University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business Research Seminar What is the State of Sustainable Investment in Africa?

SinCo – sustainable investment consultants © 2006-2012 FOR PROFESSIONAL INVESTORS USE ONLY – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC

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REGULATORY INFORMATION

No part of this report or proposal suggests or should understood to suggest endorsement or advice on any investment approach, strategy or offering.The rights and obligations of the investor are set out in the relevant policy
contract. Market fluctuations and changes in rates of exchange or taxation may have an effect on the value, price or income of investments. Since the performance of financial markets fluctuates, an investor may not get back
the full amount invested. Past performance is not necessarily a guide to future investment performance.

UCT GSB research seminars hosted by Tamlyn Mawa and Ralph Hamman

UCT GSB,Waterfront, Cape Town, South Africa 25 July 2012 1PM - 2PM

sustainable investment consulting

Designing and developing world-class ESG architecture for institutional investment in frontier and emerging markets since 2006

Graham Sinclair

Principal

SinCo

sincosinco.com | @SinCoESG | info@sincosinco.com

What is the State of Sustainable Investment in Africa?

SinCo

sincosinco.com


2

sincosinco.com/sustainable-returns-project.php


NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION OR CITATION

Agenda

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CONTEXT

•  Signiﬁcant increase in interest around
sustainable investment, ESG factors, and the
role of asset management

•  Studies in Africa centering on South Africa,
recently expanded to multi-country surveys
and analysis of North Africa and Sub-Saharan
Africa

•  Academic literature focused mostly in South
Africa reviewing pensions and asset
management activity, role of JSE SRI index and
multi-stakeholder initiatives for example
Carbon Disclosure Project

DISCUSSION TODAY

1.  Summary of selected recent research/activity

•  Sustainable Investment in Middle East and
North Africa (2010) and Sub-Saharan Africa,
(2011)

•  2011-2012 – watershed year?

•  OneYear Later Report

•  Sustainable Returns Project – Phase 1 report
“Deﬁning Momentum” on retirement fund
investment value chain paper

2.  AfricaSIF.org Marketplace Trends Report 2012

3.  Conclusions and next steps




SinCo
sustainable investment consulting, global emerging markets practice

  SinCo at a Glance

  Bespoke investment advisory focused on
sustainable investment architecture

  Architect + analysts with support team operating
projects with partners in Geneva, Seattle, London,
Nairobi,Washington DC, Cape Town, Istanbul

  Word-of-mouth, below-the-radar approach
working directly with principal

  Philosophy

  SinCo is a boutique investment advisory ﬁrm
specializing as an ESG investment architect for
sustainable investment in frontier and emerging
markets.

  SinCo helps clarify questions, design develop
answers, and project manages thinking into action.

  SinCo promotes answers to sustainability
emerging from talent in frontier and emerging
markets, as well as developed countries.

  Experienced

  Established boutique in Boston in Q4 2006: inaugural
engagement for Wall St proprietary and third party
manager with USD 900bn AUM, 200 analysts, mutli-
asset classes

  Since 2006, SinCo has delivered sustainable
investment architecture globally to pension funds,
asset managers and international organizations
integrating ESG factors into investment practice.

  Projects for proprietary clients in listed equity, hedge
funds, investment product RD, investment bank
derivative instruments, ESG impact metrics.

  Proven Project Leader

  Multi-year, multi-stakeholder, multi-country projects
over milestones through time, including PRI in EM
project rollout.

  ESG services

  Bespoke research, benchmarking ESG best practices,
making sustainable investment case, designing ESG
indexes, streamlining private equity ESG frameworks,
investment roadshows

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As sustainable investment architect, we consider sustainability through the lens of environmental, social and governance
factors are integrated in all investment decisions.Working with SinCo our clients have access to world-class strategy, plans
and experience to quickly and effectively solve the challenges in making sustainable investment work.

sincosinco.com




youtube.com/africasif

AfricaSIF.org is an independent, pan-African, not-for-
profit network, knowledgebase and advocate promoting
investment in sustainable development across the
continent. The AfricaSIF.org Project is building a network of
institutions and individuals promoting sustainable
investment in Africa by investors in public, private and
philanthropy sectors across asset classes, countries and
stakeholders from our platform www.africasif.org. 
 
2012 HIGHLIGHTS include: 
 
AfricaSIF.org ESG Masterclass: Education and training for
investors, pension fund trustees, consultants and
regulators. Next training planned for Johannesburg (Aug)
and Cape Town (Sept), with plans for Casablanca (Dec).
http://www.africasif.org/esg-masterclass.php 
 
AfricaSIF.org Marketplace Trends Report 2012: A
sustainable investment benchmarking survey that looks at
investment market size and dynamics in 54 African
countries. For the first time, AfricaSIF.org will contribute
the Africa coverage in the global SIFs Trends Report in
December.
http://www.africasif.org/marketplace-and-trends-
report.php 
 
AfricaSIF.org Networking 2012: The AfricaSIF team invites
you to meet and mingle with 100 investors and
stakeholders in Africa. Events are planned for
Johannesburg around the ESG Forum 21 Aug, 5 Sept in
Cape Town ahead of the IMN Africa Cup 2012, with plans
for Casablanca in adjacent SuperReturn Africa 3-5 Dec.
http://www.africasif.org/networking-events-2012.php
|

twi4er.com/africasif

www.africasif.org

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African Stock Exchanges: three stages in development

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Top 5 African Africa stock exchanges by
market capitalization (above USD 10bn)

Other operating Africa stock exchanges

Source: SinCo analysis 2011; : SinCo+RisCura data; 2011 © International Finance Corporation (IFC)

