
“Indian entertainmentand media outlook 2009”published in 2009 where they
discussed about all the entertainment industry.
RNCOS industry Research Solutions published new report “Indian DTH
Market Forecast to 2012” in 2009. In their report they said that the DTH service
market in India has emerged as one of the most lucrative markets which have
successfully resisted the impacts of the current economic slowdown. The
slowdown has certainly proved a boon for the Indian DTH industry as people
have now started to cut on their entertainment expenditure and instead of viewing
movies at theatres, they are preferring to stay at home with their television sets.
The industry is anticipated to add nearly 5 Lakhs subscribers per month during
2009and the numbers are forecasted to surge further at a CAGR of around 30%
through 2012.
"With over 130 Million TV homes, India offers large room for growth in DTH
services as the technology can be used to offer DTH services in remote location,
where setting up of cable networks seems impossible, or is highly expensive",
says a Sr. analyst at RNCOS. It is forecasted that DTH will capture over 21% of
TV homes in India by2012, up from around 10% now.”
Their report, "Indian DTH Market Forecast to 2012”, provides thorough
analysis of the current market performance and the future outlook of DTH
services market in India. It gives detailed analysis of the success factors and also
helps in determining what all are the issues or the hurdles in front of the
burgeoning DTH services market in the country. The study also explains the

64
reason for why all the incumbent players have been investing huge amounts into
the promotion and marketing of DTH services in the country, despite the
current economic slowdown. This research provides extensive research and
rational analysis of the DTH market in India. It will help clients to understand the
underlying potential of DTH services in the Indian television industry. Various
factors which will drive the future growth of the DTH market in India have been
thoroughly analyzed in the report. There port will also help in gaining insight into
the prevailing key trends and developments that are contributing positively
towards the growth of the market.

65
CHAPTER-2.1
GOVERNMENT
POLICIES

66
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) Rules
The Direct to Home Broadcasting Services (Standards of Quality of Service
and Redressal of Grievances) Regulations, 2007, were issued on 31st August,
2007. These regulations were issued to lay down the standards of quality of
direct to home services and to protect the interests of direct to home subscribers.
At the time of issue of these regulations, only two direct to home operators apart
from Doordarshan were providing direct to home services in the country. Since
then, three new direct to home operators have started commercial operations.
With the evolution of the direct to home segment and the increase in the number
of direct to home subscribers, new issues relating to quality of direct to home
service have arisen. In order to address these issues the Authority has decided to
amend the Direct to Home Broadcasting Services (Standards of Quality
of Service and Redressal of Grievances) Regulations, 2007.
Rationale for making amendment to the Direct to Home Broadcasting
Services (Standards of Quality of Service and Redressal of Grievances)
Regulations, 2007:
The Authority noted that a large number of complaints have been received
from the Direct to Home subscribers regarding dropping of channels from
subscription packages offered by DTH operators. In case of subscription to DTH
services, a subscriber subscribes to the service on the basis of specific
channels included in the subscription package. If any channel is taken out of a
subscription package and it is replaced by another channel then the DTH
subscriber may be getting the same number of channels as earlier, but will be
deprived of viewing the particular channel which has been removed. In case the
channel which is removed is offered to the subscriber as an add-on package then
the subscriber ends up paying more for viewing that channel which was
earlier included in his subscription package. This subverts the

67
tariff protection provided to DTH subscribers by Regulation 9 of the Direct to
Home Broadcasting Services (Standards of Quality of Service and Redressal
of Grievances) Regulations, 2007. This calls for DTH subscribers to know about
the following new rules.
1. No visiting or repair and maintenance charges of DTH equipment during
warranty period.
TRAI: The DTH operators have been prohibited from charging any fee towards
visiting charges or repair and maintenance charges of DTH Consumer Premises
Equipment during the period of warranty for such DTH Consumer Premises
Equipment acquired on outright purchase basis.
2. The DTH operators cannot alter the subscription package during the first 6
months, or till validity expiry, of a subscriber's enrollment.
TRAI: The DTH operators have been prohibited from changing the composition of
their subscription packages during first six months of enrolment to the
subscription package or during the period of validity of a prepaid subscription
package, whichever is longer.
3. In case a channel is removed from a subscription package in the first 6months
of enrollment, the DTH operator must reduce the price proportionately, or
replace the removed channel with one of the same genre and language.
TRAI: The DTH operators have been mandated to proportionately reduce the
subscription charges for a package from which any channel is removed for first
six months of enrolment or during the period of validity of a prepaid subscription
package, whichever is longer or to replace the channel with a channel of same
genre and language.

