Indonesia aspires to play a larger global role but questions remain about whether it has the domestic capabilities to do so. Key issues include strengthening democratic institutions and governance, promoting economic reforms to attract investment, ensuring consistency in policies, and addressing regional autonomy and diversity issues. Indonesia needs to focus on domestic challenges like reducing poverty while also deciding which global issues it can most impact.
The document summarizes Indonesia's upcoming 2014 national elections, including key dates and processes. The legislative elections will be held on April 9th to select members of parliament, while the first round of presidential elections will take place on July 9th. The elections will see Indonesians vote for parliamentary representatives at the national, provincial, and district levels. Leading presidential candidates are discussed, along with the nomination requirements to run. An overview is also provided of Indonesia's major political parties and the electoral system used to allocate parliamentary seats.
This document summarizes the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan's (ACCJ) policy document on promoting foreign direct investment (FDI) in Japan. It discusses Prime Minister Koizumi's goal of doubling Japan's FDI stock by 2008 to help revive the economy. While there have been some positive steps taken, reactions to increased FDI have been mixed, with some fearing it could reduce jobs. The ACCJ believes FDI benefits Japan's economy, workers, and consumers based on research conducted. It calls for more data and analysis to address critics' concerns.
Indonesian overseas-debt-relationship-for-economic-development-in-sharia-econ...Anno Tsanjay
1) The document analyzes the relationship between foreign debt and economic development in Indonesia from 2010-2019, as well as perspectives on foreign debt from Islamic economics.
2) It finds that foreign debt in Indonesia has a strong correlation with economic growth and development over the period studied.
3) From an Islamic economics perspective, government foreign debt is permissible if the form and mechanisms of cooperation adhere to Sharia principles and are for the benefit of the people.
Indonesian Trade and Investment Quarterly
3rd Quarter 2015
President Jokowi recently announced Indonesia's intention to join the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) within two years, following statements by the trade minister. However, actually joining the TPP will be challenging due to potential domestic resistance and the reforms needed to comply with TPP standards. Indonesia must overcome obstacles in its legislature and courts, reform laws and state-owned enterprises, and address public skepticism of free trade agreements. Moving ahead, Indonesia can take gradual steps by concluding other agreements and keeping its focus on the long-term economic benefits of TPP membership.
Sinoindianeconomicrelationscompetitionandpartnership1 1224309877426672-9OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
China and India have experienced rapid economic growth in recent decades but have taken different paths. China has grown faster through higher investment rates, exports, and infrastructure spending while India's growth has been more equitable but slower. Both countries face issues of sustainability, inequality, and need to address agriculture and employment. While China has stronger manufacturing and infrastructure and India has advantages in services, both see opportunities in trading with each other and facing competition. Overall the countries share similarities in their large populations and economies but have taken different political and economic approaches.
The document discusses several issues facing India and proposes reforms in various sectors including public services, higher education, consumer price index, fiscal deficit, pensions/insurance, currency/interest rates, banking, agriculture, infrastructure, and the environment. It argues that India needs to develop frameworks for accountability, increase transparency, liberalize restrictions on investments, reform markets, and address financing and regulatory constraints to support growth in these important areas.
Released the nationality of the nationpra_yoga2305
Integrity is a manifestation of the integrity of the Nation's moral and ethical principles. Beginning with the disappearance of the Pancasila position and the weakening of legal sanctions, which are the most visible manifestations of state power in carrying out obligations are inadequate in terminating acts of corruption. One thing that needs to be instilled in
everyone, especially youth, at this time is an attitude of integrity. Integrity in every person who truly has the heart to change this Nation and country. Trimming bureaucracy or restructuring the administration also cannot guarantee a change for this Nation. Integrity is a small thing that
is often ignored by many people, but in it, there is one high power that can change this Nation. Youth plays a vital role in upholding the independence of the Nation and state. The child who has pro-Indonesian thoughts and who fear God in every step to make changes to Indonesia.
The document discusses local economic growth in the UK. Key points:
- Three quarters of local government leaders see economic growth as the most critical issue over the next 5 years.
- Local growth schemes are seen as more effective than national schemes by local leaders.
- Local Enterprise Partnerships set up to boost growth have had mixed effectiveness, with 44% of leaders saying they've not boosted growth. A lack of funding is a key barrier.
- Councils are well placed to drive local growth but have faced funding cuts, limiting their ability to invest in infrastructure, skills, and business support. Greater funding autonomy and freedom are needed for councils to fulfill their growth role.
The document summarizes Indonesia's upcoming 2014 national elections, including key dates and processes. The legislative elections will be held on April 9th to select members of parliament, while the first round of presidential elections will take place on July 9th. The elections will see Indonesians vote for parliamentary representatives at the national, provincial, and district levels. Leading presidential candidates are discussed, along with the nomination requirements to run. An overview is also provided of Indonesia's major political parties and the electoral system used to allocate parliamentary seats.
This document summarizes the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan's (ACCJ) policy document on promoting foreign direct investment (FDI) in Japan. It discusses Prime Minister Koizumi's goal of doubling Japan's FDI stock by 2008 to help revive the economy. While there have been some positive steps taken, reactions to increased FDI have been mixed, with some fearing it could reduce jobs. The ACCJ believes FDI benefits Japan's economy, workers, and consumers based on research conducted. It calls for more data and analysis to address critics' concerns.
Indonesian overseas-debt-relationship-for-economic-development-in-sharia-econ...Anno Tsanjay
1) The document analyzes the relationship between foreign debt and economic development in Indonesia from 2010-2019, as well as perspectives on foreign debt from Islamic economics.
2) It finds that foreign debt in Indonesia has a strong correlation with economic growth and development over the period studied.
3) From an Islamic economics perspective, government foreign debt is permissible if the form and mechanisms of cooperation adhere to Sharia principles and are for the benefit of the people.
