El documento describe las características del movimiento uniformemente acelerado y de la caída libre. Todos los cuerpos caen con la misma aceleración constante debido a la gravedad. En la caída libre, la velocidad vertical aumenta mientras que la velocidad horizontal permanece constante. La aceleración es constante en magnitud y dirección durante todo el movimiento.
Las aves de Piura son diversas, incluyendo aves acuáticas como garzas, patos y gaviotas que habitan humedales y playas, así como aves terrestres como palomas, golondrinas y colibríes que viven en áreas urbanas y rurales.
On September 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked four commercial airplanes and crashed them into the World Trade Center towers in New York City, the Pentagon near Washington, D.C., and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, resulting in extensive death and destruction that changed life in America. The author is encouraging people to remember and honor those who died on that day.
The Chief Admin Officer oversees administrative functions and personnel. They are responsible for compiling and arranging data to produce various reports, maintaining security clearance records, and distributing forms. The position provides general administrative support, manages information, and acts as a liaison both internally and externally. Requirements include a General Secretary degree and proficiency in MS Office applications, as well as sound communication, organizational, and problem-solving skills gained through formal training. The Chief Admin Officer reports to the Senior Manager and oversees the Admin Officer and Administration Manager.
El documento describe tres tipos de movimiento: caída libre, lanzamiento horizontal y lanzamiento parabólico. La caída libre tiene una velocidad inicial de cero que aumenta de forma uniformemente acelerada. En un lanzamiento horizontal, la velocidad horizontal es constante mientras la velocidad vertical aumenta de forma uniformemente acelerada debido a la gravedad. Un lanzamiento parabólico tiene una velocidad vertical que disminuye al subir, una velocidad horizontal constante, y una velocidad vertical de cero en el punto
El documento describe las cuatro fases de un motor de gasolina: 1) Admisión, donde el pistón aspira la mezcla de aire y combustible; 2) Compresión, donde la mezcla se comprime; 3) Expansión, donde la mezcla se enciende y expande empujando el pistón; 4) Escape, donde los gases de la combustión salen a través de la válvula de escape, cerrándose ésta y abriéndose la de admisión para reiniciar el ciclo.
El documento describe las características del movimiento uniformemente acelerado y de la caída libre. Todos los cuerpos caen con la misma aceleración constante debido a la gravedad. En la caída libre, la velocidad vertical aumenta mientras que la velocidad horizontal permanece constante. La aceleración es constante en magnitud y dirección durante todo el movimiento.
Las aves de Piura son diversas, incluyendo aves acuáticas como garzas, patos y gaviotas que habitan humedales y playas, así como aves terrestres como palomas, golondrinas y colibríes que viven en áreas urbanas y rurales.
On September 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked four commercial airplanes and crashed them into the World Trade Center towers in New York City, the Pentagon near Washington, D.C., and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, resulting in extensive death and destruction that changed life in America. The author is encouraging people to remember and honor those who died on that day.
The Chief Admin Officer oversees administrative functions and personnel. They are responsible for compiling and arranging data to produce various reports, maintaining security clearance records, and distributing forms. The position provides general administrative support, manages information, and acts as a liaison both internally and externally. Requirements include a General Secretary degree and proficiency in MS Office applications, as well as sound communication, organizational, and problem-solving skills gained through formal training. The Chief Admin Officer reports to the Senior Manager and oversees the Admin Officer and Administration Manager.
El documento describe tres tipos de movimiento: caída libre, lanzamiento horizontal y lanzamiento parabólico. La caída libre tiene una velocidad inicial de cero que aumenta de forma uniformemente acelerada. En un lanzamiento horizontal, la velocidad horizontal es constante mientras la velocidad vertical aumenta de forma uniformemente acelerada debido a la gravedad. Un lanzamiento parabólico tiene una velocidad vertical que disminuye al subir, una velocidad horizontal constante, y una velocidad vertical de cero en el punto
El documento describe las cuatro fases de un motor de gasolina: 1) Admisión, donde el pistón aspira la mezcla de aire y combustible; 2) Compresión, donde la mezcla se comprime; 3) Expansión, donde la mezcla se enciende y expande empujando el pistón; 4) Escape, donde los gases de la combustión salen a través de la válvula de escape, cerrándose ésta y abriéndose la de admisión para reiniciar el ciclo.
