2. What is programming?
• Think about a problem.
• Any problem statement.
• U will get a path to approach the problem.
• Frame the path stepwise.
• The same problem can be solved using your compiler.
• The path of stepwise approaching the problem is called
algorithm.
3. THE STEPS OF CREATING A CODE
Decide the approach of your Problem statement.
i.e. some predefined algorithm or your own idea
Choice of language
i.e. object oriented(java , c#) or modular(c)
Compile Time errors
Syntax errors…
Execute the program after successful compilation
Run time errors???!!!! Logical errors
Successful Compilation
Proceed to next problem…..
Algorithm
kl
Various compliers are available for various languages
i.e. turbo(c , c ++ ) , dev etc….
Choice?
Compiler?
Problems…
Run…
Executed….
4. • Many types of data can be worked upon
• U might want to encrypt ur name(string
type)
• U might want to make your own
personalized calculator(various types of
numbers)
• U might want to have a binary output for
your program(Boolean type)
• Many permutations are available for
optimizing ur code.
• U might want to create an excel sheet(2D
array)
BASICS OF PROGRAMMING
Variables
5. • INTEGER(int)
• Many types of int are available in
all languages
• This includes types based on sizes
• Int32,int64,int16 are the few
available in c#
• Int64 is normally used in place of
long type numbers as in other
languages
• DOUBLE and FLOAT
• Smaller decimal number of 6th
precision can be stored in float
types
• Float can be used to store decimal
numbers upto 12th precision
• Any type conversion from int to
these types leads to the the digits
after the point becoming zero
• Type conversion takes place only
form a datatype of hIgher size to a
data type of lower size
DATA TYPES TO BE USED FOR NUMBERS
6. • ARRAY(1 D)
• Can be used to store multiple:
• Integers
• Strings
• Double , Float
• Boolean
• Characters
• ARRAY(2 D)
• The same data as 1d array can be
stored in a tabular form like data in
rows and columns as in a excel
sheet.
STORING MUTIPLE DATA IN A VARIABLE:
7. • Predefined functions:
• Defined by the language we use
• Defined to serve a specific purpose
• Allows reusability of code
• Makes program more efficient by
making debugging easier
• User defined functions:
• Make the code according to our
own specifications
FUNCTIONS
8. • The coding will be
operated on a
specific
operand/operands.
These variables are
called the
parameters of the
function
• The functionality of
a function(coding of
the function)
• The output value of
the function i.e. the
result of the
operation
preformation(if any)
is called return
value..
FUNCTIONS:
Parts of a function:
9. • Characters:
• Used to store a single character
• We have a system to represent any
character called ASCII
• The values vary from 0-255
• Example all capital letters have
values ranging form 65-90
• This concept comes from the
concept of a byte
• A byte contains 8 bits each and
thus 2^8 (256) combinations
available
• Strings:
• Used to store multiple characters.
• Can be manipulated
• Always stored in double quotes
• String s=“C#”
• Many functions available to
manipulate strings
• Example of functions used-Length ,
substring
Variables Contd……
10. • Call by reference:
• The parameters which are
operated upon will change their
value after function call
• In this case the memory reference
of the parameter is sent which has
the scope to change the original
value of the variable bcoz the
memory address is sent
• It has the advantage of returning
multiple variables without actually
returning them!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Think yyy????
• Call by value:
• It’s the normal function call where
we require normal function calls
FUNCTION CALLING:
Two types:
11. • GLOBAL:
• Scope is defined throughout the scope of the program.
• Can be accessed by all the functions of the program.
• A Constructor needs to be initialized to give default
values to these variables.
• LOCAL:
• These variables can be accessed
only in their specific function
definitions
Another classification of variables:
Scope…………..