68
4. The option of choosing the package with reduced charges or the package with
replaced channel has been given to the subscriber.
5. In case a removed channel needs to be replaced, the replacement option will
be in the hands of the DTH operator.
TRAI: Option to select the channel of the same genre and language in a
subscription package to replace a channel which has become unavailable on the
DTH platform, has been given to the DTH operator.
6. Your DTH operator needs to give a prior notice of fifteen days to you before
changing the composition of any subscription package.
7. Subscribers are allowed to request their DTH operator to suspend
their services for up to 3 months. However, this suspension period should not
comprise the same calendar month.
TRAI: DTH operators have been mandated to entertain requests of DTH
subscribers for suspension of services if requested period of suspension does not
exceed three calendar months and does not comprise part of a calendar month.
The above rules are compulsory for DTH operators to adhere to.

69
CHAPTER-3
OBJECTIVES
OF
THE STUDY

70
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Objectives of the Projected Study and Analysis are:
 To study the features of the various DTH services.
 To study the services provided by various DTH services providers.
 To identify the problems or complaints of the customers about different
DTH Service Providers.
 To study the customer satisfaction from various DTH service providers.

71
CHAPTER-4
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

72
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
The project was to involve a detail study of customer satisfaction from
various DTH service providers. The methodology adopted for eliciting the
data required for the study was survey method. Various customers using
different brands of DTH across region were contacted for primary data collection.
Different methods of primary data collection were employed in the form of
questionnaire, structured and unstructured interviews. Besides this, secondary
data was collected from internet sites of different DTH service providers, internet
publications and information broachers of DTH companies.
The Research Methodology used by me for the purpose of this project is as
follows:-
Research Methodology:
The research design used here for this project is a combination of
Exploratory & Explanatory designs. First a general know about the DTH
companies. Then personal interactions with the customers concerned are made
to figure out the results.
Data Collection Methods:
According to the needed research of the project; I pursued both primary &
secondary data collection methods.
1) Primary Data: Primary data was collected through Survey Method which is
very suitable to reach the appropriate information. Printed questionnaires
and direct interviews were used to collect the required information. The
questionnaire focused upon collecting information regarding customer
satisfaction from various DTH service providers.

73
2) Secondary Data: Secondary data was collected from internet sites of
different DTH service providers, internet publications, previous reports and
information broachers of DTH companies.
Sampling Procedure:
Simple Random sampling procedure was followed. A sample is always a
part of the desired universe & it should represent each & every aspect of the
study being conducted. The only thing is that the sample being chosen is of
relevance & accurate source of information. My sampling design is based on
random sampling because each element gets probability to be included & all
choices made are independent of each other.
Sampling Unit:
The sampling units in my project are customers or users of DTH services.
Sample Size:
The sample size used in this project is 50 DTH users.
Area of Survey:
The area or region where the survey is conducted includes Mukerian,
Dasuya, Gurdaspur, Pathankot and nearby villages.