IFC Advisory Services in Africa
Advisory Services by Business Line, FY11 -
Total Project Expenditures: $207 Million
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IFC Hub Offices
IFC Country Offices
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Mediterranean
Sea
INDIAN
OCEAN
Cape Town
Johannesburg
Maputo
Antananarivo
Lusaka
Freetown
Nairobi
Kigali
Douala
N’Djamena
Lagos
Accra
Ouagadougou
Abidjan
Dakar
Cairo
AmmanJerusalem
Beirut
Algiers
Rabat
Sana’a
Dubai
Monrovia
Kinshasa
Addis Abala
Dar-es-Salaam
Bujumbura
Bamako
Bangui Juba
Access to
Finance
31%
Investment
Climate 27%
Sustainable
Business 29%
Public Private
Partnerships 13%




Sustainable Investment in Middle East and North Africa 2010

  MENA $54.25 billion 2.13%, MENA without Shari’ah - compliant
investments $17.1 billion 0.67%.This is a conservative estimate based solely
on disclosed data, and excludes publicly committed investments which
cannot be verified as already invested.

  The main sustainability issues identified in Sustainable Investment in
Middle East North Africa 2011 are economic diversification, climate
change, water scarcity, governance reform and greater transparency, youth
development and employment, contribution of women to economic/social
development and labor conditions.

  To determine the current state of development of SI in MENA, the study
used an assessment framework which primarily focused on “Market
Preparedness” and current “Market Interest” in SI among active investors in
MENA. The Market Preparedness assessment covers two components:
investment, ESG regulations and country performance; and ESG disclosure.

  The level of SI in MENA is low, but not insignificant, and there is a
growing recognition of a need for action on sustainability
issues. Whereas governance reforms have been initiated, there has been
less progress on environmental and social elements of ESG. Some countries
in the region have made important strides, but many areas are still in very
early stages of development and challenges remain for the growth of SI in
MENA.

9

  Sustainable
Investment
in
Middle
East

North
Africa
2010,
full
report:
hCp://www.ifc.org/sustainableinvesEng

WriCen
by:
Guy

Morgan,
BSR
and
Darin
Rovere,
Sustainability
Excellence.
Editorial
team:

Taha
Rafi,
Jason
Youmans,
and
Berit
Lindholdt
Lauridsen

Briefing on Sustainable Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa Report (IFC, July 2011) April 2012 | © SinCo 2012 | sincosinco.com

Takeaways: Sustainable Investment Marketplace Snapshot

•  Sustainable investment (SI) is an established niche in Sub-Saharan Africa, and predominantly in
its largest institutional investment market – South Africa. This study recommends five measures
to expand SI through 2020.

–  The report forecasts that over the next 10 years there will be considerable growth of ESG
considerations in investment management in South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria.

–  The strongest growth will be in the ESG-integrated segment driven by major asset owners, DFI-led PE
investment, regulatory changes, and activities of SI/ESG-specialist investment boutiques.

•  In both the private equity (PE) asset class and in general asset management practice, SI as a
pure-play, branded environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment theme totals an
estimated $5.5 billion in assets under management (AUM). However, using the broader definition to
which this report subscribes, which defines SI as investment practice that integrates ESG factors in investment
policy and/or process stages, this report estimates that SI in Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa stands at over
$125 billion AUM (20 percent of total AUM).

•  The relatively high proportion of ESG-integrated investment is the result of:

–  Largest asset owner in the largest African investment market, South Africa’s Government Employee
Pension Fund (GEPF) with $131 billion and asset manager of 92 percent of its assets, the Public
Investment Commission (PIC), both adopting ESG-integrated sustainable, responsible and/or
developmental investment policies since 2009. Largest series of PE funds in the past decade have in part
had DFI-sponsored PE mandates in Africa

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Sustainable Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa 2011

  Sustainable investment (SI) is an established niche in Sub-Saharan Africa, and
predominantly in its largest institutional investment market – South Africa.
This study recommends five measures to expand SI through 2020.

  The report forecasts that over the next 10 years there will be considerable growth
of ESG considerations in investment management in South Africa, Kenya, and
Nigeria.

  The strongest growth will be in the ESG-integrated segment driven by major asset
owners, DFI-led PE investment, regulatory changes, and activities of SI/ESG-specialist
investment boutiques.

  In both the private equity (PE) asset class and in general asset management
practice, SI as a pure-play, branded environmental, social, and governance
(ESG) investment theme totals an estimated $5.5 billion in assets under
management (AUM). However, using the broader definition to which this
report subscribes, which defines SI as investment practice that integrates
ESG factors in investment policy and/or process stages, this report
estimates that SI in Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa stands at over
$125 billion AUM (20 percent of total AUM).

  The relatively high proportion of ESG-integrated investment is the result of:

  Largest asset owner in the largest African investment market, South Africa’s
Government Employee Pension Fund (GEPF) with $131 billion and asset manager of
92 percent of its assets, the Public Investment Commission (PIC), both adopting
ESG-integrated sustainable, responsible and/or developmental investment policies
since 2009. Largest series of PE funds in the past decade have in part had DFI-
sponsored PE mandates in Africa

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Drivers: Investing in Sub-Saharan Africa

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“Negative perceptions and the engrained bias that this has created remain Africa's greatest challenge in attracting
investment. Private equity is still a young asset class for Africa and despite well known fund managers like Actis and ECP,
there isn’t a long track record of success to point to when making the case.” – PE Fund


9
17
17
15
25
28
38
44
11
15
22
19
28
18
34
42
0
0
14
29
29
29
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Overhang of capacity
Liquidity
Environmental or social
risks
Portfolio diversification
Data on good
performance
Political/economic risks
Corporate governance/
standards
Attractive risk-adjusted
returns
Identify the importance of these factors in choosing whether or not to invest in Sub-Saharan Africa
today
Ranking results identified as very important on 4-grade scale
[frequency ranking from 8 options; n=48 PE investors + 44 asset owners and asset
Very important - Private Equity Investors
Very important - Asset Owners and Asset Managers
Stakeholders - Very Important