ZMPCZM016000.11.23 Electrotherapy for pain managementpainezeeman
This document summarizes research on the use of electrotherapy/electrical stimulation for pain management. It discusses two major theories for how electrotherapy relieves pain through gate control and opiate-mediated control. Research studies cited found electrotherapy effective at reducing pain and improving function for chronic musculoskeletal pain, low back pain, and post-operative knee pain. Meta-analyses showed significant decreases in pain from electrical nerve stimulation and reductions in analgesic consumption when using adequate stimulation parameters.
ZMPCZM016000.11.22 effect of the frequency of TENS on the postoperative opio...painezeeman
This study examined the effects of different frequencies of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on postoperative opioid requirements. 100 women undergoing gynecological surgery received patient-controlled analgesia and were assigned to receive sham TENS, low-frequency TENS, high-frequency TENS, or mixed-frequency TENS. Mixed-frequency TENS provided the greatest opioid-sparing effect, decreasing morphine requirements by 53% compared to sham TENS. Low and high frequencies also decreased requirements by 32% and 35% respectively. All active TENS groups had shorter PCA therapy duration and less nausea, dizziness, and itching than the sham group.
ZMPCZM016000.11.20 TENS can reduce postoperative analgesic consumption.A meta...painezeeman
TENS can reduce postoperative analgesic consumption according to a meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled trials. The analysis found that TENS reduced overall analgesic use by 26.5% compared to placebo. For trials using strong, subnoxious TENS at adequate frequencies, analgesic consumption was reduced by 35.5% compared to 4.1% for trials without these optimal parameters. The difference between optimal and non-optimal TENS was statistically significant, indicating TENS can significantly reduce pain medication needs when administered optimally.
ZMPCZM016000.11.10 New perspectives in Edema control Via Electrical Stimulationpainezeeman
This document summarizes the historical evidence for using electrical stimulation (ES), particularly high-voltage pulsed current (HVPC), to treat acute edema. It finds that while ES has been commonly used anecdotally for over 200 years, there is little controlled research to support its efficacy. The few early studies that reported benefits of HVPC provided little evidence and no references. More recent animal studies have found no significant effects of HVPC on existing edema. Overall, the document concludes that while HVPC is frequently advocated for edema control, the evidence from controlled studies to support its therapeutic effects is still remarkably weak.
ZMPCZM016000.11.09 Electrotherpay study summaries for surgeons provided by me...painezeeman
1) Several studies examined the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) after shoulder and knee surgeries.
2) The studies found that TENS reduced pain levels and analgesic consumption after shoulder surgery compared to placebo. EMS improved quadriceps strength and gait more than voluntary exercise alone after ACL reconstruction.
3) Home interferential current therapy also reduced pain, edema, and improved range of motion more than placebo after ACL reconstruction, meniscectomy, or knee chondroplasty procedures.
ZMPCZM016000.11.08 Applications of TENS in the management of Patients with painpainezeeman
This article reviews recent literature on the application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management. Several studies have found TENS to be effective for acute postoperative pain, reducing medication needs and facilitating earlier recovery. TENS placed near surgical incisions reduced pain and medication requirements after procedures like laparotomy, cholecystectomy, and laminectomy. TENS may also benefit rehabilitation after knee surgery by reducing pain and narcotic use, allowing for earlier quadriceps strengthening and range of motion. While specific stimulation settings do not seem to impact outcomes, proper electrode placement is important. Overall, TENS is an effective non-pharmacological option for acute pain that facilitates recovery after surgery and injury.
This article reviews recent literature on the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to manage acute and chronic pain. For acute pain, TENS has been shown to reduce postoperative pain and medication use when electrodes are placed near incisions and used continuously for 48-72 hours. Studies of TENS for acute dental pain and labor also found it provided pain relief. Treatment outcomes are evaluated using subjective pain ratings and objective measures like pulmonary function and range of motion. While TENS provides pain relief for many acute conditions, its effectiveness for chronic pain varies more between individuals. More research is needed to determine which chronic pain patients respond best to TENS.