74
CHAPTER-5
DATA ANALYSIS
&
INTERPRETATION

75
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
Que 1. Which DTH connection do you have at your home?
Table 1:
Dish TV 42%
Airtel digital TV 14%
Tata sky 8%
Reliance digital TV 12%
Videocon D2H 4%
Sun direct 4%
DD direct + 16%
Graph 1:
INTERPRETATION: Out of 50 respondents, 40% have Dish TV, 14% have Airtel
Digital TV, 8% have Tata sky, 12% have Reliance Digital TV, 4% have Videocon
d2h, 4% have Sun Direct and 16% are using DD Direct+.
42%
14%
8%
12%
4%
4%
16%
DTH Connection at Home
Dish TV
Airtel digital TV
Tata sky
Reliance digital TV
Videocon D2H
Sun direct
DD direct +

76
Que 2. How many DTH connections are there at your home?
Table 2:
Graph 2:
INTERPRETATION: 92% of respondents replied that they have only one DTH
connection at home. 8% replied that they have two DTH connections at home.
From sample unit, no one has three or more than three DTH connections at
home.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
One Two Three More than
three
No. of DTH at Home
Series1
One 92%
Two 8%
Three 0%
More than three 0%

77
Que 3. Why do you prefer DTH connection over cable TV?
Table3:
Graph 3:
INTERPRETATION: 18% respondents prefer DTH over cable because they think
it is economical, 16% due to high clarity, 29% due to better services, 2% due to
interactive services, 5% due to high variety, 2% due to online services, 4% think
that it is easy to manage and 24% prefer DTH due to all the above reasons.
Economical 18%
High clarity 16%
Better services 29%
Interactive services 2%
Higher variety 5%
Availability of online services 2%
Easy to manage 4%
All of above 24%
18%
16%
29%
2%
5%
2%
4%
24%
Reasons for DTH preference over cable
Economical
High clarity
Better services
Interactive services
Higher variety
Availability of online services
Easy to manage
All of above

78
Que 4. How much do you pay for your DTH connection per month?
Table 4:
Graph 4:
INTERPRETATION: Out of 50 respondents, 16% i.e. 8 persons are using DD
Direct+ which is free DTH service. So, from rest of respondents, 19% said that
they are paying Rs. 150 p.m., 48% are paying Rs. 150-200 p.m., 21% are paying
Rs. 200-300 p.m. and rest 12% are paying more than Rs. 300 p.m.
Upto Rs. 150 19%
Rs. 150-200 48%
Rs. 200-300 21%
More than Rs. 300 12%
19%
48%
21%
12%
Monthly payment for DTH
Upto Rs. 150
Rs. 150-200
Rs. 200-300
More than Rs. 300

79
Que 5. How would you rate your satisfaction from your DTH service
provider?
Table 5:
Graph 5:
INTERPRETATION: Out of 50 respondents, 14% are extremely satisfied with
their DTH service providers, 48% are satisfied, 34% respondents rate their
satisfaction as neutral, 2% are dissatisfied and 2% are extremely dissatisfied.
Que 6. How many channels do you get in your package?
Extremely satisfied 14%
Satisfied 48%
Neutral 34%
Dissatisfied 2%
Extremely dissatisfied 2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Extremely
satisfied
Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Extremely
dissatisfied
Satisfaction from your DTH service
providers
Series1

80
Table 6:
Graph 6:
INTERPRETATION: Out of 50 respondents, 16% respondents said that they get
around 75 channels (all these 16% respondents are DD Direct+ users). 58%
respondents replied that they get around 100 channels, 8% replied that they get
around 150 channels, 18% replied that they get more than 150 channels.
Around 75 16%
Around 100 58%
Around 150 8%
More than 150 18%
16%
58%
8%
18%
No. of channels in your monthly package
Around 75 Around 100 Around 150 More than 150

81
Que 7. In what ways your DTH connection is better than other DTH
connections?
Table 7:
Graph 7:
INTERPRETATION: 21% respondents preferring their present DTH over other
DTH because of much clarity, 21% because of value for money, 12% due to
better features, 18% due to better services, 10% due to better signals and 18%
preferring their current DTH over other DTH because of all the above reasons.
Much clarity 21%
Value for money 21%
Better features 12%
Better services 18%
Better signals 10%
All of above 18%
21%
21%
12%
18%
10%
18%
Reasons for prefering present DTH over
other DTH
Much clarity Value for money Better features
Better services Better signals All of above