Understanding the inﬂuence on investment decisions

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Fixed income investors
Investors based in Europe
Investors based in USA
Sovereign wealth funds
Institutional investor gurus e.g. Warren Buffett or Bill Gross
Investors based in Middle East
Listed equity investors
High net worth investors
Institutional investors with pan-African mandates
Institutional investors with global emerging markets mandates
Regional Development Banks e.g. AfDB
Investors based in Asia
Private equity investors
Institutional investors with local country mandates
International financing institutions e.g. IFC
Most influential investors driving demand TODAY in sub-Saharan Africa
n=97 investors stakeholders; forced ranking of 3 /15 options Jan 2010 - May 2011]
3rd
2nd
Most Influential
Source: Sustainable Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa Report 2009 – 2011, SinCo analysis 2011; SinCo+RisCura data; 2011 © International Finance Corporation (IFC) 2011


Sector awareness: …extractives are high-impact, high-
visibility

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Source: SinCo analysis 2011; SinCo+RisCura data; 2011 © International Finance Corporation (IFC)

3
6
7
12
8
11
14
8
6
5
12
7
31
39
2
4
5
2
8
4
5
9
14
15
11
22
26
25
3
3
3
2
4
6
4
6
7
10
8
34
19
22
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Automobiles parts
Transport and shipping
Food, beverage and tobacco
Chemicals
Travel leisure
Gas, water multi-utilities
Forestry paper
Construction materials
Pharmaceuticals/healthcare
Telecommunications
Electricity
Banking and financial services
Mining
Oil gas producers
Stakeholders' perspectives on ESG awareness from industries in Africa are
today
[14 options + other option; n = 47 stakeholders; January 2010 - April 2011]
Environmental
Social
Governance
www.sincosinco.com/siinssa


Defining sustainability: …ESG and a string of issues

15

2
3
3
8
9
9
10
13
13
14
19
27
28
3
1
4
8
5
5
2
7
6
8
26
25
24
3
4
2
12
10
13
8
10
7
13
22
34
30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Non financial risks (risk mitigation) and
Other (e.g. depending on client mandate,
Political stability / sustainability
Long term period factor
Infrastructure factors (including legal and
Conservation factors
Economic factors (esp. country and
Financial factors
Stakeholder factors
Business Performance factors
Governance factors
Environmental factors
Social factors
How do you define sustainability? What sustainability issues - environmental, social or
corporate governance - are front of mind for you in Africa today?
[open-ended; top 10 responses; n= 52 PE investors + 46 asset owners and managers + 59 stakeholders
PE investors
Asset owners and asset
managers
Stakeholders
•  Definition of “sustainable investment” used by the IFC - an umbrella term for all investment techniques
that integrate environmental, social and governance (ESG) value-drivers into financial research and investment processes”



Ten years: …range of ESG issues, and prioritization

16
6

6

8

12

13

16

17

18

21

21

24

29

31

44

9

12

12

13

24

21

15

16

22

27

17

20

32

37

15

11

5

18

23

8

12

16

17

31

15

16

37

34

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Biodiversity.
Micro-finance, micro-insurance.
Gender Diversity.
Emissions of greenhouse gases.
HIV/AIDS.
Broad-Based Black Economic
Product Health, Safety and Nutrition
Human and Indigenous Peoples
Jobs creation [“decent paying” jobs].
Water scarcity or sanitation.
Environmental Management
Employee Relations, Safety and
Infrastructure Development.
Corporate Governance.
Performance impact of ESG Factors 3-10 Years
[n= 97 investors (51 PE investors) + 46 stakeholders; forced ranking 14 answers, very/somewhat/marginally/not important;
Jan'10-Feb'11; SinCo analysis 2010-11]
Private Equity - Very Important
Investors (excluding PE) - Very Important
Stakeholders - Very Important



Drivers and barriers: …carrots, sticks and inertia

The primary drivers of SI
identified by participants in this
study were:

1.  Good investment returns (a
record of premium from ESG
integration)

2.  Explicit and tangible ESG
benefits/impact

3.  More information

4.  Government/regulator
incentives

5.  Demands from clients/
investor mandate/shareholder
pressure.

The top five barriers cited participants in
this study were:

1.  Lack of adequate information to evaluate
investment target ESG-related performance

2.  Lack of evidence that ESG factors increase
financial returns

3.  High costs of implementing ESG investment

4.  Lack of appropriately skilled advisors and
necessary expertise

5.  Short-term reporting against prospect of
long-term returns.

Barriers also include the “investment-as-usual”
approach, the perception that SI consists of
“ethical” investment and/or negative screening,
and the specialized “language of sustainability”.

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“More capital available to pursue ESG mandates…Increased returns, higher exit values, due to ESG…
There has to be a business by business basis to try and get help to improve attractiveness. Standards don't
really help, but increased awareness on governance and more board training would help.Also being realistic
about what can be achieved.” – composite verbatim comments



Drivers: Making Sustainable Investment Attractive

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More capital available to pursue ESG mandates…Increased returns, higher exit values, due to ESC…Find a GP that is
highly skilled and knowledgeable on ESG and the other risk issues…There has to be a business by business basis to try
and get help to improve attractiveness. Standards don't really help, but increased awareness on governance and more
board training would help.Also being realistic about what can be achieved. – composite answers


Perceived Key Drivers to Sustainable Investing in Sub-Saharan Africa
open-ended; n= 41 asset owners managers + 43 PE investors + 43 stakeholders; Jan'10-Jan'11; Interviews SinCo analysis 2010-2011
Private Equity Asset Owners and Asset Managers Stakeholders
Good Investment / Financial Returns 35% Good Investment / Financial
Returns
44% Good Investment / Financial
Returns
38%
More Information Available 26% Tangible ESG Benefits / Impact 22% = Tangible ESG Benefits / Impact
= Incentives from governments,
regulators
27%
Incentives from governments,
regulators
22% Demand from clients; investor
mandatel shareholder pressure
17% More information available 18%
Demand from clients; investor
17% Incentives from governments,
regulators
12% Proven risk reduction 13%
Explicit SI/ESG Impact 15% More information available 7% Demand from clients; investor
9%
Please note: The respondents, answering an open ended question, could integrate more than one drive to their answers.