Indonesian Trade and Investment Quarterly
3rd Quarter 2015
President Jokowi recently announced Indonesia's intention to join the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) within two years, following statements by the trade minister. However, actually joining the TPP will be challenging due to potential domestic resistance and the reforms needed to comply with TPP standards. Indonesia must overcome obstacles in its legislature and courts, reform laws and state-owned enterprises, and address public skepticism of free trade agreements. Moving ahead, Indonesia can take gradual steps by concluding other agreements and keeping its focus on the long-term economic benefits of TPP membership.
Sinoindianeconomicrelationscompetitionandpartnership1 1224309877426672-9OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
China and India have experienced rapid economic growth in recent decades but have taken different paths. China has grown faster through higher investment rates, exports, and infrastructure spending while India's growth has been more equitable but slower. Both countries face issues of sustainability, inequality, and need to address agriculture and employment. While China has stronger manufacturing and infrastructure and India has advantages in services, both see opportunities in trading with each other and facing competition. Overall the countries share similarities in their large populations and economies but have taken different political and economic approaches.
The document discusses several issues facing India and proposes reforms in various sectors including public services, higher education, consumer price index, fiscal deficit, pensions/insurance, currency/interest rates, banking, agriculture, infrastructure, and the environment. It argues that India needs to develop frameworks for accountability, increase transparency, liberalize restrictions on investments, reform markets, and address financing and regulatory constraints to support growth in these important areas.
Released the nationality of the nationpra_yoga2305
Integrity is a manifestation of the integrity of the Nation's moral and ethical principles. Beginning with the disappearance of the Pancasila position and the weakening of legal sanctions, which are the most visible manifestations of state power in carrying out obligations are inadequate in terminating acts of corruption. One thing that needs to be instilled in
everyone, especially youth, at this time is an attitude of integrity. Integrity in every person who truly has the heart to change this Nation and country. Trimming bureaucracy or restructuring the administration also cannot guarantee a change for this Nation. Integrity is a small thing that
is often ignored by many people, but in it, there is one high power that can change this Nation. Youth plays a vital role in upholding the independence of the Nation and state. The child who has pro-Indonesian thoughts and who fear God in every step to make changes to Indonesia.
The document discusses local economic growth in the UK. Key points:
- Three quarters of local government leaders see economic growth as the most critical issue over the next 5 years.
- Local growth schemes are seen as more effective than national schemes by local leaders.
- Local Enterprise Partnerships set up to boost growth have had mixed effectiveness, with 44% of leaders saying they've not boosted growth. A lack of funding is a key barrier.
- Councils are well placed to drive local growth but have faced funding cuts, limiting their ability to invest in infrastructure, skills, and business support. Greater funding autonomy and freedom are needed for councils to fulfill their growth role.
The Infrastructure sector has been the key driver for the Indian economy. The sector is critically important for sustaining the momentum of the economic growth, and the Government has undertaken policy interventions and initiatives to boost the sector.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) received in the construction sector (including townships, housing and built-up infrastructure) from April 2000 to March 2017 is estimated at USD 24.3 billion.
CII, over the years, has been working very closely with stakeholders across the infrastructure verticals to stimulate greater private sector investment. This edition of the Policy Watch focuses on the infrastructure sector.
National Real Estate Development Council (NAREDCO) speech building a New Ind...Manoj Benjamin
1) India faces a massive housing shortage of 80 million units, with infrastructure in need of modernization to support its growing population.
2) China has attracted over $350 billion in foreign direct investment since 1980 by prioritizing infrastructure development, pouring $761 billion into over 1500 projects.
3) For India to attract greater foreign investment, it must accelerate reforms like deregulation, privatization, and an improved regulatory system to attract the hundreds of billions needed to fund infrastructure and close the housing gap.
The document discusses India's economic development and the need for reforms to accelerate growth. It argues that India has the potential to grow at 12% annually due to its young population, but significant reforms are needed across sectors like agriculture, education, and infrastructure. To achieve developed status by 2020, India must improve governance, reduce corruption, attract more foreign investment, and empower its youth through education to leverage its demographic dividend over the next 40 years. Overall, the document advocates market-based reforms, accountability, and developing an innovative skilled workforce as keys to realizing India's economic potential.
The document summarizes and compares employment practices in the United States and China. It outlines key aspects of national culture and human resource management practices in the US such as an emphasis on performance-based rewards, anti-unionism, and participative leadership. For China, it describes major labor laws governing employment contracts, termination, and compulsory contract provisions. It also notes recent changes in 2019 to reduce social insurance burdens on Chinese employers.
The document is a business proposal from an Indian renewable energy company called Green Power Generation to invest in a biomass power plant project in Sri Lanka.
Some key points:
1) Green Power Generation proposes to invest over $1.5 million to build a biomass power plant in Sri Lanka, which would qualify for tax exemptions and import duty waivers under Sri Lankan investment incentives.
2) Sri Lanka provides an attractive market due to its growing economy, energy needs, and incentives for renewable energy projects including tax holidays over 10 years for large biomass plants.
3) The proposal analyzes Sri Lanka's economic and energy landscape including power needs, incentives for foreign investment, and opportunity for
Mr. modi, don’t go the abhimanyu way; shear upa’s chains to untie growth genieNaresh Minocha
The write-up is an independent report card, the first of its kind, on Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. It has suggested 12-point strategy for him to give a big push to national development by reinventing governance, by enacting two new laws (National Development and Jobs Creation Act & Dignity of Labour Act), consolidating existing ones such about dozen laws on environment into a single law Environment Protection and Sustainable Development Act.
This document summarizes a presentation on governance issues in Indonesia. It discusses how political and public sector reforms have achieved little beyond the political field. The bureaucracy, judiciary, military, and state-owned enterprises remain characterized by corruption and weak performance. It also examines the tension between improving economic efficiency and redistributing income, and questions how many economic ministries truly serve broad interests. Effective public sector reform, especially of the bureaucracy, is key to Indonesia's future but progress has been patchy. The Ministry of Finance's reform pilot project aims to create a merit-based civil service through competition and performance-based promotion and pay.
