The document discusses how the problem of suffering exists not just in human society, but also in the natural world. Both animals and plants experience pain and hardship to some degree. From a scientific perspective, the second law of thermodynamics shows that entropy increases over time in the physical world, analogous to the idea of evil. While the existence of evil and suffering poses a challenge to the notion of an all-good God, the author analyzes Pannenberg and Keller's theological approaches to theodicy in dialogue with modern science.