Marco regulatorio europeo en materia de emisiones
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Presentación realizada por Nathalie Hemeleers, Asesora política en la Asociación Europea de la Biomasa (AEBIOM), en el 10º Congreso Internacional de Bioenergía "Retos de la biomasa hacia 2020" (2015) Acceso al vídeo en el canal de AVEBIOM en youtube en este link https://youtu.be/qD3MbePmKuE?list=PLiI9QXKYMxh06h-WnlG7007bUkwPg6sKV
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Marco regulatorio europeo en materia de emisiones
- 1. European Emissions Regulatory Framework Nathalie Hemeleers, Policy Advisor, AEBIOM
- 2. European Emissions Regulatory Framework • European legislation for emissions - context • Ecodesign requirements • Ecolabelling requirements • Directive limiting emissions from Medium Combustion Plants 2
- 3. European Emissions Regulatory Framework 3 Context – EU legislation regarding emissions
- 4. European Emissions Regulatory Framework Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC) • Allows the Commission to set requirements for environmental performance of energy- related products • Requirements have to be met in order to place a product on the market • Requirements are harmonised across the EU 4
- 5. European Emissions Regulatory Framework 5 • Minimum criteria for solid fuel/pellet boilers ≤ 500 kW rated heat output(lot 15) • Minimum criteria for local space heater/pellet stoves ≤ 50 kW nominal heat output (lot 20) • Emissions and energy efficiency criteria • Decision adopted by Member States 13-14 October 2014 • The Ecodesign regulation is accompanied by an Ecolabelling regulation Ecodesign requirement for bioenergy installations < 500KW
- 6. European Emissions Regulatory Framework 6 LOT 15 - solid fuel boilers Entry into force: 1 January 2020 seasonal space heating energy efficiency for boilers ≤ 20 kW 75% seasonal space heating energy efficiency for boilers > 20 kW 77% OGC (Organic gaseous compound) 20 mg/m³ for automatically stoked solid fuelboilers (at 10% O2) 30 mg / m³ for manually stoked solid fuel boilers (at 10% O2) CO 500 mg/m³ for automatically stoked solid fuel boilers (at 10% O2) 700 mg /m³ for manually stoked solid fuel boilers (at 10% O2) NOx 200 mg/m3 at 10% O2; 350 mg/m3 at 10% O2 for fossil fuel; PM (biomass) 40 mg/m³ for automatically stoked solid fuel boilers 60 mg / m³ for manually stoked solid fuel boilers LOT 20 - local space heaters Entry into force: 1 January 2022 seasonal space heating energy efficiency of open fronted solid fuel local space heaters using solid fuel 30% seasonal space heating energy efficiency of closed fronted solid fuel local space heaters using solid fuel other than compressed wood in the form of pellets 65% seasonal space heating energy efficiency of closed fronted solid fuel local space heaters using compressed wood in the form of pellets 79% seasonal space heating energy efficiency of cookers using solid fuel 65% OGC by open fronted solid fuel local space heaters, closed fronted local space heaters using solid fuel other than compressed wood in the form of pellets and cookers (at 13%O2) 120 mg/m3 OGC by closed fronted solid fuel local space heaters using compressed wood in form of pellets (at 13%O2) 60 mg/m3 CO by open fronted local space heaters, closed fronted local space heaters using solid fuel other than compressed wood in the form of pellets and cookers (at 13%O2) 2000 mg/m3 for open fronted; 1500 mg/m3 for closed fronted; 1500 mg/m3 for cookers CO by closed fronted solid fuel local space heaters using compressed wood in form of pellets (at 13%O2) 300 mg/m3 NOx by open fronted local space heaters, closed fronted local space heaters and cookers 200 mg/m3 for all solid fuels open and closed fronted heaters and cookers s; 300 mg/m3 for fossil heaters and cookers PM by open fronted local space heaters, closed fronted local space heaters using solid fuel other than compressed wood in the form of pellets and cookers (at 13%O2) 50 mg/m3 for open fronted; 40 mg/m3 for closed fronted; 40 mg/m3 for cookers PM by closed fronted solid fuel local space heaters using compressed wood in form of pellets (at 13%O2) 20 mg/m3 for pellets
- 7. European Emissions Regulatory Framework • Allows the Commission to specify a mandatory energy label for energy-related products • The label shows energy efficiency in the use phase • Use of other essential resources/ information during use also shown • Manufacturers have to supply the label; dealers have to show it 7 Energy Labelling Directive (2010/30/EU)
- 8. European Emissions Regulatory Framework Label solid fuel boilers • Same label as for other space heaters (Regulation 811/2013) • ≤ 70 kW rated heat output • A++ to G from 1 April 2017 • A+++ to D from 25 Sept 2019 • Package label • Biomass condensing boilers reach class A++ 8 Energy Labelling requirements for bioenergy installations
