The document discusses various topics related to forest resources including the definition of a forest, components of forests, different types of forests based on location, India's forest cover statistics, importance and functions of forests, causes and effects of deforestation, and methods of afforestation. It provides details on tropical, temperate, and coniferous forests, as well as information on India's forest cover and the need to increase afforestation efforts to combat deforestation.

1. Forest Resources
College :
Sankersinh vaghela bapu institute of technology
Prepared by
Patel Ajay(130750116026)
Patel
Ankit(130750116027)
Patel
Heena(130750116030)
Patel

2. Forest Resource
A term associated with forests and
range including, without limitation,
timber, water, wildlife, fisheries,
recreation, botanical forest products,
forage, and biological diversity.

3. Forest
A land with tree crown cover of
more than 10%, and area of more
than 0.5 hectare (1 hector=10000
m*m) is treated as forest.
(FAO-UN: Food and Agriculture organization)

4. Components of Forest :
Biotic (living) Abiotic(non-living)
Trees , herbs Land , Water
Grass Sunlight
Animals Air
Birds Nutrients

5. Types of Forest (Location Based)
1. Tropical Forests:
• Area bounded by 23.5 degree N and 23.5 degree S
• Hot and Humid climate
• Temperature: 20-25 C
• Rainfall : Exceeding 200 cm
(i) Low land tropical forests:
> Rain falls almost daily
(ii) Tropical clowd forests :
> Higher Altitudes

6. Types of Forest (Location Based)
2. Temperate deciduous Forests:
• Occuring between 30 to 60 latitudes
• Temperature varying between -30 to +30 C
• Soil is fertile
• Rain : 75-150 cm throughout year
(i) Deciduous forests:
> Northern hemisphere
(ii) Evergreen forests :
>Southern hemisphere

7. Types of Forest (Location Based)
3. Coniferous Forests:
• Called “taiga”
• Northern hemisphere (50 to 60 N)
• Low bio diversity
• Snow form (40 to 100 cm)
• Soil is thin , acidic
(i) Grasslands:
> Short period rain, more droughts
(ii) Tundra :
>Frozen, extreme cold

8. Type of Forest in India :
Type of Forest States
1. Rain evergreen forest Western Ghats
2. Tropical wet evergreen forest Kerala , Assam
3. Tropical deciduous forest Gujarat, Rajasthan
4. Broad leaves deciduous forest Himalaya
5. Coniferous deciduous forest U.P, H.P , J & K
6. Mangrove forest coastal area

9. INDIAN SCENARIO:
Forests
Non forest
(79.45%)
Dence
Forest(12.68%)
Open
Forest(7.87%)

10. INDIAN SCENARIO:
Forests
Unclassified Forest
(17%)
Protected
Forest(28%)
Reserved
Forests(55%)

11. Pictorial
1.Dence Forests:
2. Open Forests:

12. Pictorial
3.Mangrove forests:

14. IMPORTANCE OF FOREST :
Function
1.Protective functions:
 Protect against : flood, soil erosion, drought ,etc.
2. Productive functions:
Produces: katha , pulp ,paper , bamboos,etc.

15. IMPORTANCE OF FOREST :
Function
3. Regulative function:
Regulates : Temperature,O2,CO2.
4. Accessory function:
Helps in : aesthetics and habitats of flora & fauna.

16. IMPORTANCE OF FOREST :
* Ecological Importance *
 Regulation of Global climate and temperatures:
 Reduction in Global warming
 Production of Oxygen
 Conservation of soil
 Important in a fertility of soil
 Control of water flow
 Habitats to Wildlife
 Absorption of noise
 Absorption of Air Pollution

17. IMPORTANCE OF FOREST :
* Economical Importance *
 Timber
 Fuel food
 Raw material for wood based industries
 Bamboo
 Food
 Miscellaneous products

18. Deforestations :
Before
After

19. Deforestations :
 Deforestation refers to the long
term or permanent loss of forest
cover.
 10% loss of canopy is considered as Deforestation.

20. Causes of Deforestations:
 Population explosion
 Shifting Cultivation
 Growing food demands
 Fire foods
 Raw material for wood based industries
 Infrastructure Development
 Forest Fires : (i) Ground fire (ii) Surface fire
(iii) Crown fire (iv) human activities
 Over grazing :
 Mining activities
 Attack of insects
 Natural forces

21. Effects of Deforestations:
 Destruction of species habitats Extinction of species
 Loss of Bio-diversity
 Reduction of vegetation Soil erosion
 Loss of soil fertility Loss of mineral nutrients
 Landslides
 Destructs Oxygen cycle
 Pollution + Global warming
 Less forest products Quality of our life

22. Forest Degradation in India :
 Before 20th century : 30% of land was covered by forest
After 20th century : Only 19.4% is covered,
 Nothing like Tropical, All reduced to coastal
 NFC(1988) recommends 33% plain land forest , but we cover only 20%
 “Chipko” movements only because of massive destruction in U.P
 The Deforestation rate per unit population in india is lowest among the
major tropical country.

23. Afforestation:
Before :
After:

24. Afforestations :
The conservation measure against
the deforestation is Afforestation.
The development of forest by
planting trees on waste land is called
afforestation.

25. Afforestations :
*Objectives*
• To control deforestation
• To prevent soil erosion
• To regulate rainfall & temperature
• To protect ecosystem

26. Afforestations :
*Dam buildings*
• Sardar Sarovar Project, Gujarat
• Narmad Sagar Projects,M.P
• Bhodgath Project on indravati river, M.P
• Tehri dam on Bhagirathi river, Uttrakhand.

28. GTU Questions
1. Enlist all the Factors leading to deforestation? What
are the effects and remedies for that?
2. Write a short note on : Afforestation
3. Distinguish between afforestation and
deforestation.
4. Explain Tropical forests ?