This article reviews recent literature on the application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management. Several studies have found TENS to be effective for acute postoperative pain, reducing medication needs and facilitating earlier recovery. TENS placed near surgical incisions reduced pain and medication requirements after procedures like laparotomy, cholecystectomy, and laminectomy. TENS may also benefit rehabilitation after knee surgery by reducing pain and narcotic use, allowing for earlier quadriceps strengthening and range of motion. While specific stimulation settings do not seem to impact outcomes, proper electrode placement is important. Overall, TENS is an effective non-pharmacological option for acute pain that facilitates recovery after surgery and injury.
ZMPCZM016000.11.07 Analgesic effects of TENS & IFC on heat pain in healthy su...painezeeman
This study examined the analgesic effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and interferential currents (IFC) on heat pain thresholds in healthy subjects. 48 subjects were randomly assigned to receive either TENS, IFC, or no stimulation for 30 minutes. Heat pain thresholds were measured before, during, and after stimulation. Both TENS and IFC significantly increased heat pain thresholds during stimulation compared to no stimulation. While the effect of TENS did not last long after stimulation, IFC maintained elevated heat pain thresholds for at least 30 minutes following stimulation. The study concluded that both TENS and IFC can effectively reduce heat pain sensitivity in healthy subjects, with IFC having longer-lasting effects.
ZMPCZM016000.11.04 A clinical trail of NMES in improving quadraceps muscle st...painezeeman
This clinical trial investigated whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) could improve quadriceps muscle strength and activation in women with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee. Thirty women were randomly assigned to either receive NMES treatments 3 times per week for 4 weeks or to a control group that received no treatment. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 5 and 16 weeks post-enrollment and found no improvements in muscle strength or activation in the NMES group compared to controls. The study was limited by a small sample size and lack of blinding, suggesting further research is needed to determine an effective dosage of NMES for this population.
This clinical trial investigated whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) could improve quadriceps muscle strength and activation in women with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee. Thirty women were randomly assigned to either receive NMES treatments three times per week for four weeks or to a control group that received no treatment. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 5 and 16 weeks post-enrollment and found no improvements in muscle strength or activation in the NMES group compared to controls. The study was limited by a small sample size and lack of blinding of the assessor and participants to group assignment. Four weeks of NMES may have been insufficient to induce gains in this population and future research is needed to examine longer or more
ZMPCZM016000.13.03 Certificate of compliancepainezeeman
The Certificate of Compliance certifies that the Zynex Medical NexWave TENS unit was tested and found to comply with IEC 60601-1 and IEC 60601-2-10 standards. The NexWave is a portable TENS unit that can be powered by an internal battery or external power supply and has two independent stimulation channels to apply electrical stimulation to skin sites via electrode pads. Compliance testing was performed by Compliance Integrity Services and the NexWave was
This certificate certifies that Zynex Medical, Inc. has been audited and its quality system for producing electro-therapy devices has been found to conform with the relevant EU directives. The certificate covers Zynex Medical's NexWave electro-therapy device. The audit was conducted on December 7, 2011 and the certificate is valid until January 1, 2017, allowing Zynex Medical to affix the CE marking to conforming products.
ZMPCZM019000.11.04 Evidenced based guidelines for Migrane Headache : Behaviou...painezeeman
The document summarizes evidence from studies on behavioral and physical treatments for migraine headaches. It finds that relaxation training, thermal biofeedback plus relaxation training, EMG biofeedback therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy led to statistically significant improvements in headache frequency and severity, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large. Combining cognitive-behavioral therapy with thermal biofeedback produced more modest improvements. Studies of acupuncture for migraines showed mixed results, with some finding it more effective than sham treatments and others finding no difference compared to sham interventions.
ZMPCZM019000.11.03 EMG based evaluation & therapy concept for pelvic floor Dy...painezeeman
(1) EMG is used to directly measure pelvic floor muscle function and innervation for evaluating and treating dysfunctions like incontinence. (2) A 4-channel EMG system measures the pelvic floor and surrounding muscles during standardized tests to analyze coordination and identify issues. (3) Biofeedback training then focuses on re-educating the pelvic floor muscle through isolated activation exercises and integrating it into whole body movements and daily activities. (4) Retests assess changes in muscle activation, endurance, and coordination from the training.