- 9. European Emissions Regulatory Framework Local space heaters • One label for gas, liquid and solid fuel local space heaters • ≤ 50 kW nominal heat output • A++ to G label from 1 Jan 2018 • For flueless or open to chimney solid fuel heaters from 1 Jan 2022 • Best biomass appliances can reach A++ • Best fossil fuel appliances can reach A 9 Energy Labelling requirements for bioenergy installations
- 10. European Emissions Regulatory Framework Full texts are available: •Ecodesign solid fuel boilers: http:// ec.europa.eu/transparency/regcomitology/index.cfm?do=search.documentdetail&2nsgm2pldahbtgCZFiamXmHvqkBN22 •Energy Labelling solid fuel boilers: http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-8363-2015-INIT/en/pdf http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-8363-2015-ADD-1/en/pdf •Ecodesign solid fuel local space heaters: http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regcomitology/index.cfm? do=search.documentdetail&D6R8+O9yIExFez+fUX+KhKpktk7QxXF42DUbcLcZ8rA= •Energy Labelling local space heaters: http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-8514-2015-INIT/en/pdf http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-8514-2015-ADD-1/en/pdf 10
- 11. European Emissions Regulatory Framework Directive Limiting Emissions from Medium Combustion Plants (1-50 MW) 11 NOx (mg/NM3 ) Existing Plants New Plants 1-5 MW 650 500 5-50 MW 650 300 SO2 (mg/NM3 ) Existing Plants New Plants 1-50 MW -- (The value doesn’t apply in case of plants firing exclusively woody solid biomass) 200 300 (plants firing straw) -- (The value doesn’t apply in case of plants firing exclusively woody solid biomass) 200 Dust (mg/NM3 ) Existing Plants New Plants 1-5 MW 50 50 5-20 MW 50 30 20-50 MW 30 20 • Implementation: - Existing plants: 2025 for plants > 5 MW 2030 for plants < 5MW - New plants : 1 year after date of transposition • Until 1 January 2030, medium combustion plants firing solid biomass as the main fuel, which are situated in zones where according to assessments under Directive 2008/50/EC conformity with the limit values of that Directive is ensured, may be exempted from compliance with the dust emission limit values set in Annex II. The emission limit values set by competent authorities shall not exceed 150 mg/Nm³ for dust.
- 12. European Emissions Regulatory Framework Directive Limiting Emissions from Medium Combustion Plants (1-50 MW) 12 Source: Particle Emission Reduction – Finland cost analysis
- 13. European Emissions Regulatory Framework 13 Thank you : Gracias • Nathalie Hemeleers • AEBIOM – European Biomass Association • hemeleers@aebiom.org
Editor's Notes
- Energy efficiency, rated heat output, water heating function, electricity generation functiun (for cogeneration boilers) Indication of wheter a solar collector, hot water storage, temperature control, supplementary heater may be included BLF (Biomass Label factor) is 1,45 for biomass and 1 for fossil – political factor
- Energy efficiency, direct and indirect heat output
- Enforcement Market surveillance is the role of national authorities, it includes: Inspecting technical documentation Product testing Inspection of labels in shops/internet Random and/or risk based sampling Cross-border cooperation (through the Administrative Cooperation Group – ADCO – and EU-funded joint actions)
- The file will be voted in October I session (5-8 october). After that the Council of Ministers will have to adopt the text. There is no date for the adoption in the Council but it should happen before December, I think. Challenge for small existing plants: only ESP and filters can be used
- Size: Below 15 MW, 80% of the biomass installations are equipped with ESP (because combustion is less stable and unfinished combustion would deteriorate the bags of filters) &gt;15MW more stable combustion bag filters But bag filters can be used for all sizes. Principle: Multicyclone: separates particles by centrifugal force - Multicyclone, reduction vary significantly (100-300) depending on the combustion conditions and fuel properties at the moment of measurement ESP: same principle than cyclone but by electrically charging the particles so that particles stick to the walls of the precipitator Filters: directing flue gases through a filter bag (cost approx same as ESP but maintaniance cost is higher – need to change the bags every 2-4 years Scrubber: particle separation are based on water drop injection to the flue gas stream. Particles are mixed into the water circulating in the scrubber With agreement, cost of ESP or fabric filter expensive Small installations around 20% total cost Large installations around 10% total cost Challenge of retrofitting!