Countries of South America By: Katie Jenaway, Stephanie Chu, Ketu Patel, and Danielle Strassburg Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Columbia Ecuador Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela

Overall Culture Main Ethnic Groups Caucasian, African, and Indian Languages Spanish is official language in 9 countries Many Indians speak native languages Brazilians speak dialects of Portugal Religions Roman Catholic is most popular Protestant sects becoming more popular Other religions include Judaism, Hinduism, and native religions Transportation Airplanes are used for communication Long railways and paved roads Government Most countries use some form of a republic as government.

Main Ethnic Groups

Caucasian, African, and Indian

Languages

Spanish is official language in 9 countries

Many Indians speak native languages

Brazilians speak dialects of Portugal

Religions

Roman Catholic is most popular

Protestant sects becoming more popular

Other religions include Judaism, Hinduism, and native religions

Transportation

Airplanes are used for communication

Long railways and paved roads

Government

Most countries use some form of a republic as government.

Overall Culture Continued… Agriculture Main food crops are maize, rice, wheat, beans and root crops such as cassava and potatoes. Major biological resource-anchovies Music Influenced by Native South Americans and the Spanish Songs usually about Earth, seasons, harvest time, love, family, children, and stars Different music for different occasions Instruments used include flutes, rattles, guitars, violins, and oboes. Popular styles of music include Waltzes, Tango, Salsa, and Soca Education More literate men than literate women More literacy in urban areas than in rural Argentina, Chile, Guyana, and Uruguay all have literacy rates greater than or equal to 96%.

Agriculture

Main food crops are maize, rice, wheat, beans and root crops such as cassava and potatoes.

Major biological resource-anchovies

Music

Influenced by Native South Americans and the Spanish

Songs usually about Earth, seasons, harvest time, love, family, children, and stars

Different music for different occasions

Instruments used include flutes, rattles, guitars, violins, and oboes.

Popular styles of music include Waltzes, Tango, Salsa, and Soca

Education

More literate men than literate women

More literacy in urban areas than in rural

Argentina, Chile, Guyana, and Uruguay all have literacy rates greater than or equal to 96%.

Communication & Holidays Popular Gestures Be right back- draw a circle in air with index finger Sorry- stick out hand, as if to shake hands, and twist wrist as if waving Pointing- puckering or pursing of the lips Up the road- lift chin up Impolite Gestures Yawning, whistling, yelling to get someone's attention or pointing with the index finger Holidays Ano Nove- New Years Day Fireworks and live music Carnival Rio- 5 days up to Ash Wednesday Conga drums, costumes, group dancing, parades, parties, sambas, street parades, and music Christmas- December 24-25 Gift exchange and big meals Dia de le Raza- October 12 Celebrates discovery of Americas and ethnic mixing

Popular Gestures

Be right back- draw a circle in air with index finger

Sorry- stick out hand, as if to shake hands, and twist wrist as if waving

Pointing- puckering or pursing of the lips

Up the road- lift chin up

Impolite Gestures

Yawning, whistling, yelling to get someone's attention or pointing with the index finger

Holidays

Ano Nove- New Years Day

Fireworks and live music

Carnival Rio- 5 days up to Ash Wednesday

Conga drums, costumes, group dancing, parades, parties, sambas, street parades, and music

Christmas- December 24-25

Gift exchange and big meals

Dia de le Raza- October 12

Celebrates discovery of Americas and ethnic mixing

Argentina Ethnic Groups 97% white (Italian and Spanish) 3% mestizo, Amerindian, or non-white Religions 92% Roman Catholic (< 20% practicing) 2% Protestant 2% Jewish 4% Other Languages Spanish (Official) Italian, English, German, French Government Republic Economy Agriculture and Industry sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat, livestock food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Buenos_Aires-Puerto_Madero-Hilton-River_View.jpg

Ethnic Groups

97% white (Italian and Spanish)

3% mestizo, Amerindian, or non-white

Religions

92% Roman Catholic (< 20% practicing)

