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影視紀錄概念
 2012.09.03
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❖   了解攝影機

❖   攝影機的操作技巧 (手法 , 構圖 , 燈光 , 收音)

❖   紀錄片的真

❖   實務操作
影片製作流程
  前製
  拍攝
  後製
檔案格式 / 儲存
Color Sampling
Interlace / Progressive
          (I/P)
畫面格式    掃描方式    畫面像素

480i     隔行     720 x 480

576i     隔行     720 x 576

720p     逐行    1280 x 720

1080i    隔行    1440 x 1080

1080p    逐行    1920 x 1080
Camera
攝影機基本操作
△ 光圈先決
△快門先決
△ 廣角鏡頭
△標準鏡頭
△望遠鏡頭
△ 廣角鏡頭 -
透視強 / 變形
△ 望遠鏡頭 -
 壓縮透視
人像鏡頭
85MM – 105MM
景深
景深 -
 深
景深 -
 淺
影響景深三要因
  光圈
  距離
  鏡頭
鏡頭
△ 廣角鏡頭 - 透視強、張力強、易變形、景深
強

△望遠鏡頭 - 壓縮透視、景深淺

△光圈愈大,景深愈淺;光圈愈小,景深愈深

△鏡頭愈長,景深愈淺;鏡頭愈短,景深愈深

△距離愈近,景深愈淺;距離愈遠,景深愈深
P an / Tilt
Dolly / Truck
Zoom
色溫 / 對白
對焦
主題
▲ 要有一個鮮明的主題

▲ 把注意力引向被攝主體

▲ 必須畫面簡潔
1. 穩定攝影機

△穩正確握攝影姿

△三腳架
2. 不同景別

△全景 / 遠景
△中景
△近景 - 想
3. 不同角度

△高角
△平角
△低角
4. 變焦

△   zoom
△   換定焦鏡頭
5. 要豐富畫面
△不同景別
△不同角度
△穩定
△定景 最多
△ Pan/Title/Zoom/Focus/
△Speed/Fade
6.Pan/Title
△停動停
△一個方向
△找點到點
△構圖到構圖
△想引導觀眾去看什麼
7. 故事 - 戲
Where 在哪裡
When 什麼時間
   Who 誰
 What 幹什麼
 Why 為什麼
  How 如何
8. 有關 時間轉移
     黃昏
     夜景
     水流
     晨光
   季節 / 花草
9. 空間轉移
   電梯
行駛中的車子
   走路
10. 出場
△ Walk in out
 △ 腳 Title up
△ Title Down 到主角
△從不明到清楚
△ Open/Close
練習
 一個小故事
發生在你的場域
儘可能應用
△不同景別
△不同角度
△穩定
△定景 最多
△ Pan/Title/Zoom/Focus/
△ Speed/Fade
主客觀
  與
Eyeline
構圖 / 背景
訪問構圖範例
打光基本概念
測光 / 曝光
Naturalism/Pictorlism
Hard/Soft
Light Source
The Direction Light
Lighting Ratios
收音技巧
錄音注意事項
△盡可能外接錄音
 Shotgun/ Min Mic
△ 盡可能靠近音源 (1/4)
△ 雜音比 (Noise Ratio )
剪接
練習
訪問一位人物
  有趣
  感人
   真
參考資料


1.Herbert Zettl, Video Basics, Wadsworth Publish   Company,1995

2.Tom Schroeppel, The Bare Bones Camera Course For

 Film and Video,1994

3.Roy Thompson, Grammar of The Shot, Focal Press,1998

4. 施威銘 , 賴吉欽 , 正確學會數位攝影的 16 堂課 , 旗標 ,2010
5.Edward Pincus, Steven Ascher, 王瑋 , 黃克義 , 電影製作手冊
6.New York Institute of Photography,1999
7.Kodak lighting.

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