Roles: Impact on Practice of Asset Management

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“We have a different background, for e.g. these factors cannot be included into the restructuring and divestment
process….ESG will take some time…The drive is from the outside in…In PE mainstream it is not particularly helpful.
Work from markets is at the leading edge. Country reports are limited.” – composite investor responses.


6
9
19
20
21
25
30
6
25
20
17
18
23
25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Recruiting investment professionals
Research
New client asset gathering
Portfolio management
Investment selection
Marketing
Risk management
Investment Roles and ESG: how ESG will become more important in Next 5
Years
[forced ranking; 7 options; n = 49 PE investors + 45 asset owners and managers; January 2010 - February 2011]
Private Equity Investors - Strongly Agree Asset Owners and Asset Managers - Strongly Agree


Impact on practice of asset management

20
“We have a different background, for e.g. these factors cannot be included into the restructuring and divestment
process….ESG will take some time…The drive is from the outside in…In PE mainstream it is not particularly helpful.
Work from markets is at the leading edge. Country reports are limited.” – composite investor responses.

6
9
19
20
21
25
30
6
25
20
17
18
23
25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Recruiting investment
professionals
Research
New client asset gathering
Portfolio management
Investment selection
Marketing
Risk management
Investment Roles ESG: how ESG is more important in next 5 years
[forced ranking; 7 options; n = 49 PE investors + 45 asset owners and managers; Jan 2010 - Feb 2011]
Private Equity Investors - Strongly Agree
Asset Owners and Asset Managers - Strongly Agree


Supply: ESG in PE Investment Lifecycle

21
“Future: Fund-raising is incidental to the process and may screen out GPs unaware of ESG issues. ESG is helping
mitigate risks in portfolio: ESG manages risks and enhances returns…Higher corporate governance means higher exit.
Greater all around return…No view on exit.There will be demands from investors for higher ESG intergration going into
the future.” – composite of investor responses


77% 82%
87%
59%
14%
13%
8%
30%
3% 3%
6% 5% 5% 8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Fund-raising Due diligence Fund management Fund/company exit
How ESG is used in the PE investment lifecycle
[Forced 4 answer choices; n= 48 PE Investors; January 2010 - February 2011]
Never Seldom Sometimes Often


Leaders: …which brands and franchises are most
respected?

22


Perceived Sustainable Investment Market Leaders in sub-Saharan Africa
n= 29 stakeholders + 28 PE investors + 25 asset owners managers; open ended questions. SinCo analysis of SinCo+RisCura data. January 2010
- May 2011
Private equity Asset Owners and asset managers Stakeholders
IFC / World Bank 36% Futuregrowth / Old Mutual
Investment Group (OMIGSA)
28% GEPF 14%
Other DFIs, funding agencies,
development banks
14% GEPF 24% Old Mutual (Futuregrowth /
Community Growth)
14%
= Mining / Resources Companies
(i.e. oil etc.)
= CDC
= Old Mutual Investment Group
South Africa (OMIGSA)
= FMO
11% IFC / World Bank 20% Element Investment Management 14%
= Equity Bank
= PE Firms / Venture Funds
7% Element Investment Management 20% PE Firms / Venture Funds 10%
PIC 16% IFC / World Bank 10%
Note: Respondents to the open-ended question could provide more than one perceived sustainable investment market leader.


Markets: …numbers adding up to sizeable market

23
1.  The percentage of respondents self-reporting that they manage assets for DFIs (which by deﬁnition requires ESG integration in investment mandates).

2.  The percentage of respondents (PE and general asset management) self-reporting their ﬁrms use a fully integrated ESG strategy applied to the majority
of their investments.

3.  The self-reported gross AUM from members/signatories of initiatives such as the CDP or Principles for Responsible Investment.



Understanding the powerful role of advisors

24
24%
17%
11%9%
7%
6%
6%
6%
6%
4%
2% 2%0%
Promoting sustainable investment in Sub-Saharan Africa and greater awareness of ESG
issues among investment organizations and professionals in the next 3-10 years
[14 answer options; n=43 stakeholders; Jan 2010-May 2011]
Asset owners [e.g. pension fund trustees]
Other options
Asset consultants
Accounting or auditing standards bodies
Practitioner networks [e.g. PRI, AfricaSIF etc]
Finance and investment regulatory authorities
International organisations (World Bank, UN, OECD)
Environmental regulatory authorities
Business schools
Professional bodies (e.g. CFA Institute)
Stock exchanges
Business/investment media
Civil society/NGOs

Private Equity in Africa Sustainable Investment Brieﬁngs

sincosinco.com/peacchis

Project:

Client:

sincosinco.com

ifc.org

25

www.sincosinco.com. |


26

African private equity and infrastructure…viewed as better 3 year bets

  Investors moving to longer term investment strategies for Africa, rather than more speculative short-term bets. In key
African markets, investors worry more about technical risks than political or macroeconomic risks.

  Institutional investors plan to increase their allocation to African markets in the coming ﬁve years. 20% had zero
current Africa allocation, in investors US$10bn, 33%. Most have as part of global emerging/frontier markets. By 2016,
expect 5% of fund value may be allocated to Africa. allocation.