2% Protestant

2% Jewish

4% Other

Languages

Spanish (Official)

Italian, English, German, French

Government

Republic

Economy

Agriculture and Industry

sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat, livestock

food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel

Bolivia Ethnic Groups 30% Quechua, 30% mestizo 25% Aymara,15% white Languages Spanish, Quechua, Aymara All official Religions 95% Roman Catholic 5% Protestant Government Republic Economy Agriculture and Industries soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing http://www.mayuc.com/images/bolivia-tiahuanaco_statues.jpg

Ethnic Groups

30% Quechua, 30% mestizo

25% Aymara,15% white

Languages

Spanish, Quechua, Aymara

All official

Religions

95% Roman Catholic

5% Protestant

Government

Republic

Economy

Agriculture and Industries

soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber

mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing

Brazil Ethnic Groups 53.7% white and 6.2% black 38.5% mulatto (mixed white and black) 0.9% other and 0.7% unspecified Religion 73.6% Roman Catholic and 15.4% Protestant 1.3% Spiritualist and 0.3% Bantu/voodoo 1.8% other,0.2% unspecified and 7.4% none Languages Portuguese (official) Spanish, English, French Government Federative Republic Economy Agriculture and Industries coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gramado.7.jpg

Ethnic Groups

53.7% white and 6.2% black

38.5% mulatto (mixed white and black)

0.9% other and 0.7% unspecified

Religion

73.6% Roman Catholic and 15.4% Protestant

1.3% Spiritualist and 0.3% Bantu/voodoo

1.8% other,0.2% unspecified and 7.4% none

Languages

Portuguese (official)

Spanish, English, French

Government

Federative Republic

Economy

Agriculture and Industries

coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef

textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment

Chile Ethnic Groups 95% white and white-Amerindian 3% Amerindian 2% other Religion 70% Roman Catholic, 15.1% Evangelical, 1.1% Jehovah’s Witness, and 1% other Christian 4.6% other 8.3% none Languages Spanish Government Republic Economy Agriculture and Industries Grapes, apples, pears, onions, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, asparagus, beans, beef, poultry, wool, fish and timber Copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Torres1.jpg

Ethnic Groups

95% white and white-Amerindian

3% Amerindian

2% other

Religion

70% Roman Catholic, 15.1% Evangelical, 1.1% Jehovah’s Witness, and 1% other Christian

4.6% other

8.3% none

Languages

Spanish

Government

Republic

Economy

Agriculture and Industries

Grapes, apples, pears, onions, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, asparagus, beans, beef, poultry, wool, fish and timber

Copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles

Columbia Ethnic Groups 58% mestizo, 20% white, 14% mulatto, and 4% black 3% mixed black-Amerindian and 1% Amerindian Religion 90% Roman Catholic 10% other Languages Spanish Government Republic where executive branch dominates governmental structure Economy Agriculture and Industries Coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables, forest products, and shrimp Textiles, food processing, oil, clothing, footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement, gold, coal, and emeralds http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lezo.jpg

Ethnic Groups

58% mestizo, 20% white, 14% mulatto, and 4% black

3% mixed black-Amerindian and 1% Amerindian

Religion

90% Roman Catholic

10% other

Languages

Spanish

Government

Republic where executive branch dominates governmental structure

Economy

Agriculture and Industries

Coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables, forest products, and shrimp

Textiles, food processing, oil, clothing, footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement, gold, coal, and emeralds

Ecuador Ethnic Groups 65% mestizo, 25% Amerindian 7% Spanish and others 3% black Religions 95% Roman Catholic 5% other Languages Spanish (official) Amerindian languages Government Republic Economy Agriculture and Industries Bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains, sugarcane, cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products, balsa wood, fish and shrimp Petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, and chemicals http://www.export.gov.il/Eng/_Uploads/3846ecuador.jpg