This document provides an introduction to kinesiological electromyography (EMG). It discusses the basics of EMG including:
- The origin of the EMG signal from motor unit action potentials generated by muscle fiber membranes.
- How the EMG signal is detected using surface electrodes and processed to analyze muscle activation patterns.
- Key concepts for interpreting the EMG signal including recruitment, firing frequency, and the interference pattern resulting from the superposition of multiple motor unit action potentials.
- Guidelines for proper EMG signal acquisition and processing to obtain meaningful data on muscle function.
This document discusses surface electromyography (sEMG) scans, which allow chiropractors to detect elevated or imbalanced muscle activity that may be associated with spinal subluxations. The sEMG scan technology uses normative databases and statistical analysis of minute muscle measurements to provide an image of back muscle activity. Chiropractors can identify areas of elevated muscle activity along the spine and imbalances across the spine. Repeated sEMG scans during treatment allow monitoring of patient progress by comparing readings over time. The results help chiropractors provide more effective treatment and documentation.
ZMPCZM017000.11.11 Home based EMG Triggered stimulation in chronic strokepainezeeman
This study investigated the feasibility and efficacy of home-based electromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation (ETMS) for chronic stroke patients with limited wrist extension. Twelve chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to receive either 8 weeks of ETMS followed by 8 weeks of home exercises, or vice versa. Outcome measures assessed wrist extension range of motion and impairment scales. Results showed that both groups increased active wrist extension by 21 degrees after ETMS, but no significant changes on impairment scales. The study concluded that home-based ETMS is feasible and can increase wrist extension, but does not significantly impact impairment scales.
This pilot study assessed the efficacy of electromyogram (EMG)-triggered neuromuscular stimulation (EMG-stim) for improving arm function in acute stroke survivors. Nine subjects within 6 weeks of their first stroke were randomly assigned to an EMG-stim group or control group. The EMG-stim group received two 30-minute EMG-stim sessions per day during rehabilitation, while the control group received wrist strengthening exercises without EMG-stim. Subjects treated with EMG-stim showed significantly greater gains in Fugl-Meyer motor assessment scores and Functional Independence Measure scores compared to the control group, suggesting that EMG-stim enhances arm function in acute stroke survivors.
ZMPCZM016000.11.23 Electrotherapy for pain managementpainezeeman
This document summarizes research on the use of electrotherapy/electrical stimulation for pain management. It discusses two major theories for how electrotherapy relieves pain through gate control and opiate-mediated control. Research studies cited found electrotherapy effective at reducing pain and improving function for chronic musculoskeletal pain, low back pain, and post-operative knee pain. Meta-analyses showed significant decreases in pain from electrical nerve stimulation and reductions in analgesic consumption when using adequate stimulation parameters.
ZMPCZM016000.11.22 effect of the frequency of TENS on the postoperative opio...painezeeman
This study examined the effects of different frequencies of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on postoperative opioid requirements. 100 women undergoing gynecological surgery received patient-controlled analgesia and were assigned to receive sham TENS, low-frequency TENS, high-frequency TENS, or mixed-frequency TENS. Mixed-frequency TENS provided the greatest opioid-sparing effect, decreasing morphine requirements by 53% compared to sham TENS. Low and high frequencies also decreased requirements by 32% and 35% respectively. All active TENS groups had shorter PCA therapy duration and less nausea, dizziness, and itching than the sham group.
ZMPCZM016000.11.20 TENS can reduce postoperative analgesic consumption.A meta...painezeeman
TENS can reduce postoperative analgesic consumption according to a meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled trials. The analysis found that TENS reduced overall analgesic use by 26.5% compared to placebo. For trials using strong, subnoxious TENS at adequate frequencies, analgesic consumption was reduced by 35.5% compared to 4.1% for trials without these optimal parameters. The difference between optimal and non-optimal TENS was statistically significant, indicating TENS can significantly reduce pain medication needs when administered optimally.
ZMPCZM016000.11.10 New perspectives in Edema control Via Electrical Stimulationpainezeeman
This document summarizes the historical evidence for using electrical stimulation (ES), particularly high-voltage pulsed current (HVPC), to treat acute edema. It finds that while ES has been commonly used anecdotally for over 200 years, there is little controlled research to support its efficacy. The few early studies that reported benefits of HVPC provided little evidence and no references. More recent animal studies have found no significant effects of HVPC on existing edema. Overall, the document concludes that while HVPC is frequently advocated for edema control, the evidence from controlled studies to support its therapeutic effects is still remarkably weak.