This document provides an overview and analysis of the challenges facing India and the priorities of its foreign policy under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It discusses India's large population of poor and need for job creation, as well as challenges like infrastructure, education, healthcare, and climate change. Modi's foreign policy focuses on improving relations with neighboring countries through increased engagement. Key priorities include resolving border issues with Bangladesh, strengthening economic ties with Bhutan and Nepal, and enhancing security cooperation with Sri Lanka. The overall goal is to make India's neighborhood more peaceful and prosperous to support its domestic development objectives.
Ayton_Jacquelynn_Research paper-CSR in Indonesia under Law 40-2007Jacquelynn Ayton
1) The document discusses a law passed in Indonesia in 2007 that made corporate social responsibility policies mandatory. It aimed to address abuses suffered by laborers, society, and the environment from corporations.
2) While the law was seen as progress, implementation has been lacking due to political influence from big businesses opposed to mandatory CSR policies. Politicians have prioritized business interests over fully implementing the law.
3) For CSR to have real impact in Indonesia, the law needs thorough implementation and enforcement. Politicians must put human welfare over profits and bribery from corporations for CSR policies to be effective.
Pakistan has accumulated over $65 billion in total debt, including $35 billion in external debt. Debt servicing consumes nearly half of Pakistan's budget, diverting funds away from critical social services like education, health, and infrastructure. The high debt burden is restricting Pakistan's development and trapping it in a cycle where new loans are taken out just to service old debts. The document proposes several reforms that could help Pakistan escape this debt trap, including increasing tax revenue, improving fiscal management, encouraging investment in water, agriculture and other sectors, and reforming the financial system. Political stability and security are also needed to attract investment and support sustained economic growth.
This document discusses the growing relationship between Japan and India. It notes that Japan and India share fundamental values like democracy and human rights. Economic and investment ties between the countries have increased dramatically due to agreements like the India-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. Japanese investment in India has grown significantly in recent years across sectors like automobiles and pharmaceuticals. However, there is still potential to further strengthen the economic relationship and people-to-people exchanges between Japan and India.
Government role in influencing creative economy for community purchasing powerTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This research was conducted to find out whether the West Java provincial government has implemented the development of creative economy by looking at the form of policy and budget support in APBD and the problem. The results show, West Java Provincial Government has made regional regulations and creative economic blueprints. It is suggested to be more committed to facilitate the marketing of results, facilitate business actor access to banking, protection of intellectual property rights, and enhancement of cooperation between provinces and districts/municipalities for the sustainability of necessary raw materials.
Does Bank Credit Have Any Impact on Nigeria’s Domestic Investment?iosrjce
There is an extensive literature on the role of the bank lending and credit facilities in Nigeria but
most of these literature concentrate on its impact on the gross domestic product. This study focuses on the
impact of Nigeria’s banking sector on domestic investment from 1980 to 2012 bearing in mind that funding is
one of the major challenges of domestic entrepreneurs in Nigeria. A domestic investment model was adopted
and the unit root test was first applied to the data set. All the data are stationary and the ordinary least square
method was used to identify the impact of capital market activities on domestic investment in Nigeria using the
cointegration technique. Findings reveal that bank credit negatively though significantly impacted on domestic
investment in the long run while its short run impact is both positive and significant. This is an indication that
financial intermediation (captured by bank credit to private sector) is a strong driver of domestic investment in
Nigeria only in the short run. The study thus recommends amongst others, the strengthening of Nigeria’s
banking system with more funds and supervisions as well as the encouragement of both foreign and domestic
investments through government’s creation of a more conducive political and economic climate.
This document provides an overview of the banking system in Nepal. It discusses the evolution of banking in Nepal from the establishment of Nepal Bank Ltd. in 1937 as the first modern bank, to the current system which includes 27 commercial banks, 24 development banks, and other financial institutions. The document also examines issues around financial literacy and inclusion in Nepal. It notes that many people in Nepal receive wages, payments, and transfer cash, and digital payments could help bring more people into the formal financial system. The objectives and research questions of the study are also outlined, which focus on exploring the marketing policies of commercial banks and analyzing monetary policy in Nepal.
This document provides an overview of topics related to international business, including:
- The political economy and legal systems of different countries and how they impact business. Three main legal systems are described: common law, civil law, and theocratic law.
- Factors of economic development according to economist Amartya Sen, including life expectancy, education, and income.
- Transition economies that have moved from centrally planned to market-based systems.
- A case study on Japan's economic stagnation since the 1980s and questions for discussion around the causes and potential solutions.
- Announcements about group allocations and topics to be covered in future weeks of an international business course.
The Deputy Governor of Ekiti State, Nigeria delivered a speech at the opening of a Youth Summit organized by the state government and RISE Network. She welcomed the youths to the summit, which aims to provide opportunities for youth to contribute to development, ensure cultural transformation and capacity building of youth, and encourage youth to value education. She highlighted programs initiated by the Governor, including reducing unemployment, engaging 20,000 youths in agriculture by 2014, creating technology parks for businesses, and absorbing over 5,000 youths into government jobs. However, she expressed concern about some youth engaging in crime and called for more efforts to productively engage youth.
INDIA-JAPAN ECONOMIC COOPERATION: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGESRaja Sarkar
India's growing economic might in recent years has seen the country adapting its economic
policy towards several countries to enhance its global influence and status to meet the ever
increasing challenges of the 21st century economy. As a result, India-Japan relations have
undergone a tectonic shift which is directed towards building a strategic and global
partnership between the two countries. India and Japan share a special relationship as
fellow democracies with mutual interests and with a similar desire to seek peaceful
resolutions of conflicts and greater economic engagements in Asia. The signing of the
Indo-Japan Economic Partnership agreement (EPA) in February, 2011 and its subsequent
implementation in August the same year was seen as a major breakthrough in the
economic cooperation between the two countries which could boost bilateral trade and
investment relations between two very large economies in the world. The emergence of
Japan as one of the leading economic powerhouse in the world has been possible due to
intricate planning at economic, political and social levels. The economic development of
any country vis-á-vis the rest of the world depends on a number of factors, such as share in
world trade, finance and investment. Current and future economic and population
dynamics in both the countries mean that India-Japan relations will continue to improve not
just politically but also in economic terms. The present paper will try to find the future
prospects and challenges in the economic cooperation between the two nations.