Ethnic Groups

65% mestizo, 25% Amerindian

7% Spanish and others

3% black

Religions

95% Roman Catholic

5% other

Languages

Spanish (official)

Amerindian languages

Government

Republic

Economy

Agriculture and Industries

Bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains, sugarcane, cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products, balsa wood, fish and shrimp

Petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, and chemicals

Paraguay Ethnic Groups 95% mestizo 5% other Religions 89.6% Roman Catholic, 6.2% Protestant, and 1.1% other Christian 1.9% other or unspecified 1.1% none Languages Spanish (official) Guarani (official) Government Constitutional republic Economy Agriculture and Industries Cotton, sugarcane, soybeans, corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), fruits, vegetables, beef, pork, eggs, mild, and timber Sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, metallurgic, electric power http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Paraguay-001.jpg

Ethnic Groups

95% mestizo

5% other

Religions

89.6% Roman Catholic, 6.2% Protestant, and 1.1% other Christian

1.9% other or unspecified

1.1% none

Languages

Spanish (official)

Guarani (official)

Government

Constitutional republic

Economy

Agriculture and Industries

Cotton, sugarcane, soybeans, corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), fruits, vegetables, beef, pork, eggs, mild, and timber

Sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, metallurgic, electric power

Peru Ethnic Groups 45% Amerindian, 37% mestizo, and 15% white 3% black, Japanese, Chinese, or other Religions 81% Roman Catholic, 1.4% Seventh Day Adventist, and 1.4% other Christian 0.6% other 16.3% unspecified or none Government Constitutional republic Languages Spanish and Quechua (official) Aymara and minor Amazonian languages Economy Agriculture and Industries Asparagus, coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, coca, poultry, beef, dairy products, fish, and guinea pigs Mining and refining of minerals, steel, metal fabrication, petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas, fishing and fish processing, textiles, clothing, and food processing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Peru_Machu_Picchu_Sunrise_2.jpg

Ethnic Groups

45% Amerindian, 37% mestizo, and 15% white

3% black, Japanese, Chinese, or other

Religions

81% Roman Catholic, 1.4% Seventh Day Adventist, and 1.4% other Christian

0.6% other

16.3% unspecified or none

Government

Constitutional republic

Languages

Spanish and Quechua (official)

Aymara and minor Amazonian languages

Economy

Agriculture and Industries

Asparagus, coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, coca, poultry, beef, dairy products, fish, and guinea pigs

Mining and refining of minerals, steel, metal fabrication, petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas, fishing and fish processing, textiles, clothing, and food processing

Uruguay Ethnic Groups 88% white 8% mestizo 4% black Religions 66% Roman Catholic, 2% Protestant 1% Jewish 31% nonprofessing or other Languages Spanish and Portunol Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix) Government Constitutional republic Economy Agriculture and Industries Rice, wheat, corn, barley, livestock, and fish Food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, and beverages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Playa_Pocitos.jpg

Ethnic Groups

88% white

8% mestizo

4% black

Religions

66% Roman Catholic, 2% Protestant

1% Jewish

31% nonprofessing or other

Languages

Spanish and Portunol

Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix)

Government

Constitutional republic

Economy

Agriculture and Industries

Rice, wheat, corn, barley, livestock, and fish

Food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, and beverages

Venezuela Ethnic Groups Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, and indigenous people Religions 96% Roman Catholic and 2% Protestant 2% other Languages Spanish (official) Indigenous dialects Government Federal republic Economy Agriculture and Industries Corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee, beef, pork, milk, eggs, and fish Petroleum, construction materials, food processing, textiles, iron ore mining, steel, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Altamira.JPG

Ethnic Groups

Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, and indigenous people

Religions

96% Roman Catholic and 2% Protestant

2% other

Languages

Spanish (official)

Indigenous dialects

Government

Federal republic

Economy

Agriculture and Industries

Corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee, beef, pork, milk, eggs, and fish

Petroleum, construction materials, food processing, textiles, iron ore mining, steel, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly