PLC: Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) have been an integral part of factory automation and industrial process control for decades. PLCs control a wide array of applications from simple lighting functions to environmental systems to chemical processing plants. These systems perform many functions, providing a variety of analog and digital input and output interfaces; signal processing; data conversion; and various communication protocols. All of the PLC's components and functions are centered around the controller, which is programmed for a specific task. The basic PLC module must be sufficiently flexible and configurable to meet the diverse needs of different factories and applications. Input stimuli (either analog or digital) are received from machines, sensors, or process events in the form of voltage or current. The PLC must accurately interpret and convert the stimulus for the CPU which, in turn, defines a set of instructions to the output systems that control actuators on the factory floor or in another industrial environment. SCADA: SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) Now a days automation system contains PLCs and SCADA software. If you use PLC & SCADA combination the advantages you have is you have better monitoring and control of the plant and also you have access to the information the way you want. SCADA enables engineers, supervisors, managers and operators to view and interact with the workings of entire operations through graphical representation of their production process. SCADA runs on a PC and is generally connected to various PLCs and other peripheral devices. It enables you to generate applications for the most demanding requirements of plant engineers, operators, supervisors and managers tailored precisely to the needs of each plant. SCADA constantly gathers data from the plant in real-time, stores and processes it in the database, evaluates and generates alarms, displays information to plant operators, supervisors and managers and can issue instructions to PLCs on the plant floor. For Registration Call @ +91-9810197068 http://www.appinfaridabad.in/ http://www.appinfaridabad.com/

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Introduction of PLC
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Introduction of Scada
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What is PLC
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Importance of PLC
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How PLC works
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What is Scada
•
Importance of Scada
•
How Scada works
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Components of SCADA
•
Scada Architectures
•
Why Plc-Scada
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Benefits Of PLC-Scada
•
Scope of PLC-Scada
TABLEOF CONTENT

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INTRODUCTION OF PLC
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Programmablelogiccontrollers(PLCs)havebeenanintegralpartoffactoryautomationandindustrialprocesscontrolfordecades.PLCscontrolawidearrayofapplicationsfromsimplelightingfunctionstoenvironmentalsystemstochemicalprocessingplants.Thesesystemsperformmanyfunctions,providingavarietyofanaloganddigitalinputandoutputinterfaces;signalprocessing;dataconversion; andvariouscommunicationprotocols.AllofthePLC'scomponentsandfunctionsarecenteredaroundthecontroller,whichisprogrammedforaspecifictask.
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ThebasicPLCmodulemustbesufficientlyflexibleandconfigurabletomeetthediverseneedsofdifferentfactoriesandapplications.Inputstimuli(eitheranalogordigital)arereceivedfrommachines,sensors,orprocesseventsintheformofvoltageorcurrent.ThePLCmustaccuratelyinterpretandconvertthestimulusfortheCPUwhich,inturn,definesasetofinstructionstotheoutputsystemsthatcontrolactuatorsonthefactoryfloororinanotherindustrialenvironment.

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INTRODUCTION OF SCADA
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SCADA(SupervisoryControlandDataAcquisition)
NowadaysautomationsystemcontainsPLCsandSCADAsoftware.IfyouusePLC& SCADAcombinationtheadvantagesyouhaveisyouhavebettermonitoringandcontroloftheplantandalsoyouhaveaccesstotheinformationthewayyouwant. SCADAenablesengineers,supervisors,managersandoperatorstoviewandinteractwiththeworkingsofentireoperationsthroughgraphicalrepresentationoftheirproductionprocess.
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SCADArunsonaPCandisgenerallyconnectedtovariousPLCsandotherperipheraldevices.Itenablesyoutogenerateapplicationsforthemostdemandingrequirementsofplantengineers,operators,supervisorsandmanagerstailoredpreciselytotheneedsofeachplant.SCADAconstantlygathersdatafromtheplantinreal-time,storesandprocessesitinthedatabase,evaluatesandgeneratesalarms,displaysinformationtoplantoperators,supervisorsandmanagersandcanissueinstructionstoPLCsontheplantfloor.

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PLC: A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
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AProgrammableLogicController,orPLC,ismoreorlessasmallcomputerwithabuilt-inoperatingsystem(OS).ThisOSishighlyspecializedtohandleincomingeventsinrealtime,oratthetimeoftheiroccurrence.
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ThePLChasinputlineswheresensorsareconnectedtonotifyuponevents(e.g.temperatureabove/belowacertainlevel,liquidlevelreached,etc.), andoutputlinestosignalanyreactiontotheincomingevents(e.g.startanengine,open/closeavalve,etc.).
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Thesystemisuserprogrammable.Itusesalanguagecalled"RelayLadder" orRLL(RelayLadderLogic).Thenameofthislanguageimpliesthatthecontrollogicoftheearlierdays,whichwasbuiltfromrelays,isbeingsimulated.

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IMPORTANCE OF PLC
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ThePLCisprimarilyusedtocontrolmachinery.AprogramiswrittenforthePLCwhichturnsonandoffoutputsbasedoninputconditionsandtheinternalprogram.Inthisaspect,aPLCissimilartoacomputer.However,aPLCisdesignedtobeprogrammedonce,andrunrepeatedlyasneeded.Infact,acraftyprogrammercoulduseaPLCtocontrolnotonlysimpledevicessuchasagaragedooropener,buttheirwholehouse,includingswitchinglightsonandoffatcertaintimes,monitoringacustombuiltsecuritysystem, etc.
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Mostcommonly,aPLCisfoundinsideofamachineinanindustrialenvironment.APLCcanrunanautomaticmachineforyearswithlittlehumanintervention.Theyaredesignedtowithstandmostharshenvironments.

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HOW PLC LOOKS

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HISTORY OF PLC
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Whenthefirstelectronicmachinecontrolsweredesigned,theyusedrelaystocontrolthemachinelogic(i.e.press"Start"tostartthemachineandpress"Stop"tostopthemachine).Abasicmachinemightneedawallcoveredinrelaystocontrolallofitsfunctions.Thereareafewlimitationstothistypeofcontrol.
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Relaysfail.
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Thedelaywhentherelayturnson/off.
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Thereisanentirewallofrelaystodesign/wire/troubleshoot.
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APLCovercomestheselimitations,itisamachinecontrolledoperation.
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Recentdevelopments
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PLCsarebecomingmoreandmoreintelligent.InrecentyearsPLCshavebeenintegratedintoelectricalcommunications(Computernetwork)i.e.,allthePLCsinanindustrialenvironmenthavebeenpluggedintoanetworkwhichisusuallyhierarchicallyorganized.ThePLCsarethensupervisedbyacontrolcentre.Thereexistmanyproprietarytypesofnetworks.OnetypewhichiswidelyknownisSCADA(SupervisoryControlandDataAcquisition).

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PLC: A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

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HOW PLC WORKS
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HowthePLCoperates:ThePLCisapurpose-builtmachinecontrolcomputerdesignedtoreaddigitalandanaloginputsfromvarioussensors, executeauserdefinedlogicprogram,andwritetheresultingdigitalandanalogoutputvaluestovariousoutputelementslikehydraulicandpneumaticactuators,indicationlamps,solenoidcoils,etc.
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Scancycle:Exactdetailsvarybetweenmanufacturers,butmostPLCsfollowa'scan-cycle‘sformat.
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OverheadincludestestingI/Omoduleintegrity,verifyingtheuserprogramlogichasn'tchanged,thatthecomputeritselfhasn'tlockedup(viaawatchdogtimer),andanynecessarycommunications.CommunicationsmayincludetrafficoverthePLCprogrammerport,remoteI/Oracks,andotherexternaldevicessuchasHMIs(HumanMachineInterfaces).

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InputscanA'snapshot'ofthedigitalandanalogvaluespresentattheinputcardsissavedtoaninputmemorytable.LogicexecutionTheuserprogramisscannedelementbyelement,thenrungbyrunguntiltheendoftheprogram,andresultingvalueswrittentoanoutputmemorytable.OutputscanValuesfromtheresultingoutputmemorytablearewrittentotheoutputmodules.OncetheoutputscaniscompletetheprocessrepeatsitselfuntilthePLCispowereddown.
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Thetimeittakestocompleteascancycleis,appropriatelyenough,the"scancycletime",andrangesfromhundredsofmilliseconds(onolderPLCs, and/orPLCswithverycomplexprograms)toonlyafewmillisecondsonnewerPLCs,and/orPLCsexecutingshort,simplecode.
HOW PLC WORKS

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SCADA(SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION)
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SCADAisasystemoperatingwithcodedsignalsovercommunicationchannelssoastoprovidecontrolofremoteequipment(usingtypicallyonecommunicationchannelperremotestation).Thesupervisorysystemmaybecombinedwithadataacquisitionsystembyaddingtheuseofcodedsignalsovercommunicationchannelstoacquireinformationaboutthestatusoftheremoteequipmentfordisplayorforrecordingfunctions.Itisatypeofindustrialcontrolsystem(ICS).Industrialcontrolsystemsarecomputer-basedsystemsthatmonitorandcontrolindustrialprocessesthatexistinthephysicalworld.SCADAsystemshistoricallydistinguishthemselvesfromotherICSsystemsbybeinglarge-scaleprocessesthatcanincludemultiplesites,andlargedistances.