82
Que 8. What things you really don’t like about your DTH service provider?
Table 8:
Graph 8:
INTERPRETATION: Out of 50 respondents, 27% donot like the price of their
DTH service, 12% complaint about poor services, 51% replied that the signal
quality of their DTH service is very poor and 10% replied other reasons.
Price 27%
Poor services 12%
Poor signals 51%
others (specify) 10%
27%
12%
51%
10%
The things customers donot like about their
DTH service providers
Price Poor services Poor signals others

83
Que 8.1: If you replied others in question 8 then specify the other reason?
Table 8.1:
Graph 8.1:
INTERPRETATION: 10% respondents replied others in previous question. Now
out of 10% respondents, 40% replied costly add-on packs, 20% replied difficult to
operate, 20% replied poor picture quality and 20% replied that some channels
are missing from their DTH service.
Costly add-on packs 40%
Difficult to operate 20%
Poor picture quality 20%
Some channels missing 20%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Costly add-
on packs Difficult to
operate Poor picture
quality Some
channels
missing
Series1

84
Que 9. Do you easily get the recharge for your DTH?
Table 9:
Yes 98%
No 2%
Graph 9:
INTERPRETATION: As 16% i.e. 8 respondents are using DD Direct+ which is
free of cost. So, from 42 users, 98% replied that they easily get the recharge and
2% replied that they donot easily get the recharge.
98%
2%
Do you easily get the recharge
Yes No

85
Que 10. Do you have any plan to change your existing DTH service
provider?
Table 10:
Yes 34%
No 66%
Graph 10:
INTERPRETATION: Out of 50 respondents, 34% are planning to change their
existing DTH service provider and 66% respondents have no such plan.
34%
66%
Plan to change current DTH service
Yes No

86
If yes, then answer Que 10.1 & 10.2
Que 10.1. What features are you looking for in your next DTH service
provider?
Table 10.1:
Graph 10.1:
INTERPRETATION: 34% respondents are planning to change their current DTH
service. Now from 34% respondents, 6% want interactive services in their next
DTH service, 11% are looking for quality, 44% want online services and 39%
respondents want all the above features.
Interactive services 6%
Quality 11%
Online services 44%
All of above 39%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Interactive
services
Quality Online services All of above
What features are you looking in your next
DTH service provider
Series1

87
Que 10.2. Which DTH service provider would you like to switch to?
Table 10.2:
Graph 10.2:
INTERPRETATION: Out of 34% respondents who want to switch to other DTH
service, 6% want to switch to Dish TV, 41% to Airtel Digital TV, 23% to Tata Sky,
12% to reliance Digital TV, 12% to Videocon D2H, 6% to Sun Direct and nobody
wants to switch to DD Direct+.
Dish TV 6%
Airtel digital TV 41%
Tata sky 23%
Reliance digital TV 12%
Videocon D2H 12%
Sun direct 6%
DD direct + 0%
6%
41%
23%
12%
12%
6%
0%
To which DTH service would you like to
switch to
Dish TV
Airtel digital TV
Tata sky
Reliance digital TV
Videocon D2H
Sun direct
DD direct +

88
Que 11. What marketing scheme attracts you most?
Table 11:
Graph 11:
INTERPRETATION: Out of 50 respondents, 36% respondents are more attracted
towards discounts, 16% towards promotional offers, 28% towards service
package and 20% are attracted towards brand image.
Discount 36%
Promotional offers 16%
Service package 28%
Brand image 20%
36%
16%
28%
20%
What marketing schemes attracts you most
Discount Promotional offers Service package Brand image

89
Que 12. What would you recommend the company to add?
Table 12:
Graph 12:
INTERPRETATION: 14% recommends their company to improve customer care,
37% recommends introducing new schemes to attract new customers, and 10%
recommends advertising their product in new ways and 39% recommends
introducing new and unique services like internet.
They should improve their customer care service. 14%
They should introduce new schemes to attract customers. 37%
They should find new ways to advertise their product. 10%
They should introduce new services like INTERNET,
which make them unique in their category.
39%
14%
37%
10%
39%
Recommendations to company
Improve customer care
service.
introduce new schemes.
Find new ways to
advertise their product.
Introduce new services
like INTERNET.