Source: Into Africa: Institutional investor intentions to 2016, Invest AD + Economist Intelligence Unit, January 2012

Notes: Online survey of 158 institutional investors Aug – Sep 2011 by EIU includes insurane and pension funds, private banks, wealth managers, hedge funds, and mutual
funds, 22% have US$22bn AuM, split amongst North America, Europe,Asia-Paciﬁc, Middle East, and Africa.

www.sincosinco.com. |


27

Institutional investors in Africa…expect development outcomes

  …

Source: Into Africa: Institutional investor intentions to 2016, Invest AD + Economist Intelligence Unit, January 2012

Notes: Online survey of 158 institutional investors Aug – Sep 2011 by EIU includes insurane and pension funds, private banks, wealth managers, hedge funds, and mutual
funds, 22% have US$22bn AuM, split amongst North America, Europe,Asia-Paciﬁc, Middle East, and Africa.




One Year Later:

  IFC always needs to prove the success of their work, including reports. In our conversations with investors and
stakeholders, the audience for SI in SSA either has not fully read and digested it, or has not built on its ﬁndings.

  Overview of SI in SSA and 5 recommendations

  Update key data on marketplace, supply demand of ESG products services

  SI in SSA AUM summary table as per little 2-pager Issue Brief

  PE growth in SSA pg 49 – may not have been much change here

  Portfolio/funds supply table

  funds with exposure in Africa

  SA speciﬁc tables

  Proxy voting graphs as per “SpoiltVotes”

  Changes in AO + AM + PE policy/reporting/activity

  Opinions from project people on why SI in SSA matters/-ed what it's impact was/was not

  Published August 2012

28

+1




One Year Later: ESG greenwashing?

  Regulation 28: The updated Regulation 28 of the Pension Funds Act 24/1956 in South Africa, language and principles were expanded to
include the concept of ESG, and in Principle IX an explicit reference to ESG (on top of references to BEE).

  Code for Responsible Investment in South Africa (CRISA): The launch of a voluntary investor initiative to increase stewardship
followed similar work in Europe (voluntary in UK Stewardship Code (2010), regulation in Denmark CSR reporting, (2009) and Indonesia.
Tensions between stakeholders may be expected.The Integrated Reporting Initiative (IRI) has been adopted by the JSE as an outcome of King
III, and will meet the demand for material non-financial information.

  Sustainable Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa Report: Investment practitioner views of sustainable investment in private equity
and asset management in South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya (IFC, July 2011) determined the state and trajectory of SI in South Africa, Nigeria, and
Kenya, and provides recommendations to stimulate sustainable investment over the next five years.

  Spoilt Votes Proxy Voting Report: The landscape report of proxy voting at South African asset managers by Jimmy Winfield, University
of Cape Town noted “[i]t is clear from this study that the proxy voting space for asset managers in South Africa is underdeveloped.The
importance of active stewardship of assets has been flagged in South Africa at least since the mid-1990s.

  Dirty Feet : Portfolio Carbon Report Analyzing the risks and opportunities to largest 10 unit trusts and largest 40 companies on the
Johannesburg Securities Exchange from the pricing of externalities in 2011.There is a need for major S.A. JSE-listed companies to clearly
articulate to shareholders, policymakers and regulators their plans and practices in managing their carbon footprints and ESG issues. There is
also a clear case for comprehensive, mandatory company reporting on carbon in annual reports accounts.

  Updated IFC ES Framework / Equator Principles 3: The Environmental and Social (ES) Performance Standards, an integral part
of the Framework, have become a global benchmark for ES risk management used by over 100 financial institutions worldwide, including 77
project financers and banks signatories to the Equator Principles .The IFC Sustainability Framework effective on January 1, 2012, incorporate
modifications on challenging issues that are increasingly important to sustainable businesses, including supply-chain management, resource
efficiency and climate change, ecosystem services, labor practices and human rights.

  UNFCCC COP17 but record CO2: Hosted in Durban, South Africa, the 17th Conference of the Parties (COP17) to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ended in “extra time” with a weak resolve to move to something substantive from
2015, to be enforced from 2020. Global carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil-fuel combustion reached a record high of 31.6 gigatonnes
(Gt) in 2011 .

  Rio+20 conference in June 2012: “At the close of the Rio+20 Earth Summit, heads of state and ministers from more than 190 nations signed
off on a plan to set global sustainable development goals and other measures to strengthen global environmental management, tighten protection the
oceans, improve food security and promote a green economy.”

29




About Sustainable Returns Project

  Sustainable Returns Project is an industry-led initiative to integrate environmental, social, and corporate governance
considerations into the mainstream of retirement industry investment practices in Southern Africa.The project features a
pioneering partnership between the Principal Officers Association (POA) and IFC (International Finance Corporation) to position
southern African practitioners at the forefront of global best practice. Launched in December 2011, the project will run until
December 2013.The project will provide a consistent framework and set of tools for retirement funds to comply with the new
Regulation 28 of South Africa’s Pension Funds Act and the Code for Responsible Investing in South Africa (CRISA).

  Supported by funding from the Norwegian Government, the initiative was convened in 2011 by the Principal Officers
Association of South Africa (POA), IFC, the Government Employees Pension Fund (GEPF), and the Association for Savings and
Investment South Africa (ASISA).

  It is led by a Steering Committee of high-level representatives from the Financial Services Board (FSB), NationalTreasury of
South Africa, Banking Association of South Africa (BASA), Botswana Public Officers Pension Fund, Congress of South African
Trade Unions (COSATU), Debswana Pension Fund, Federation of Unions of South Africa (FEDUSA), Financial Planning Institute
(FPI), Government Institutions Pension Fund Namibia (GIPF), Institute of Directors (IoD), Institute of Retirement funds (IRF);
National Council ofTrade Unions (NACTU), Pension Lawyers Association, South African Institute of Chartered Accountants
(SAICA), Southern AfricaVenture Capital Association (SAVCA),Telkom Pension Fund, and the UN-backed Principles for
Responsible Investment (PRI).