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SCADA(SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION)

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IMPORTANCE OF SCADA
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Scadaprocessesincludeindustrial,infrastructure,andfacility-basedprocesses,asdescribedbelow:
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Industrialprocessesincludethoseofmanufacturing, production,powergeneration,fabrication,andrefining,andmayrunincontinuous,batch,repetitive,ordiscretemodes.
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Infrastructureprocessesmaybepublicorprivate,andincludewatertreatmentanddistribution,wastewatercollectionandtreatment,oilandgaspipelines,electricalpowertransmissionanddistribution,windfarms,civildefensesirensystems, andlargecommunicationsystems.
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Facilityprocessesoccurbothinpublicfacilitiesandprivateones, includingbuildings,airports,ships,andspacestations.Theymonitorandcontrolheating,ventilation,andairconditioningsystems(HVAC),access,andenergyconsumption.

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SCADA TOOL
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SCADAcanbeagreattoolwhileworkinginanenvironmentwhereoperationaldutiesneedtobemonitoredelectronicalcommunicationinsteadoflocally.Forexample,anoperatorcanpositionavalvetoopenorclosedasdesiredthroughSCADAwithoutleavingthecontrolstationorthecomputer.TheSCADAsystemalsoallowstoswitchapumpormotoronoroffandhasthecapabilityofputtingmotorsonaHandoperatingstatus,off, orAutomatic.Handwouldbereferringtooperatetheequipmentlocally, andautomaticwouldbescalingtheequipmenttobeoperatedaccordingtosetpointstheoperatorinstructsonacomputerthatcancommunicatewiththeequipmentthroughSCADA.

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COMPONENTS OF SCADA
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Remoteterminalunits(RTUs)connecttosensorsintheprocessandconvertsensorsignalstodigitaldata.Theyhavetelemetryhardwarecapableofsendingdigitaldatatothesupervisorysystem,aswellasreceivingdigitalcommandsfromthesupervisorysystem.RTUsoftenhaveembeddedcontrolcapabilitiessuchasladderlogicinordertoaccomplishbooleanlogicoperations.
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Programmablelogiccontroller(PLCs)connecttosensorsintheprocessandconvertingsensorsignalstodigitaldata.PLCshavemoresophisticatedembeddedcontrolcapabilities,typicallyoneormoreIEC61131- 3programminglanguages,thanRTUs.PLCsdonothavetelemetryhardware,althoughthisfunctionalityistypicallyinstalledalongsidethem. PLCsaresometimesusedinplaceofRTUsasfielddevicesbecausetheyaremoreeconomical,versatile,flexible,andconfigurable.

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AtelemetrysystemistypicallyusedtoconnectPLCsandRTUswithcontrolcenters,datawarehouses,andtheenterprise.ExamplesofwiredtelemetrymediausedinSCADAsystemsincludeleasedtelephonelinesandWANcircuits.ExamplesofwirelesstelemetrymediausedinSCADAsystemsincludesatellite(VSAT),licensedandunlicensedradio,cellularandmicrowave.
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Adataacquisitionserverisasoftwareservicewhichusesindustrialprotocolstoconnectsoftwareservices,viatelemetry,withfielddevicessuchasRTUsandPLCs.Itallowsclientstoaccessdatafromthesefielddevicesusingstandardprotocols.
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Ahuman–machineinterfaceorHMIistheapparatusordevicewhichpresentsprocesseddatatoahumanoperator,andthroughthis,thehumanoperatormonitorsandinteractswiththeprocess.TheHMIisaclientthatrequestsdatafromadataacquisitionserver.
COMPONENTS OF SCADA

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AHistorianisasoftwareservicewhichaccumulatestime-stampeddata,booleanevents,andbooleanalarmsinadatabasewhichcanbequeriedorusedtopopulategraphictrendsintheHMI.Thehistorianisaclientthatrequestsdatafromadataacquisitionserver.
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Asupervisory(computer)system,gathering(acquiring)dataontheprocessandsendingcommands(control)totheSCADAsystem.
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Communicationinfrastructureconnectingthesupervisorysystemtotheremoteterminalunits.
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Variousprocessandanalyticalinstrumentation
COMPONENTS OF SCADA