1Key Summary and Problems Indonesia is composed of.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Key Summary and Problems
Indonesia is composed of over 220 million people spread out over some 17,000 islands. It is also
the world’s most populous Muslim nation, and more than 500 languages are spoken in the
country. Indonesia was once under the control of an oppressive dictator, President Suharto, who
largely held the country together. Under his command, he repressed internal dissent and used the
political system to favor the business enterprises of his supporters and family members. His rule
ultimately crippled Indonesia’s economy, as the country accumulated massive debt during the
1990s.
In 1997, Indonesia faced grave economic problems, and had to be “rescued” by the International
Monetary Fund. Although Indonesia replaced Suharto’s regime with a democratic government,
the country’s economic growth lagged behind that of China, Malaysia, and Thailand. As such,
Indonesia is still plagued with various economic, social, and political problems. First,
unemployment rates are high, and growth in labor productivity has been sluggish. Second,
significant foreign investment, for the most part, has left the country. For example, Sony and
several major apparel companies shut down their respective plants in favor of China and
Vietnam. Third, Indonesia is saddled by the problem of a poor infrastructure, as many people are
without access to safe roads, clean water, and reliable electricity. Fourth, business activity is
stifled in the country due to enormous amounts of red tape, or unnecessarily complicated
bureaucratic procedures. This makes it immensely difficult for startup businesses to get their feet
off the ground and encourage entrepreneurship in the country.
Most significantly, Indonesia faces a grave problem of corruption throughout all levels of
government. Politicians and business executives frequently give and take bribes to further their
personal interests. Additionally, the legal system faces further corruption, as jail time is often
reduced based on the bribing of enforcement officers and associated officials.
Applications of Key Themes
Collectivism v. Individualism
During the 1990s, Indonesia faced enormous debt due to the collectivist ideology of President
Suharto. This case serves as an example of how Collectivism represses the needs of individuals
in pursuit of collective societal goals. However, it also demonstrates the risks associated with the
ideology. For example, by oppressing members of the public who did not support Suharto’s
regime, much of Indonesian society was ultimately hurt economically.
Political Ideology and Economic Systems Are Connected
The regime change of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono introduced democracy into the region. This
new democratic ideology went hand-in-hand with the Indonesian economy’s period of growth
from 2001 to 2010. This serves as a great example of the reading, which states that politics and
economic systems are interdependent of one another, and not se ...
International Assignment
Starbucks in Indonesia
Abstract: In this report, we will firstly be analyzing Indonesia’s political, economic, institutional,
legal and cultural environment. Secondly, we will be looking at Starbucks’ strategy, culture, and
organization. Finally, we discuss the potential organizational and managerial challenges and
problems that we anticipate Starbucks will be facing in Indonesia and the strategies to overcome
these issues.
.
Michele Lu, Siyang Li, Ben Niu, Justin Pacher & Lars Olthof
Global Enterprise Management (MGTN3580)
Professor Tatiana Kostova
Chinese University of Hong Kong
July 26th, 2016
Introduction
Expanding your business into a new
country is never an easy task, and
usually it comes with many different
challenges and problems. Whether
these difficulties are legal barriers of
entry, political instability in the host
country, cultural differences or all of
the above, it often is very frustrating for
businesses wishing to expand
internationally to deal with these issues.
That does not mean however that
opening a foreign subsidiary is without
merit: it provides a company with the opportunity to not only expand its market share, but also the chance
to diversify risks (when one market performs badly, others are able to compensate for these losses.), to
achieve geographic advantages (such as a highly trained pool of potential employees in a certain
companies), and even the possibility to prevent competitors from taking over that specific foreign market.
In our report specifically, we will be looking at the international expansion of Starbucks, a Seattlebased
American coffeehouse chain, into the Indonesian market, the fourth most populous country in the world,
located in Southeast Asia. In order to provide a full and clear overview of the challenges and
opportunities that come with this expansion abroad, this report has been divided into three distinct parts.
In the first part, Indonesia’s political, economic, institutional, legal and cultural environment will be
analyzed. In the second part, we will be looking at Starbucks’ strategy, culture, and organization. Finally,
we discuss the potential organizational and managerial challenges and problems that we anticipate
Starbucks will be facing in Indonesia and the strategies to overcome these issues.
Part A: Country Analysis
Introduction
Indonesia, officially the Republic of
Indonesia, is a country located in Southeast
Asia with approximately 255 million
inhabitants . Colonized by the Dutch in the 1
early 17th century, the country gained its
independence in 1949 after having declared
itself autonomous from the Dutch empire in
1945 . Initially a democratic country, from 2
1957 until 1998, the country was moved
towards a more authoritarian leadership .
1Running head INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS PRACTICESMGM3552.docxeugeniadean34240
1
Running head: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS PRACTICES
MGM355 2
MGM355-1403B-02
International Business Practices
Roderick D. Goodrum
Individual Project Phase 5
Colorado Technical University
Instructor: Lester Willis
09/17/2014
Introduction
Establishment of a business in a foreign land depends on strict evaluation and analysis of various factors inclusive of; the barriers to entry in the foreign nation, the legal systems, customer base, potentiality of growth, economic performance, and the cultural framework of the natives there. Failure to scrutinize such factors might impact success of the business negatively (Schill, 2014). This paper discusses the factors that a regional bank needs to consider before expanding into a foreign nation, China for this case. It uses Union Bancshares (UNB), a Californian based regional bank as an example.