30

Sustainable Returns for Pensions Society Project

Project:

Client:

sincosinco.com

ifc.org

31

sincosinco.com/sustainable-returns-for-pensions-and-society.php

poa.org.za




New primary research on retirement fund investment value chain,
insights on ESG integration

32

  Referencing to 2007 survey of asset
owners, investment managers and
advisors

  RFIVC paper covers new material on
ESG factors in investment decisions,
attitudes, investment decisions proxy
voting

  Referencing to 2011 survey of asset owners,
investment managers and stakeholders in SA,
Kenya Nigeria

  RFIVC paper covers new insights on
investment decisions, education and timelines,
expert opinions on drivers in RFIVC and role
of investment management

  Large Funds Survey Output supplementary report




Analysis from primary research

33

Large funds survey

•  71 survey responses

•  From 156 funds universe from IRF + POA

•  Distribution via IRF + POA to 3 roles: chair, chair of investment committee, PO

•  38 large funds representing 2,273,792 active members contributing (averaging
59,836/fund), 453,034 beneficiaries (averaging 12,943/fund).

Influence makers survey

•  44 expert interviews/survey respondents

•  Contacts from SinCo expert networks

•  Responding in personal capacity

•  Diversity of representation from retirement funds,
advisors, services providers, investors, stock exchanges,
law and media

Steercom survey

•  12 responses from steering
committee members

•  Representing 12/15 major
stakeholders

•  Incomplete submissions from
respondents

•  Gaps in respondents

•  Approach to primary research shifted as responses lagged in Q2 2012.

•  See Report for list of responding funds, experts, and SteerCcom respondents

Four steps

1. Review secondary research
including media and reports

2.Analyzed findings from 3 survey
groups, reviewed with UNISA

3. Feedback from peer reviewers
and PMC editorial

4. Final report including appendix
of survey responses and
stakeholder report.

Responses below
expectations,
supplemented by
expert and
Steercom insights

Material for
RFIVC paper and
information
inputs for Phases
II III




Report 1: Deﬁning Momentum: The retirement fund investment value
chain and the state of ESG in South Africa

  Executive Summary

  1.

Introduction

  2.

InvestmentValue Chain

  3.

Retirement Investing Systems

  4.

A Brief History Of ESG In RSA

  5.

2011:The ESG Tipping Point?

  6.

Answering Questions

  7.

The Language of ESG

  8.

Big vs Small Funds

  9.

DB vs DC Funds Investing

  10.

Investment Knowledge

  11.

Fund Roles

  12.

Collaboration

  13.

Reporting

  14.

A Co-designed Future

  15.

Some Conclusions

  Recommendations

  Footnotes

34




Report 1: Defining Momentum: The retirement fund investment
value chain and the state of ESG in South Africa

  Retirement funds investment practices in 2012 demonstrate awareness of the challenges/opportunities, the need
for education and ESG integration. Investment decisions in a growing African economy in the 21st century are
made within parameters of fiduciary duty and regulation, competitive investment market realities and demands
from stakeholders.Will momentum for investment integrating environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors
overcome the inertia of investment-as-usual, moving from investment policy to fund practices?

Executive summary

1.  Retirement fund investments must deliver for their final client – the pensioner.

2.  Retirement funds are major investors.

3.  The retirement fund investment value chain (RFIVC) is increasingly complex

4.  Investment with environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors is new.

Conclusions

Drawing together some conclusions in this research, in summary:

  Investment returns are critical

  Developed retirement system

  Gatekeepers control information

  Funds ESG responses differ

  Investment value chain limited

35




Growing fund assets “What is the proper role of retirement
funds in a growing economy in Africa in 2012?”


  “Ideally, the role of retirement funds (and therefore their investors) should be to follow long term investment strategies, and
guide capital to those companies/ventures with a long term, sustainable proposition…securing long-term returns…with it many
opportunities but also risks; it's important that all these are taken into account - after all, it is people's retirements being
invested.”

  Specific role is to provide sustainable returns for their beneficiaries with the flow on effect of providing income in retirement.
This can have positive benefits for both the economy and society.”

  “I expect Parastatal and Government funds to play a role in infrastructure funding, but other funds will only start do so if
regulation / legislation enforces it.

  “Massive and growing because retirement savings are spreading throughout the region.”

  Mobilisation of savings/capital to enable economic growth and thereby ensuring a sustainable retirement prospect for
members / economy.”

  Maximise returns”

  “Investment professionals need strong pressure to move away from short term pressures - not sure CRISA in its present form
will do it

n=33; open-ended question; interviews and online survey of experts by SinCo for IFC+POA+IRF, March – May 2012.

36




Understanding the inﬂuence on investment decisions 1/2

37




Weak observed demand for ESG

38

0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Demand for environment issues
Demand for governance issues
Demand for social issues
Demand for B-BBEE issues
What proportion (if any) of your FUND members are demanding the FUND include
environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations into your investment
policy statement?
80%+ 20 80% 5 20% 1% 5% 1%
n=26;
4
answer
opEons
with
5
categories;
online
survey
of
156
reErement
funds
by
SinCo
+
UNISA
for
IFC+POA+IRF
March
–
May
2012




Are funds inactive stewards?
How many times in 2011 did your FUND vote your fund proxies differently to your
fund manager/s [house view]?

39

55%
14%
14%
0% 10%
4%
3%
No votes Never vote 0 5 5 10 10+ Do not know Other:
n=29; 7 answer options; online survey of 156 retirement funds by SinCo + UNISA for IFC+POA+IRF, March – May 2012




Shifting barriers
What are the 3 biggest obstacles to incorporating ESG factors into your FUND's
investment policies/strategies?