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HOW SCADA WORKS
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ThetermSCADAusuallyreferstocentralizedsystemswhichmonitorandcontrolentiresites,orcomplexesofsystemsspreadoutoverlargeareas(anythingfromanindustrialplanttoanation).MostcontrolactionsareperformedautomaticallybyRTUsorbyPLCs.Hostcontrolfunctionsareusuallyrestrictedtobasicoverridingorsupervisorylevelintervention.Forexample,aPLCmaycontroltheflowofcoolingwaterthroughpartofanindustrialprocess,buttheSCADAsystemmayallowoperatorstochangethesetpointsfortheflow,andenablealarmconditions,suchaslossofflowandhightemperature,tobedisplayedandrecorded.ThefeedbackcontrollooppassesthroughtheRTUorPLC,whiletheSCADAsystemmonitorstheoverallperformanceoftheloop.

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DataacquisitionbeginsattheRTUorPLClevelandincludesmeterreadingsandequipmentstatusreportsthatarecommunicatedtoSCADAasrequired.DataisthencompiledandformattedinsuchawaythatacontrolroomoperatorusingtheHMIcanmakesupervisorydecisionstoadjustoroverridenormalRTU(PLC)controls.DatamayalsobefedtoaHistorian, oftenbuiltonacommodityDatabaseManagementSystem,toallowtrendingandotheranalyticalauditing.
HOW SCADA WORKS

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SCADAsystemstypicallyimplementadistributeddatabase,commonlyreferredtoasatagdatabase,whichcontainsdataelementscalledtagsorpoints.Apointrepresentsasingleinputoroutputvaluemonitoredorcontrolledbythesystem.Pointscanbeeither"hard"or"soft".Ahardpointrepresentsanactualinputoroutputwithinthesystem,whileasoftpointresultsfromlogicandmathoperationsappliedtootherpoints.(Mostimplementationsconceptuallyremovethedistinctionbymakingeverypropertya"soft"pointexpression,whichmay,inthesimplestcase,equalasinglehardpoint.)
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SCADAsystemsaresignificantlyimportantsystemsusedinnationalinfrastructuressuchaselectricgrids,watersuppliesandpipelines. However,SCADAsystemsmayhavesecurityvulnerabilities,sothesystemsshouldbeevaluatedtoidentifyrisksandsolutionsimplementedtomitigatethoserisks.
HOW SCADA WORKS

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SCADA ARCHITECTURE

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Firstgeneration:"Monolithic“
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EarlySCADAsystemcomputingwasdonebylargeminicomputers.CommonnetworkservicesdidnotexistatthetimeSCADAwasdeveloped.ThusSCADAsystemswereindependentsystemswithnoconnectivitytoothersystems.Thecommunicationprotocolsusedwerestrictlyproprietaryatthattime.Thefirst-generationSCADAsystemredundancywasachievedusingaback-upmainframesystemconnectedtoalltheRemoteTerminalUnitsitesandwasusedintheeventoffailureoftheprimarymainframesystem.SomefirstgenerationSCADAsystemsweredevelopedas"turnkey" operationsthatranonminicomputerssuchasthePDP-11seriesmadebytheDigitalEquipmentCorporation
SCADA ARCHITECTURE

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Secondgeneration:"Distributed“
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SCADAinformationandcommandprocessingwasdistributedacrossmultiplestationswhichwereconnectedthroughaLAN.Informationwassharedinnearrealtime.EachstationwasresponsibleforaparticulartaskthusmakingthesizeandcostofeachstationlessthantheoneusedinFirstGeneration.Thenetworkprotocolsusedwerestillnotstandardized.Sincetheprotocolswereproprietary,veryfewpeoplebeyondthedevelopersknewenoughtodeterminehowsecureaSCADAinstallationwas.SecurityoftheSCADAinstallationwasusuallyoverlooked.
SCADA ARCHITECTURE

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Thirdgeneration:"Networked“
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Similartoadistributedarchitecture,anycomplexSCADAcanbereducedtosimplestcomponentsandconnectedthroughcommunicationprotocols.Inthecaseofanetworkeddesign,thesystemmaybespreadacrossmorethanoneLANnetworkandseparatedgeographically.SeveraldistributedarchitectureSCADAsrunninginparallel,withasinglesupervisorandhistorian,couldbeconsideredanetworkarchitecture.Thisallowsforamorecosteffectivesolutioninverylargescalesystems.
SCADA ARCHITECTURE