Possible challenges in the new environment
This may be analyzed in three perspectives; educational discrepancies, cultural differences, and other social demographics. Culture refers to the values and norms held by members of a given society; the good and the bad defined by a society. Cultural conflict is felt a great depth in the work place, if the workers therein are from different ethnic origins. For UNB to ensure it gains a positive reputation in the public sector, the company’s management will need to employ workers from diverse cultural setups. Despite this move being positive in some way, the conflicts arising in the work place due to differing cultural expectations might hamper work progress negatively leading to poor performance. Another challenge is education level of potential employees within the locality within which the company plans to establish itself. Specific technical personnel might be inadequate in China compelling UNB’s management to outsource workers from far geographical locations, this is a costly process.
Legal and political environments
The legal systems in China are flexible rather than static. This poses a great challenge to foreign investors since laws regarding foreign investors might change negatively at the time of their investment. In People’s Republic of China, laws governing the business sector are made in the National People’s Congress (NPC) and the judicial system is vested with the power of ensuring all parties comply. When making a foreign direct investment, the first step is to describe in detail the pros and cons of the business to China’s economy, if the pros exceed the cons then the business is listed under the permitted category as long as all other factors have been fully satisfied. China is a politically stable nation despite its long term poor relation with Taiwan. This is a positive indicator for UNB since business operations are not likely to be disrupted due to political clash.
Government involvement in the private sector
A comparison to the US business practice is made to gauge the level with which the government intervenes in private businesses in Peop.
The Infrastructure sector has been the key driver for the Indian economy. The sector is critically important for sustaining the momentum of the economic growth, and the Government has undertaken policy interventions and initiatives to boost the sector.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) received in the construction sector (including townships, housing and built-up infrastructure) from April 2000 to March 2017 is estimated at USD 24.3 billion.
CII, over the years, has been working very closely with stakeholders across the infrastructure verticals to stimulate greater private sector investment. This edition of the Policy Watch focuses on the infrastructure sector.
National Real Estate Development Council (NAREDCO) speech building a New Ind...Manoj Benjamin
1) India faces a massive housing shortage of 80 million units, with infrastructure in need of modernization to support its growing population.
2) China has attracted over $350 billion in foreign direct investment since 1980 by prioritizing infrastructure development, pouring $761 billion into over 1500 projects.
3) For India to attract greater foreign investment, it must accelerate reforms like deregulation, privatization, and an improved regulatory system to attract the hundreds of billions needed to fund infrastructure and close the housing gap.
The document discusses India's economic development and the need for reforms to accelerate growth. It argues that India has the potential to grow at 12% annually due to its young population, but significant reforms are needed across sectors like agriculture, education, and infrastructure. To achieve developed status by 2020, India must improve governance, reduce corruption, attract more foreign investment, and empower its youth through education to leverage its demographic dividend over the next 40 years. Overall, the document advocates market-based reforms, accountability, and developing an innovative skilled workforce as keys to realizing India's economic potential.
The document summarizes and compares employment practices in the United States and China. It outlines key aspects of national culture and human resource management practices in the US such as an emphasis on performance-based rewards, anti-unionism, and participative leadership. For China, it describes major labor laws governing employment contracts, termination, and compulsory contract provisions. It also notes recent changes in 2019 to reduce social insurance burdens on Chinese employers.
The document is a business proposal from an Indian renewable energy company called Green Power Generation to invest in a biomass power plant project in Sri Lanka.
Some key points:
1) Green Power Generation proposes to invest over $1.5 million to build a biomass power plant in Sri Lanka, which would qualify for tax exemptions and import duty waivers under Sri Lankan investment incentives.
2) Sri Lanka provides an attractive market due to its growing economy, energy needs, and incentives for renewable energy projects including tax holidays over 10 years for large biomass plants.
3) The proposal analyzes Sri Lanka's economic and energy landscape including power needs, incentives for foreign investment, and opportunity for
Mr. modi, don’t go the abhimanyu way; shear upa’s chains to untie growth genieNaresh Minocha
The write-up is an independent report card, the first of its kind, on Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. It has suggested 12-point strategy for him to give a big push to national development by reinventing governance, by enacting two new laws (National Development and Jobs Creation Act & Dignity of Labour Act), consolidating existing ones such about dozen laws on environment into a single law Environment Protection and Sustainable Development Act.
This document summarizes a presentation on governance issues in Indonesia. It discusses how political and public sector reforms have achieved little beyond the political field. The bureaucracy, judiciary, military, and state-owned enterprises remain characterized by corruption and weak performance. It also examines the tension between improving economic efficiency and redistributing income, and questions how many economic ministries truly serve broad interests. Effective public sector reform, especially of the bureaucracy, is key to Indonesia's future but progress has been patchy. The Ministry of Finance's reform pilot project aims to create a merit-based civil service through competition and performance-based promotion and pay.
This document provides an overview and analysis of the challenges facing India and the priorities of its foreign policy under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It discusses India's large population of poor and need for job creation, as well as challenges like infrastructure, education, healthcare, and climate change. Modi's foreign policy focuses on improving relations with neighboring countries through increased engagement. Key priorities include resolving border issues with Bangladesh, strengthening economic ties with Bhutan and Nepal, and enhancing security cooperation with Sri Lanka. The overall goal is to make India's neighborhood more peaceful and prosperous to support its domestic development objectives.
Ayton_Jacquelynn_Research paper-CSR in Indonesia under Law 40-2007Jacquelynn Ayton
1) The document discusses a law passed in Indonesia in 2007 that made corporate social responsibility policies mandatory. It aimed to address abuses suffered by laborers, society, and the environment from corporations.
2) While the law was seen as progress, implementation has been lacking due to political influence from big businesses opposed to mandatory CSR policies. Politicians have prioritized business interests over fully implementing the law.
3) For CSR to have real impact in Indonesia, the law needs thorough implementation and enforcement. Politicians must put human welfare over profits and bribery from corporations for CSR policies to be effective.