90
CHAPTER-6
FINDINGS
OF
THE STUDY

91
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
 Most of the customers are satisfied with their DTH service provider.
 Most of the customers are using Dish TV.
 Most of the customers, who are to planning to change their current DTH
service, want to switch to Airtel Digital TV followed by Tata Sky.
 Majority of the customers use monthly recharge of Rs. 150-200.
 Tata Sky is very fast in adopting new technologies which adds to
advantage for them.
 Tata Sky also gives freedom to its customers to choose their favourite
channels to form their own pack.
 Dish TV introduces new feature which is still not provided by any other DTH
service provider that is known as “DTH Portability Service”. It means that
you can switch to Dish TV without purchasing set top box of Dish TV.
 Dish TV is the largest market share holder in the DTH Industry.
 There is only Sun Direct which is not providing any interactive service to its
customers except movie on demand.
 Reliance Digital TV is providing large number of cinema channels in
comparison to any other DTH service provider.

92
 Airtel Digital TV’s antenna is comparatively bigger than any other DTH
service provider.
 Videocon d2h is only DTH service provider which has its own service
centres across the country.
 DD direct+ is providing free DTH service.
 There are some common features which are provided by all the DTH
service providers. These are parental control, EPG etc.
 All DTH companies provide customer care service. Most of them provide
this service in more than one language.

93
CHAPTER-7
LIMITATIONS
OF
THE STUDY

94
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
Every project has its own limitations. The purpose of mentioning is to help
readers form more accurate interpretation of the results. Present study is subject
to the following limitations which would be taken into consideration.
 Consumers remain so busy in their daily routines that they are not able to
give proper times regarding the discussions of my project.
 Due to time constraints, the size of the sample was restricted. It may not be
possible to generalize the results on the basis of such small sample size.
 Some consumers are highly loyal and satisfied towards their DTH service
providers. As the matter of which the results obtained may be bias.
 Covering each and every feature and service of the DTH service providers
is not possible for the survey and discussing each and every aspect of the
questionnaire to everyone has also become the part of limitation of the
study.
 Some respondents did not give proper attention to the questionnaires
because they think that I am making this project for fun sake.

95
CHAPTER-8
SUGGESTIONS
&
RECOMMENDATIONS

96
SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
For Dish TV
 Improve customer care service.
 Improve audio and video quality.
 Minimize activation time for channel packs.
For Tata Sky
 Make some balance between add-on packs so that overall cost as well as
confusion in customers’ mind can be reduced.
 Improve signal quality of those channels which does not have good signal
reception.
For Airtel Digital TV
 Airtel should try to reduce cost of channel packs. By doing so, they can
attract more customers.
 Improve customer care.
For Reliance Digital TV
 Improve their STB software that hangs up many times.
 Increase Indian film channels.
 They should make their logo invisible and of watermark type.
For Sun Direct
 Introduce interactive channels.
 Improve customer care service.
 Improve signal quality of channels.

97
For Videocon d2h
 Improve STB software quality that hangs up many times.
 Introduce some interesting interactive channels.
For DD Direct+
 Introduce Electronic Program Guide (EPG) as provided by other DTH
service providers.
 Improve signal quality.
 Increase number of channels.
Common recommendations for all DTH service providers
During research, most of the customers recommend to their service providers
 To add online services like Internet.
 To introduce new schemes to attract more customers.

99
CONCLUSION
We conclude that DTH industry is growing at rapid speed. In DTH Industry
Dish TV is the biggest player holding large market share followed by Tata Sky.
But with the growth in DTH industry, many new companies enter in this industry
and give a huge competition to the existing DTH service providers. Today, there
are total 7 DTH service providers in Indian DTH industry. There are Dish TV, Tata
Sky, Airtel Digital TV, Reliance Digital TV, Sun Direct, Videocon d2h, DD Direct+.
Out of these, DD Direct+ and Dish TV are public companies and all other are
private companies. Out of new entrants, Airtel and reliance come out as big
service providers. Sun Direct is the giant DTH service provider in south India. All
the service providers are providing unique services to its customers.
DTH has many features such as clear picture quality, better sound quality,
uninterrupted entertainment, Guide, interactive services, Radio channels etc.
That is why people now prefer it over cable.
Most of the customers are satisfied with their DTH service provider. Most
of the customers are ready to spent Rs. 150-200 per month for their DTH service.
Looking at the present scenario, we can say that the future of DTH
companies is very bright.