ZMPCZM016000.11.09 Electrotherpay study summaries for surgeons provided by me...painezeeman
1) Several studies examined the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) after shoulder and knee surgeries.
2) The studies found that TENS reduced pain levels and analgesic consumption after shoulder surgery compared to placebo. EMS improved quadriceps strength and gait more than voluntary exercise alone after ACL reconstruction.
3) Home interferential current therapy also reduced pain, edema, and improved range of motion more than placebo after ACL reconstruction, meniscectomy, or knee chondroplasty procedures.
ZMPCZM016000.11.08 Applications of TENS in the management of Patients with painpainezeeman
This article reviews recent literature on the application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management. Several studies have found TENS to be effective for acute postoperative pain, reducing medication needs and facilitating earlier recovery. TENS placed near surgical incisions reduced pain and medication requirements after procedures like laparotomy, cholecystectomy, and laminectomy. TENS may also benefit rehabilitation after knee surgery by reducing pain and narcotic use, allowing for earlier quadriceps strengthening and range of motion. While specific stimulation settings do not seem to impact outcomes, proper electrode placement is important. Overall, TENS is an effective non-pharmacological option for acute pain that facilitates recovery after surgery and injury.
This article reviews recent literature on the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to manage acute and chronic pain. For acute pain, TENS has been shown to reduce postoperative pain and medication use when electrodes are placed near incisions and used continuously for 48-72 hours. Studies of TENS for acute dental pain and labor also found it provided pain relief. Treatment outcomes are evaluated using subjective pain ratings and objective measures like pulmonary function and range of motion. While TENS provides pain relief for many acute conditions, its effectiveness for chronic pain varies more between individuals. More research is needed to determine which chronic pain patients respond best to TENS.
This article reviews recent literature on the application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management. Several studies have found TENS to be effective for acute postoperative pain, reducing medication needs and facilitating earlier recovery. TENS placed near surgical incisions reduced pain and medication requirements after procedures like laparotomy, cholecystectomy, and laminectomy. TENS may also benefit rehabilitation after knee surgery by reducing pain and narcotic use, allowing for earlier quadriceps strengthening and range of motion. While specific stimulation settings do not seem to impact outcomes, proper electrode placement is important. Overall, TENS is an effective non-pharmacological option for acute pain that facilitates recovery after surgery and injury.
ZMPCZM016000.11.07 Analgesic effects of TENS & IFC on heat pain in healthy su...painezeeman
This study examined the analgesic effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and interferential currents (IFC) on heat pain thresholds in healthy subjects. 48 subjects were randomly assigned to receive either TENS, IFC, or no stimulation for 30 minutes. Heat pain thresholds were measured before, during, and after stimulation. Both TENS and IFC significantly increased heat pain thresholds during stimulation compared to no stimulation. While the effect of TENS did not last long after stimulation, IFC maintained elevated heat pain thresholds for at least 30 minutes following stimulation. The study concluded that both TENS and IFC can effectively reduce heat pain sensitivity in healthy subjects, with IFC having longer-lasting effects.
ZMPCZM016000.11.04 A clinical trail of NMES in improving quadraceps muscle st...painezeeman
This clinical trial investigated whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) could improve quadriceps muscle strength and activation in women with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee. Thirty women were randomly assigned to either receive NMES treatments 3 times per week for 4 weeks or to a control group that received no treatment. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 5 and 16 weeks post-enrollment and found no improvements in muscle strength or activation in the NMES group compared to controls. The study was limited by a small sample size and lack of blinding, suggesting further research is needed to determine an effective dosage of NMES for this population.
