The student atlas is something we’ve grown up with at school, teaching us the principles of geography and the power of location. As the internet and mobile technology sweep into the modern classroom, publishers require a ‘design once, publish many’ approach to creating this fundamental tool. This paper will introduce you to the research done to date on a multi-published workflow and will tease from you your thoughts on the fundamental design characteristics - what works and what doesn’t.
12. RESEARCH OBJECT IVES
HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF STUDENT AT LAS PUBL ISHING
BEST PRACT ICE IN MAP DESIGN FOR PRINT & WEB
D E V E L O P ‘ D E S I G N O P E R A T O R S ’
MUL T I -PUBL ISHED AT LAS SPECI F ICAT IONS
USER TEST ING
CONCEPTUAL WORKF LOW
14. HOW TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH AF FECTED
THE DESIGN OF STUDENT AT LASES
15. T IMEL INE
1890s 1920s 1940s 1970s 1990s 2000s
Source: National Library of Australia & Alfred Deakin Prime Ministerial Library, Deakin University, 2011
27. DESIGN INF LUENCED BY RESEARCH
FOUNDAT ION RESEARCH ST I L L RELEVANT
TECHNOLOGY DRIVES PRODUCT ION METHODS,
INF LUENCES DESIGN
28. BEST
PRACT ICE IN
MAP DESIGN
Philips Modern Commonwealth Atlas 4th Ed, 1969
29. COLOUR
CHOOSE A COLOUR PALET TE THAT WORKS
IN BOTH CMYK & RGB
USE COLOUR FOR ASSOCIAT ION AND DI F FERENT IAT ION
O F A D E S I G N ’ S E L E M E N T S
PROVIDE ADEQUATE CONTRAST BETWEEN
TEXT AND BACKGROUND
30. SYMBOLS
D I S P L A Y A T A S I Z E & S H A P E T H A T ’ S R E A D I L Y D I S C E R N I B L E
DESIGN SYMBOLS AT 1 : 1 SCALE BEING DISPLAYED
DESIGNS DISCERNIBLE FROM ONE ANOTHER
DESIGNS SHOULD BE FAMI L IAR AND MEANINGFUL
31. FONTS
USE FONTS DESIGNED FOR ON -SCREEN READING
LARGE X-HEIGHT CHARACTERS ARE MORE LEGIBLE
SANS SERI F FONTS ARE PREFERRED
DEVELOP HIERARCHY
32. L INES
USE FONTS DESIGNED FOR ON -SCREEN READING
LARGE X-HEIGHT CHARACTERS ARE MORE LEGIBLE
SANS SERI F FONTS ARE PREFERRED
DEVELOP HIERARCHY
34. MINIMUM SPECI F ICAT IONS FOR SYMBOL SI ZE,
FONT SI ZE, L INE WEIGHT FOR PRINT & SCREEN
35. SYMBOLS - MINIMUM ICON SI ZE PRINT
SYMBOLS - MINIMUM ICON SI ZE SCREEN 1 2PX*
FONTS - MINIMUM SI ZE PRINT 6PT
FONTS - MINIMUM SI ZE SCREEN 9PX*
L INES - MINIMUM SI ZE PRINT 0 . 2 5PT
L INES - MINIMUM SI ZE SCREEN 1PX*
45. A S S U M E D ‘ D E S I G N O P E R A T O R S ’
SYMBOLS - 1 : 1 CONVERT MM TO PX
FONTS - FONT POINT SI ZE X 1 . 7 5
L INES - L INEWEIGHT IN INCHES X MONI TOR RES. PPI
57. ACCESS
VOLUNTARY
ANONYMOUS
h t t p s : / / c a r t d e c o . t y p e f o rm. c om/ t o / h nO5Cl
1 0 MINUTES TO COMPLETE
REQUIRE DI F FERENT RESOLUT ION DEVICES
production of 7th and 8th edition of Jacaranda Atlas for Wiley
developed updated design, using latest global spatial datasets
production using Esri ArcGIS for major map plates
thematic maps done using Adobe Illustrator
digital atlas developed for 7th edition
print files used to create digital maps
presented using Flash online
iPad released around this time
iOS app developed
final art unintentionally altered in the development process
issues with fonts, resolution of artwork, label placement
in summary, re-use of print artwork gave unsatisfactory results
not designed for screen use
Flash-based website not suitable for iOS delivery
issues encountered led me to develop Masters research project at RMIT under Prof. Bill Cartwright supervision
broad objective:
how technology and cartographic research affected design of student atlases
student atlas have been published in Australia since the 1870s
early editions contained a few pages of maps, whilst more recent atlases contained over 300 pages of maps and curriculum exercises
early editions, like this Pearson atlas was printed in black and white. Some editions were hand coloured (for an extra cost)
style was similar to existing atlas maps
no design consideration for a younger audience
text was often placed on a curve
sans serif fonts were used
hachures used to present relief
lithographic printing technology - designs were etched onto copper plates (in reverse) by lithographers from cartographers designs
no cartographic research had been done to this point in time
early editions, like this Pearson atlas was printed in black and white. Some editions were hand coloured (for an extra cost)
style was similar to existing atlas maps
no design consideration for a younger audience
text was often placed on a curve
sans serif fonts were used
hachures used to present relief
lithographic printing technology - designs were etched onto copper plates (in reverse) by lithographers from cartographers designs
no cartographic research had been done to this point in time
chromolithography introduced second colour
content becoming simplified for the audience
some cartographic research being done in Germany
serif and sans serif fonts being used
curved labels still being used
transport and industry featuring on the map
chromolithography introduced second colour
content becoming simplified for the audience
some cartographic research being done in Germany
serif and sans serif fonts being used
curved labels still being used
transport and industry featuring on the map
multi-colour printing becoming established
simplified content
research now established - Arthur Robinson ‘The Look of Maps’
hierarchy of features
relief shown using hypsometric tints - green - yellow - red
multi-colour printing becoming established
simplified content
research now established - Arthur Robinson ‘The Look of Maps’
hierarchy of features
relief shown using hypsometric tints - green - yellow - red
offset printing made production easier and more cost effective
research established - hypsometric colours altered, red seen as confusing
sans serif fonts preferred over serif
colour introduced to text (hydro features)
offset printing made production easier and more cost effective
research established - hypsometric colours altered, red seen as confusing
sans serif fonts preferred over serif
colour introduced to text (hydro features)
GIS production of maps
spatial datasets used
simplified design
no serif fonts
relief shading and land cover used instead of hypsometry
research into map reading by children established by Wiegand
GIS production of maps
spatial datasets used
simplified design
no serif fonts
relief shading and land cover used instead of hypsometry
research into map reading by children established by Wiegand
after 1950s design influenced by researchers such as Robinson, Wiegand, Brewer and others.
foundation research still relevant today in creating map designs
technology (lithography, offset printing, GIS) drives production methods, which enhanced design.
second research objective - determine design best practice and minimum standards