Pakistan has accumulated over $65 billion in total debt, including $35 billion in external debt. Debt servicing consumes nearly half of Pakistan's budget, diverting funds away from critical social services like education, health, and infrastructure. The high debt burden is restricting Pakistan's development and trapping it in a cycle where new loans are taken out just to service old debts. The document proposes several reforms that could help Pakistan escape this debt trap, including increasing tax revenue, improving fiscal management, encouraging investment in water, agriculture and other sectors, and reforming the financial system. Political stability and security are also needed to attract investment and support sustained economic growth.
This document discusses the growing relationship between Japan and India. It notes that Japan and India share fundamental values like democracy and human rights. Economic and investment ties between the countries have increased dramatically due to agreements like the India-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. Japanese investment in India has grown significantly in recent years across sectors like automobiles and pharmaceuticals. However, there is still potential to further strengthen the economic relationship and people-to-people exchanges between Japan and India.
Government role in influencing creative economy for community purchasing powerTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This research was conducted to find out whether the West Java provincial government has implemented the development of creative economy by looking at the form of policy and budget support in APBD and the problem. The results show, West Java Provincial Government has made regional regulations and creative economic blueprints. It is suggested to be more committed to facilitate the marketing of results, facilitate business actor access to banking, protection of intellectual property rights, and enhancement of cooperation between provinces and districts/municipalities for the sustainability of necessary raw materials.
Does Bank Credit Have Any Impact on Nigeria’s Domestic Investment?iosrjce
There is an extensive literature on the role of the bank lending and credit facilities in Nigeria but
most of these literature concentrate on its impact on the gross domestic product. This study focuses on the
impact of Nigeria’s banking sector on domestic investment from 1980 to 2012 bearing in mind that funding is
one of the major challenges of domestic entrepreneurs in Nigeria. A domestic investment model was adopted
and the unit root test was first applied to the data set. All the data are stationary and the ordinary least square
method was used to identify the impact of capital market activities on domestic investment in Nigeria using the
cointegration technique. Findings reveal that bank credit negatively though significantly impacted on domestic
investment in the long run while its short run impact is both positive and significant. This is an indication that
financial intermediation (captured by bank credit to private sector) is a strong driver of domestic investment in
Nigeria only in the short run. The study thus recommends amongst others, the strengthening of Nigeria’s
banking system with more funds and supervisions as well as the encouragement of both foreign and domestic
investments through government’s creation of a more conducive political and economic climate.
This document provides an overview of the banking system in Nepal. It discusses the evolution of banking in Nepal from the establishment of Nepal Bank Ltd. in 1937 as the first modern bank, to the current system which includes 27 commercial banks, 24 development banks, and other financial institutions. The document also examines issues around financial literacy and inclusion in Nepal. It notes that many people in Nepal receive wages, payments, and transfer cash, and digital payments could help bring more people into the formal financial system. The objectives and research questions of the study are also outlined, which focus on exploring the marketing policies of commercial banks and analyzing monetary policy in Nepal.
This document provides an overview of topics related to international business, including:
- The political economy and legal systems of different countries and how they impact business. Three main legal systems are described: common law, civil law, and theocratic law.
- Factors of economic development according to economist Amartya Sen, including life expectancy, education, and income.
- Transition economies that have moved from centrally planned to market-based systems.
- A case study on Japan's economic stagnation since the 1980s and questions for discussion around the causes and potential solutions.
- Announcements about group allocations and topics to be covered in future weeks of an international business course.
The Deputy Governor of Ekiti State, Nigeria delivered a speech at the opening of a Youth Summit organized by the state government and RISE Network. She welcomed the youths to the summit, which aims to provide opportunities for youth to contribute to development, ensure cultural transformation and capacity building of youth, and encourage youth to value education. She highlighted programs initiated by the Governor, including reducing unemployment, engaging 20,000 youths in agriculture by 2014, creating technology parks for businesses, and absorbing over 5,000 youths into government jobs. However, she expressed concern about some youth engaging in crime and called for more efforts to productively engage youth.
INDIA-JAPAN ECONOMIC COOPERATION: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGESRaja Sarkar
India's growing economic might in recent years has seen the country adapting its economic
policy towards several countries to enhance its global influence and status to meet the ever
increasing challenges of the 21st century economy. As a result, India-Japan relations have
undergone a tectonic shift which is directed towards building a strategic and global
partnership between the two countries. India and Japan share a special relationship as
fellow democracies with mutual interests and with a similar desire to seek peaceful
resolutions of conflicts and greater economic engagements in Asia. The signing of the
Indo-Japan Economic Partnership agreement (EPA) in February, 2011 and its subsequent
implementation in August the same year was seen as a major breakthrough in the
economic cooperation between the two countries which could boost bilateral trade and
investment relations between two very large economies in the world. The emergence of
Japan as one of the leading economic powerhouse in the world has been possible due to
intricate planning at economic, political and social levels. The economic development of
any country vis-á-vis the rest of the world depends on a number of factors, such as share in
world trade, finance and investment. Current and future economic and population
dynamics in both the countries mean that India-Japan relations will continue to improve not
just politically but also in economic terms. The present paper will try to find the future
prospects and challenges in the economic cooperation between the two nations.
1Key Summary and Problems Indonesia is composed of.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Key Summary and Problems
Indonesia is composed of over 220 million people spread out over some 17,000 islands. It is also
the world’s most populous Muslim nation, and more than 500 languages are spoken in the
country. Indonesia was once under the control of an oppressive dictator, President Suharto, who
largely held the country together. Under his command, he repressed internal dissent and used the
political system to favor the business enterprises of his supporters and family members. His rule
ultimately crippled Indonesia’s economy, as the country accumulated massive debt during the
1990s.