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Fourthgeneration:"InternetofThings“
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Withthecommercialavailabilityofcloudcomputing,SCADAsystemshaveincreasinglyadoptedInternetofThingstechnologytosignificantlyreduceinfrastructurecostsandincreaseeaseofmaintenanceandintegration.AsaresultSCADAsystemscannowreportstateinnearreal-timeandusethehorizontalscaleavailableincloudenvironmentstoimplementmorecomplexcontrolalgorithmsthanarepracticallyfeasibletoimplementontraditionalprogrammablelogiccontrollers.Further,theuseofopennetworkprotocolssuchasTLSinherentinInternetofThingstechnologyprovidesamorereadilycomprehendableandmanageablesecurityboundarythantheheterogeneousmixofproprietarynetworkprotocolstypicalofmanydecentralizedSCADAimplementations.
SCADA ARCHITECTURE

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WHY PLC-SCADA
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Inrecenttimes,allmosteveryindustryuseautomationorcontrolsystemsforworking.Everyindustryneedsmoreengineerstogrowtheirproductionrate.Foreigncountrieshavealsounderstoodtheimportanceofautomation. Itisatypeofcontrolsystemwhichinvolvesinformationtechnologyandreducesthehumanmanuallyworksinproduction.ForautomationindustryPLCandSCADAarethemostimportanttools,withoutthesetoolsautomationisnotpossible.Itplaysavitalroleintheworldeconomyasitreplacesallmanualsystemspower.
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Ifyouwanttogetabestjobinautomationindustry,youmusthaveanideaaboutindustry’srequirement.AlmosteveryindustryneedsprofessionallytrainedstudentswhohavesomeexperienceanddetailedknowledgeaboutPLC-Scadatechnology.Candidateneedstogettrainedinthesame,becauseTraininghelpsthemtogetpracticalknowledgeandskillsthatrequiredtogetplacedinafamousindustry.Bygettingtrainedwiththeprofessionalswhohaveindustryexperience,youwillgettheindustryexposurewiththeindustrialtrainingprojectaswell.

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WHY APPIN

Ifyouarelookingforabettercareerinanautomationindustryaftercompletingyourdegree,Youshouldgettrainedfromthecompanywhohasexpertiseinthesame.Appinisawell-knowncompanyinthefieldofInformationTechnologywhichprovidesindustrialtrainingforallcoursesrelatedtoIT,electronicsandtelecomfield.WealsoprovidestheJobOrientedTrainingprogramsinInformationSecurity/IRM/SecuredApplicationprogramming/SecuredMobileApplicationDevelopmentprogramminginAndroid,BlackBerry,iOS.Ourplacementrecordisbetterthanotherplayersinthemarket.
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Ourtrainingprogramsareonthelatesttechnologieswiththeupdatedversions&advancedconcepts.LikecloudcomputingPLC-Scada.

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HOW SCADA LOOKS

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MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

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BENEFITS OF PLC-SCADA
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PLCandSCADAarethesuccessbehindtheautomationindustry.PLCisdesignedinsuchawaythatitcanbeusedtocontrolmultipleinputsandoutputsanditcanbehandledinextremetemperaturechanges.Withoutthesetwoautomationconceptstheautomationindustryfails.SothereisahugedemandforskilledmanpowerinPLCandSCADAinautomationindustry.Wecannoteventhinkofsurvivingwithoutthistechnologyevenforaday.Ifthesystemfailsthentherewouldbelossesofcoresofrupees.AftertheapplicationofPLCandSCADAtechnologyinIndustrialautomationprocess.
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Itiscreatingalotofemploymentopportunities
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Thereisahugedemandforskilledmanpowerinthissector
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Reducestime
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ReducesCost
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Profitmaximization
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Economiesofscale
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ImprovedProductivity
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Qualityoutput
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IncreasedAccuracyandspeed

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SCOPE OF PLC SCADA
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IfyouhavePLC-Scadatrainingcertificate,youwillgetachanceindifferentcompaniesondifferentprofilesspeciallyinthemanufacturingindustry. Someoftheprofilesarementionedbelow:-
1.
PLC-SCADATrainee
2.
PLC-SCADASoftwareEngineer
3.
AutomationandDrivesmanufactureratglobalfirms
4.
PLCSCADAHMIACDC
5.
ApplicationEngineer–PLC-Scada
6.
ElectricalMaintenanceautomationManagermaintenanceManagerPLCSCADA
7.
AutomationEngineer.
8.
InstrumentationEngineer.

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COMPANIES HIRING FOR PLC SCADA
and many more….

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For more details please visit:

www.training.appinonline.com

www.appinonline.com

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