Top-ranked barriers

Large funds survey

  Lack of information

  Not justiﬁed by business/investment case

  Unrealistic to expect our fund to meet the
same ESG standards applied globally

Most frequently cited barriers


  Lack of expertise

  Not justiﬁed by business/investment case

n=57; 10 answer options with 3 ranking scale; online survey of
experts by SinCo for IFC+POA+IRF, March – May 2012


  Other more important priorities


  Lack of staff /experienced staff

  Other more important priorities,

  Lack of expertise


n=32; 10 answer options with 3 ranking scale; online
survey of experts by SinCo for IFC+POA+IRF, March – May
2012

40




Answering Right Questions Lessons about fund fraud

What ONE thing have you / your FUND learned about responsible investment from the disaster of the Canyon Springs /
Trilinear Empowerment Trust / Sactwu disappearance of R100+ million of workers' retirement fund assets?

Large funds survey

  “Conﬂict of Interests, corruption, lack of governance”

  “[D]on't know what it entails.”

  “ESG principles are a worthwhile consideration.”

  “Proper Governance which includes providing enough information to Boards ofTrustees through detailed reporting mechanisms”

  “There needs to be good discussion and debate at investment committee level where investments and investment performance
is critically evaluated.”

  “Understand the product/service provider you're investing in.You need to ask whether the investment is suitable for your Fund
needs.There is no substitute for a proper due diligence before investing.”

  “Corporate governance in the retirement industry sucks”

  “Despite early detection, no action from the regulatory authorities has led to members suffering ﬁnancially”

  “To be diligent and not invest if you do not see a track record and know the integrity of the players involved.”

n=35; open-ended question; online survey of 156 retirement funds by SinCo + UNISA for IFC+POA+IRF March – May 2012

41




Looking forward growing ESG

“In the next 5 years, to make investment that integrates ESG factors (more) attractive to INVESTORS like you, what is the ONE
thing you need to see happen?”


  “The only thing that will make it more attractive is to illustrate success”

  “The impact of ESG factors on corporate value needs to be better understood, quantiﬁed and incorporated into investment
analysis.”

  “Asset owners (not managers) must devise their own policies and communicate them to their managers.”

  “More studies on the linkage between performance and ESG integration and increased effort into trustee training”

  “Proof that it supports investment returns and that it is not simply a way to justify mediocre returns or new high-margin
products for investment houses”

  “The carbon tax needs to be implemented – a reality check of note”

  “Education of trustees and advisors”

  “Invest the time and resources to create the awareness and accountability and knowledge around the issues of ESG.”

n=33; open-ended question; online survey of inﬂuence makers by SinCo for IFC+POA+IRF, March – May 2012.

42




43




AfricaSIF.org Marketplace Trends Report 2012

  “Given Africa’s new identity as a land of possibility, the marketplace cannot afford to overlook the
importance of integrating sustainability issues in investment decisions. Africa is still in dire need of
capital that can bring about sustainable economic and social transformation. In this vein, we at
AfricaSIF saw an urgent need to create an independent pan-African not-for-proﬁt network,
knowledgebase and advocate promoting sustainable investment across the continent.We believe that
AfricaSIF is well-positioned to play a key role as one of the strong institutional supports that ushers in
Africa next sustainability evolution.” - Kelebogile Moloko, CIO at Prowess Investment Management
and co-founder of AfricaSIF.org.

1. AfricaSIF.org Marketplace Trends Report 2012 #AfricaTR2012

  maximum 30 pages + appendixes report due November 2012

  deﬁnitions and survey methodology in line with global SIFs

  asset size broken down by strategy, investor type, and by country

2. Global Sustainable Investment Trends Marketplace Report 2012 #GTR2012

  Africa region coverage for global SIFs report due December 2012

  maximum 2 pages summary, using global SIF methodology

  http://www.africasif.org/marketplace-and-trends-report.php

44




APPENDIX




Tracking progress of pension funds in SA

  Fernandez: ESG principles must be integrated into investment process. Beware of 'short-termism',
the Achilles heel.”

  ESG in your investment process is an assessment and valuation tool and not a harsh and blunt
screening process.”

  Retirees workers on retirement: It's scary..A lot of people I know can't retire..I am going to have
rely on govt pension”

  24% of #pension funds report resignations to access savings to pay short term debt.”

  Unions should be getting involved in education around ﬁnancial literacy. ~ Isaac Ramputa

  Pension funds target inﬂation, peer groups and the index rather than ESG issues as set out by CRISA”

  Role of employer and service providers to pension funds should be to build skills of trustees. - Isaac
Ramputa

  73% of the funds don't have an ESG policy in place

  King 3 allows companies a cop out - either comply or explain. Interrogate those explanations. ~
Cora Fernandez

  Launch of Sanlam Benchmark Survey 2012 , Midrand South Africa, 25 July 2012 #sanlambenchmark http://
www.sanlambenchmark.co.za/

46

Private Client Briefing on Sustainable Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa August 2011 | © SinCo + RisCura 2011

Recommendations: Grow SSA Sustainable Investment
Market

Recommendations

A systematic approach will encourage integration of ESG factors in investment decisions in Sub-Saharan
Africa building on the momentum of the small but committed best practice examples in evidence, especially
in the largest investment market, South Africa, as well as the enabling investment regulatory and investment
policy contexts for PE and SI/ESG emerging in Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa. The report makes the
following recommendations:

1.  Key influencers to drive messaging: The SI message should be presented in the language of
investors, and should be driven by the end clients – the asset owners – appealing to advisors and leading
asset managers open to exploring advances in institutional investment practice.

2.  Streamline reporting: Reduce information gathering and execution costs by streamlining the ESG
reporting approaches of major investors (especially the DFIs), and increasing comparability of ESG
impacts (and therefore the utility) through common reporting guidelines for PE .