This clinical trial investigated whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) could improve quadriceps muscle strength and activation in women with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee. Thirty women were randomly assigned to either receive NMES treatments three times per week for four weeks or to a control group that received no treatment. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 5 and 16 weeks post-enrollment and found no improvements in muscle strength or activation in the NMES group compared to controls. The study was limited by a small sample size and lack of blinding of the assessor and participants to group assignment. Four weeks of NMES may have been insufficient to induce gains in this population and future research is needed to examine longer or more
ZMPCZM016000.13.03 Certificate of compliancepainezeeman
The Certificate of Compliance certifies that the Zynex Medical NexWave TENS unit was tested and found to comply with IEC 60601-1 and IEC 60601-2-10 standards. The NexWave is a portable TENS unit that can be powered by an internal battery or external power supply and has two independent stimulation channels to apply electrical stimulation to skin sites via electrode pads. Compliance testing was performed by Compliance Integrity Services and the NexWave was
This certificate certifies that Zynex Medical, Inc. has been audited and its quality system for producing electro-therapy devices has been found to conform with the relevant EU directives. The certificate covers Zynex Medical's NexWave electro-therapy device. The audit was conducted on December 7, 2011 and the certificate is valid until January 1, 2017, allowing Zynex Medical to affix the CE marking to conforming products.
ZMPCZM019000.11.04 Evidenced based guidelines for Migrane Headache : Behaviou...painezeeman
The document summarizes evidence from studies on behavioral and physical treatments for migraine headaches. It finds that relaxation training, thermal biofeedback plus relaxation training, EMG biofeedback therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy led to statistically significant improvements in headache frequency and severity, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large. Combining cognitive-behavioral therapy with thermal biofeedback produced more modest improvements. Studies of acupuncture for migraines showed mixed results, with some finding it more effective than sham treatments and others finding no difference compared to sham interventions.
ZMPCZM019000.11.03 EMG based evaluation & therapy concept for pelvic floor Dy...painezeeman
(1) EMG is used to directly measure pelvic floor muscle function and innervation for evaluating and treating dysfunctions like incontinence. (2) A 4-channel EMG system measures the pelvic floor and surrounding muscles during standardized tests to analyze coordination and identify issues. (3) Biofeedback training then focuses on re-educating the pelvic floor muscle through isolated activation exercises and integrating it into whole body movements and daily activities. (4) Retests assess changes in muscle activation, endurance, and coordination from the training.
This document provides an introduction to kinesiological electromyography (EMG). It discusses the basics of EMG including:
- The origin of the EMG signal from motor unit action potentials generated by muscle fiber membranes.
- How the EMG signal is detected using surface electrodes and processed to analyze muscle activation patterns.
- Key concepts for interpreting the EMG signal including recruitment, firing frequency, and the interference pattern resulting from the superposition of multiple motor unit action potentials.
- Guidelines for proper EMG signal acquisition and processing to obtain meaningful data on muscle function.
This document discusses surface electromyography (sEMG) scans, which allow chiropractors to detect elevated or imbalanced muscle activity that may be associated with spinal subluxations. The sEMG scan technology uses normative databases and statistical analysis of minute muscle measurements to provide an image of back muscle activity. Chiropractors can identify areas of elevated muscle activity along the spine and imbalances across the spine. Repeated sEMG scans during treatment allow monitoring of patient progress by comparing readings over time. The results help chiropractors provide more effective treatment and documentation.
ZMPCZM017000.11.11 Home based EMG Triggered stimulation in chronic strokepainezeeman
This study investigated the feasibility and efficacy of home-based electromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation (ETMS) for chronic stroke patients with limited wrist extension. Twelve chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to receive either 8 weeks of ETMS followed by 8 weeks of home exercises, or vice versa. Outcome measures assessed wrist extension range of motion and impairment scales. Results showed that both groups increased active wrist extension by 21 degrees after ETMS, but no significant changes on impairment scales. The study concluded that home-based ETMS is feasible and can increase wrist extension, but does not significantly impact impairment scales.
This pilot study assessed the efficacy of electromyogram (EMG)-triggered neuromuscular stimulation (EMG-stim) for improving arm function in acute stroke survivors. Nine subjects within 6 weeks of their first stroke were randomly assigned to an EMG-stim group or control group. The EMG-stim group received two 30-minute EMG-stim sessions per day during rehabilitation, while the control group received wrist strengthening exercises without EMG-stim. Subjects treated with EMG-stim showed significantly greater gains in Fugl-Meyer motor assessment scores and Functional Independence Measure scores compared to the control group, suggesting that EMG-stim enhances arm function in acute stroke survivors.