101
QUESTIONNAIRE
“A study of customer satisfaction from various DTH
service providers.”
Dear Respondent,
I am a student of Dasmesh Girls College, Chak Alla Baksh,
Mukerian. I am working on the project entitled “A study of customer
satisfaction from various DTH service providers” and for the completion of the
project, Irequest you to fill this questionnaire.
Que 1. Which DTH connection do you have at your home?
(a) Dish TV  (b) Airtel digital TV 
(c) Tata sky  (d) Reliance digital TV 
(e) Videocon D2H  (f) Sun direct 
(g) DD direct + 
Que 2. How many DTH connections are there at your home?
(a) One  (b) Two 
(c) Three  (d) More than three 
Que 3. Why do you prefer DTH connection over cable TV?
(a) Economical  (b) High clarity 
(c) Better services  (d) Interactive services 
(e) Higher variety  (f) Availability of online services 
(g) Easy to manage  (h) All of above 
Que 4. How much do you pay for your DTH connection per month?
(a) Upto Rs. 150  (b) Rs. 150-200 
(c) Rs. 200-300  (d) More than Rs. 300 

102
Que 5. How would you rate your satisfaction from your DTH service
provider?
(a) Extremely satisfied  (b) Satisfied 
(c) Neutral  (d) Dissatisfied 
(e) Extremely dissatisfied 
Que 6. How many channels do you get in your package?
(a) Around 75  (b) Around 100 
(c) Around 150  (d) More than 150 
Que 7. In what ways your DTH connection is better than other DTH
connections?
(a) Much clarity  (b) Value for money 
(c) Better features  (d) Better services 
(e) Better signals  (f) All of above 
Que 8. What things you really don’t like about your DTH service provider?
(a) Price  (b) Poor services 
(c) Poor signals  (d) others (specify) 
Que 9. Do you easily get the recharge for your DTH?
(a) Yes  (b) No 
Que 10. Do you have any plan to change your existing DTH service
provider?
(a)Yes  (b) No 
Que 10.1. What features are you looking for in your next DTH service
provider?
(a) Interactive services  (b) Quality 
(c) Online services  (d) All of above 

103
Que 10.2. Which DTH service provider would you like to switch to?
(a) Dish TV  (b) Airtel digital TV 
(c) Tata sky  (d) Reliance digital TV 
(e) Videocon D2H  (f) sun direct 
(g) DD direct + 
Que 11. What marketing scheme attracts you most?
(a) Discount  (b) Promotional offers 
(c) Service package  (d) Brand image 
Que 12. What would you recommend the company to add?
(a) They should improve their customer care service. 
(b) They should introduce new schemes to attract customers. 
(c) They should find new ways to advertise their product. 
(d) They should introduce new services like INTERNET, which
make them unique in their category. 
Personal information of respondent:
Name of the respondent: ___________________________________
Phone no.________________________________________________
Address: _________________________________________________

105
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Internet sites and links
www.dishtv.com
www.airtel.in/digitaltv
www.reliancedigitaltv.com
www.tatasky.com
www.sundirect.in
www.videocond2h.com
www.ddinews.gov.in/DTH/DDDIRECT
http://www.saveondish.com/comparison-of-dish-tv-tata-sky-digital-tv-big-tv-and-
dd-dth/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_digital_TV
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dish_TV
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Digital_TV
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Direct
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_d2h
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DD_Direct%2B
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Sky
http://www.dth.co.in/videocon-d2h-dth-service.html
http://www.amitbhawani.com/blog/airtel-digital-tv-features/

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