3.  Leverage local knowledge: Leverage local and regional insights in sustainable investment to
integrate into new global best practices, profiling advances in integrating ESG factors into investment
practice in frontier and emerging markets by asset owners and asset managers in the region.

4.  Make the investment case: presenting the sustainable investment case to make the proposition
that SI has the potential to generate increased returns and/or reduced risks across all asset classes.

5.  Keep score: Performance metrics and analysis is fundamental to investment. Investors need to
measure investment performance and ESG impact. Regular Africa and SSA surveys of sustainable
investment products, portfolios, and performance are required, along with benchmarking through a
regional sustainability index .

47

Private Client Briefing on Sustainable Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa August 2011 | © SinCo + RisCura 2011

Background

48
ABOUT SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT 2011

Written by Graham Sinclair of SinCo, with Roselyne Yao. Analysis based on research 2010 – 2011 by SinCo and RisCura, led by
Malcolm Fair. Project management by Cecilia Bjerborn IFC. This report was commissioned by IFC through its Sustainable Investing
Unit in the Sustainable Business Advisory Department. The conclusions and judgments contained in this report should not be
attributed to, and do not necessarily represent the views of, IFC or its Board of Directors, or the World Bank or its Executive
Directors, or the countries they represent. IFC and the World Bank do not guarantee the accuracy of the data in this publication and
accept no responsibility for any consequences of their use.

ABOUT IFC

IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, creates opportunities for people to escape poverty and improve their lives. We foster
sustainable economic growth in developing countries by supporting private sector development, mobilizing private capital, and
providing advisory and risk mitigation services to businesses and governments.

ABOUT SinCo

SinCo, the sustainable investment consulting firm, is a boutique investment advisory specialist in sustainable investment architecture
in frontier and emerging markets. SinCo engagements deliver innovative policies, strategies and indexes that move our clients up the
learning and experience curves smarter. Since 2006, SinCo has integrated environment, social and governance (ESG) factors into
investment processes for institutional investors, private equity funds, stock exchanges and international organizations promoting
long-term sustainable investment performance.

ABOUT RisCura

With offices in London, Cape Town, Johannesburg and Windhoek, RisCura is a premier independent financial analytics provider and
investment consultant with significant expertise in Africa. RisCura services seven of Africa’s ten largest pension funds that represent
more than USD 115 billion AUM, as well as money managers who together represent over USD 5 billion in hedge fund AUM and PE
committed capital. In addition, RisCura Fundamentals is the leading provider of independent valuation, risk and performance analysis
services to investors in unlisted instruments in Africa. RisCura Team on IFC/SinCo Project 2010-2011 include: Malcolm Fair
(Director and Head of RisCura Analytics), Rory Ord (Head of RisCura Fundamentals), Claire Rentzke (Head of Manager Research:
RisCura Consulting), Jacobus Troveri (Head of RisCura Transition), Kerry Kilcullen Sinclair (Head of Marketing), Thibaut Takadong,
Nischal Baijnath, David Moore, Madelein van Wyk (RisCura Consulting Namibia), Rebecca Smith and Daria Alkhovik (RisCura
Operations).




49

About SinCo team: Graham Sinclair

Graham Sinclair is Principal at SinCo, where his roles include sustainable investment strategist, ESG
architect and global project leader.

  Graham has eight years specialist experience in sustainable investment globally after eight years in pensions
consulting and investment banking in Africa. Recent consulting engagements in sustainable investment include leading
IFC-funded research into private equity and liquid equity ESG strategies in sub-Saharan Africa in South Africa, Kenya
and Nigeria to be published in 2011, developing innovative financing mechanisms strategy and ESG index architecture
for developed, emerging and frontier markets for a Swiss-based international organization, and for a global
institutional investment firm in NewYork with a US$ one trillion AUM portfolio, designing ESG architecture across
private equity, liquid and global real estate portfolios covering philosophy and process innovations and investment
strategies. Currently he provides index architecture and stakeholder engagement for the Istanbul Stock Exchange
Sustainability Index.

  As consultant to the UN, Graham developed strategy for 25 emerging markets and launched PRI in Emerging
Markets project in Q2 2007 for UNEP FI, creating a network infrastructure, building relationships with 108 investor
stakeholders including in Africa through 2008. Before launching the sustainable investment advisory boutique SinCo in
2006 in Boston, he was Product Manager at KLD Research Analytics, Inc adding to his background in pension funds
and asset management.

  Graham is a former contributor to the CSR Initiative at Harvard Kennedy School, Distinguished Member of Net
Impact, alum of WWF One Planet Leaders programme and the Tallberg Forum New Leaders Program. He currently
leads the AfricaSIF Project building an independent, pan-African not-for-profit Africa Sustainable Investment Forum
network at africasif.org, member of ASISA’s Responsible Investment sub-committee, and a member of Investment
Analysts Association of South Africa, and the Network for Sustainable Financial Markets. He has lectured at more
than 25 graduate schools globally, and the most recently published work is chapters on Private Equity, Indexes and
Africa to Evolutions in Sustainable Investing [Wiley Business, 2011].

  Graham earned his MBA on scholarship atVillanova University in the USA where he co-managed the Arnone-Lerer
SRI Fund equity portfolio in 2004. He holds a B.Com from the University of Natal and LL.B from the Howard
College School of Law as well as numerous industry specialist certifications. He holds diplomas in retirement funds
and insurance law, and in 1998 he was one of the youngest ever dual-FILPAs. He resides in Cape, South Africa and
Vermont, USA.

Graham Sinclair

Principal

SinCo

sincosinco.com

1 August 1970

South African

B.Com 1991, LL.B 1994, MBA 2004

Dip.RFM 1997, IISA 1998, ILPA
1999

IASSA, ELP, WWF OPL, USSIF.org
AfricaSIF.org

Experience in over 25 countries

English,Afrikaans

University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business Research Seminar What is the State of Sustainable Investment in Africa?

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