In 1997, Indonesia faced grave economic problems, and had to be “rescued” by the International
Monetary Fund. Although Indonesia replaced Suharto’s regime with a democratic government,
the country’s economic growth lagged behind that of China, Malaysia, and Thailand. As such,
Indonesia is still plagued with various economic, social, and political problems. First,
unemployment rates are high, and growth in labor productivity has been sluggish. Second,
significant foreign investment, for the most part, has left the country. For example, Sony and
several major apparel companies shut down their respective plants in favor of China and
Vietnam. Third, Indonesia is saddled by the problem of a poor infrastructure, as many people are
without access to safe roads, clean water, and reliable electricity. Fourth, business activity is
stifled in the country due to enormous amounts of red tape, or unnecessarily complicated
bureaucratic procedures. This makes it immensely difficult for startup businesses to get their feet
off the ground and encourage entrepreneurship in the country.
Most significantly, Indonesia faces a grave problem of corruption throughout all levels of
government. Politicians and business executives frequently give and take bribes to further their
personal interests. Additionally, the legal system faces further corruption, as jail time is often
reduced based on the bribing of enforcement officers and associated officials.
Applications of Key Themes
Collectivism v. Individualism
During the 1990s, Indonesia faced enormous debt due to the collectivist ideology of President
Suharto. This case serves as an example of how Collectivism represses the needs of individuals
in pursuit of collective societal goals. However, it also demonstrates the risks associated with the
ideology. For example, by oppressing members of the public who did not support Suharto’s
regime, much of Indonesian society was ultimately hurt economically.
Political Ideology and Economic Systems Are Connected
The regime change of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono introduced democracy into the region. This
new democratic ideology went hand-in-hand with the Indonesian economy’s period of growth
from 2001 to 2010. This serves as a great example of the reading, which states that politics and
economic systems are interdependent of one another, and not se ...
International Assignment
Starbucks in Indonesia
Abstract: In this report, we will firstly be analyzing Indonesia’s political, economic, institutional,
legal and cultural environment. Secondly, we will be looking at Starbucks’ strategy, culture, and
organization. Finally, we discuss the potential organizational and managerial challenges and
problems that we anticipate Starbucks will be facing in Indonesia and the strategies to overcome
these issues.
.
Michele Lu, Siyang Li, Ben Niu, Justin Pacher & Lars Olthof
Global Enterprise Management (MGTN3580)
Professor Tatiana Kostova
Chinese University of Hong Kong
July 26th, 2016
Introduction
Expanding your business into a new
country is never an easy task, and
usually it comes with many different
challenges and problems. Whether
these difficulties are legal barriers of
entry, political instability in the host
country, cultural differences or all of
the above, it often is very frustrating for
businesses wishing to expand
internationally to deal with these issues.
That does not mean however that
opening a foreign subsidiary is without
merit: it provides a company with the opportunity to not only expand its market share, but also the chance
to diversify risks (when one market performs badly, others are able to compensate for these losses.), to
achieve geographic advantages (such as a highly trained pool of potential employees in a certain
companies), and even the possibility to prevent competitors from taking over that specific foreign market.
In our report specifically, we will be looking at the international expansion of Starbucks, a Seattlebased
American coffeehouse chain, into the Indonesian market, the fourth most populous country in the world,
located in Southeast Asia. In order to provide a full and clear overview of the challenges and
opportunities that come with this expansion abroad, this report has been divided into three distinct parts.
In the first part, Indonesia’s political, economic, institutional, legal and cultural environment will be
analyzed. In the second part, we will be looking at Starbucks’ strategy, culture, and organization. Finally,
we discuss the potential organizational and managerial challenges and problems that we anticipate
Starbucks will be facing in Indonesia and the strategies to overcome these issues.
Part A: Country Analysis
Introduction
Indonesia, officially the Republic of
Indonesia, is a country located in Southeast
Asia with approximately 255 million
inhabitants . Colonized by the Dutch in the 1
early 17th century, the country gained its
independence in 1949 after having declared
itself autonomous from the Dutch empire in
1945 . Initially a democratic country, from 2
1957 until 1998, the country was moved
towards a more authoritarian leadership .
1Running head INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS PRACTICESMGM3552.docxeugeniadean34240
1
Running head: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS PRACTICES
MGM355 2
MGM355-1403B-02
International Business Practices
Roderick D. Goodrum
Individual Project Phase 5
Colorado Technical University
Instructor: Lester Willis
09/17/2014
Introduction
Establishment of a business in a foreign land depends on strict evaluation and analysis of various factors inclusive of; the barriers to entry in the foreign nation, the legal systems, customer base, potentiality of growth, economic performance, and the cultural framework of the natives there. Failure to scrutinize such factors might impact success of the business negatively (Schill, 2014). This paper discusses the factors that a regional bank needs to consider before expanding into a foreign nation, China for this case. It uses Union Bancshares (UNB), a Californian based regional bank as an example.
Possible challenges in the new environment
This may be analyzed in three perspectives; educational discrepancies, cultural differences, and other social demographics. Culture refers to the values and norms held by members of a given society; the good and the bad defined by a society. Cultural conflict is felt a great depth in the work place, if the workers therein are from different ethnic origins. For UNB to ensure it gains a positive reputation in the public sector, the company’s management will need to employ workers from diverse cultural setups. Despite this move being positive in some way, the conflicts arising in the work place due to differing cultural expectations might hamper work progress negatively leading to poor performance. Another challenge is education level of potential employees within the locality within which the company plans to establish itself. Specific technical personnel might be inadequate in China compelling UNB’s management to outsource workers from far geographical locations, this is a costly process.
Legal and political environments
The legal systems in China are flexible rather than static. This poses a great challenge to foreign investors since laws regarding foreign investors might change negatively at the time of their investment. In People’s Republic of China, laws governing the business sector are made in the National People’s Congress (NPC) and the judicial system is vested with the power of ensuring all parties comply. When making a foreign direct investment, the first step is to describe in detail the pros and cons of the business to China’s economy, if the pros exceed the cons then the business is listed under the permitted category as long as all other factors have been fully satisfied. China is a politically stable nation despite its long term poor relation with Taiwan. This is a positive indicator for UNB since business operations are not likely to be disrupted due to political clash.
