XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It is built on top of SGML and is an open standard developed by W3C. XML allows users to define their own tags to structure documents and is widely used for data exchange across different systems. Some key advantages of XML include being based on international standards, allowing user-defined tags, and having a hierarchical structure suitable for most document types.

1. Presented By :- Kunal Roy Subranjoy Debnath

2. XML TECHNOLOGY Contents :- Introduction to XML How XML Works Infrastructure of XML Where XML is Used Advantages & Disadvantages of XML

3. e X tensible M arkup L anguage File extension : .xml MIME type : application/xml , text/xml (deprecated) Uniform Type : public.xml Identifier Type of format : Markup Language Extended form : SGML

4. What Is XML ? e X tensible M arkup L anguage (XML) Markup Language for documents containing structured information Defined by four specifications: XML , the eXtensible Markup Language XLL , the eXtensible Linking Language XSL , the eXtensible Style Language XUA , the XML User Agent

5. XML… Based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) ISO-8879 . Version 1.0 introduced by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1998 . Bridge for data exchange on the Web . XML is cross platform , hardware & software independent language . An XML document is attached to a Document Type Definition which describes its structure .

6. Comparisons XML & HTML XML HTML Extensible set of tags Content oriented Standard Data infrastructure Allows multiple output forms Fixed set of tags Presentation oriented No data validation capabilities Single presentation

8. Processing Instruction : XML document usually begins with the Processing Instruction(PI). Example of a PI statement - <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?> Tags : Tags are used to identifying data. Data is marked-up by using tags. Opening & Closing angular bracket(<>) are enclose the name of the Tags. <NAME>Rajesh Mittal</NAME>

9. Elements : Basic units used to identify and describe data . Elements are represented by using tags . XML document must have a root element . Content : Example of a content – <BOOKNAME> The Painted House</BOOKNAME> Information represented by the element is referred as the content of that element . Contents are further divided into :- Element Content Data Content Mixed Content

10. Attributes : Attributes provide additional information . Elements can have one or more attributes . Attribute consists of a name value pair . Comments : It is a good programming practice . Example of comment entry – <!– PRODUCTDATA is the root element --> Comments are used to explain the code .

11. Document Type Definition (DTD) : DTD defines the structure of the content of an XML document . It specifies the elements along with their attributes that can be present in the XML document . Types of DTD – Internal DTD External DTD

12. XML Schema : It is used to define the structure of XML document. It defines the list if elements & attributes . An XML Schema also specifies the order in which the elements appear & also their data types . Feature DTD Schema Syntax Non – XML syntax XML syntax Namespaces No Support Supports Namespaces Inheritance No Support Supports Inheritance Data Type Support Limited to String format Wide range of data types including , string , real , etc. Applicability Wide spread due to many years of practical application Comparatively New

13. XML is used to exchange structured documents over internet . XML can be used as a format to transfer structured data between heterogeneous systems as it is platform independent . XML can be used effectively with applications like Java . XML can be used to create new languages e.g. WML , VRML .

14. Advantages :- It is based on International Standards . It has User Specific Vocabulary , i.e. user defined tags can be created . The Hierarchical Structure is suitable for almost all types of documents . It is platform independent , thus relatively immune to changes in technology .

15. XML provides the feature of conditional formatting of a document which HTML does not provide . Forward & backward compatibility are easy to maintain despite the changes in DTD or Schema . Disadvantages :- Repetition : In XML every element and attribute name for every element and attribute instance has to be repeated . External References : The biggest performance risk for XML comes from the fact that it can include external files .

16. Thank You