Government involvement in the private sector
A comparison to the US business practice is made to gauge the level with which the government intervenes in private businesses in Peop.
India has achieved significant economic development over the past 60 years, growing from a poor country under British rule to a nuclear power and emerging global leader with a strong, democratic system and rapidly developing economy, as evidenced by statistics showing growth in key areas and India's increasing influence on the world stage through international agreements and relationships. India has matured politically and now makes pragmatic, national interest-based decisions, as seen in improved relations with China and Pakistan. Successful democracy and economic reforms have contributed greatly to India's development.
Joko Widodo was recently elected as the new President of Indonesia. He is considered a reformist who may be able to drive economic reforms and increase GDP growth above current levels of 5-6%. Indonesia has strong growth potential due to its large population and wealth of natural resources, but growth has been held back by poor infrastructure. Infrastructure investment has been limited by issues acquiring land and lack of transparency in project bidding. As a former mayor, Widodo successfully implemented infrastructure projects and reforms, giving hope that as President he can help address Indonesia's infrastructure problems and unlock its economic potential to generate new investment opportunities. However, his ability to enact reforms may be constrained by fiscal limits or political opposition.
The document discusses factors to consider for multinational companies investing in China. It outlines China's encouragement of foreign direct investment and the attributes of its market, currency, and trade environment. The essay also examines political, employment, cultural, and social implications for long-term investment projects in China. Key factors discussed include import/export restrictions, labor laws, currency value manipulation, hierarchy-based business culture, and differences between national and local regulations.
This document provides a summary of Indonesia's strategic growth plan and real estate market opportunities. It outlines Indonesia's MP3EI plan which aims to transform the country into a developed nation by 2025 through various economic programs. Key aspects of the plan include developing tourism and the Java economic corridor. The geographic focus is on Greater Jakarta which controls most of Indonesia's economic activity but faces issues like congestion. Upcoming government projects improving infrastructure in Greater Jakarta and Surabaya are also discussed. The real estate market analysis covers major cities like Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung, identifying opportunities in different sectors.
This article focuses on Indonesia’s progress in improving its policy framework for investment and asks what more can be done to attract high quality investment into the country.
Find out more at www.oecd.org/investment
This document provides an overview of conducting business in Indonesia. It discusses Indonesia's general investment policies, including equal treatment of foreign and domestic investors, streamlining licensing processes, rights to employ foreigners and repatriate profits. It also outlines some investment restrictions through Indonesia's Negative List of Investment, which specifies open and closed business sectors. Major sectors approved for foreign investment in 2010-2011 included manufacturing, mining, and telecommunications. The government aims to attract more investment to support Indonesia's economic growth and development goals.
This document discusses India's position and role in the Doha Round of trade negotiations. It makes the following key points:
1) India has traditionally taken a defensive posture in trade negotiations, but should now take a more proactive, proposal-making role to better promote its interests and prevent negotiations from collapsing.
2) For India to achieve its legitimate position as a major global economic power, it needs to accelerate economic reforms to become a more attractive market and source of investment.
3) Currently India's share of global trade and foreign investment is much lower than what its size would warrant, and it lags behind competitors like China who have embraced further reforms.
Local Government System After the Implementation of Law No.
22 of 1999
Indonesian Scientific Meeting 2003 in Central Japan
December 20, 2003, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Japan
Tri Widodo W. Utomo
Department of International Cooperation, Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-0861, Japan
LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA AFTER
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW NO. 22 OF 1999
(FROM AUTHORITATIVE TO DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENTAL REGIME)
Submitted as Prerequisite for "Introduction to International Cooperation Law" Course
By: Tri Widodo W. Utomo
(DICOS, 300202040)
The document discusses the differences between developed and developing countries. Developing countries aspire to become wealthy and influential like developed nations, but currently have less safe, difficult living conditions and lower wages. Developed nations are wealthy with good infrastructure, laws, and less crime. The document then discusses how developing countries lack modern infrastructure, hospitals, and supplies compared to developed nations.
To sustain 8% growth in the Indian economy and reach its full potential, additional foreign investment is needed, especially in infrastructure renewal and agriculture. Specifically, India needs around $20 billion per year in foreign direct investment for the next 10 years to support industrial and service sector exports as well as infrastructure projects. It should also welcome foreign institutional investment, while maintaining political and economic stability to retain such investments over the long term.
The document discusses several issues weighing down the Indian economy, including financial discipline, the financial sector, resource utilization, corruption, overambitious government schemes, the need for sustained and inclusive growth, agricultural development, poverty eradication, and unemployment. It analyzes factors like the fiscal deficit, inflation, government spending, and financial inclusion that are slowing economic growth. It argues for reforms like increasing foreign investment, improving tax systems, utilizing natural resources, strengthening anti-corruption laws, and focusing on long-term and sustainable development.
Banks Npa & Impact on Indian Economy
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Indian Economy After Independence : India
Impact Of Foreign Trade On India
Essay On Growth Of India
Indian Economic History Essay
The Economic Reforms Of India Essay
India s Effect On The Indian Economy
Essay on India—an Emerging Power in the World
Salient Features of Indian Economy
The Economic Growth Of India Essay
The Economic Growth Of India Essay
Effect of Rising Oil Prices on Indian Economy
Key Drivers Of India s Economic Growth
Impact of Tourism on Indian Economy
Impact on Indian Economy
Wto and Its Impact on Indian Economy
India s Development And Growth Essay
Manufacturing in Indonesia: New Options, Opportunities and ChallengesCascade Asia Advisors
Though it has yet fully regained its former dynamism, Indonesia is increasingly being recognized for its manufacturing competitiveness. This white paper provides a snapshot of Indonesia’s manufacturing sector and identifies the fastest growing sectors and cost effective locations. By examining the size, growth trajectory, supporting infrastructure developments and the government’s targets and strategies within manufacturing this paper touches on both the challenges and opportunities facing the industry at present.
FEF- A synopsis on the policy paper concerning the charter change issueFEF Philippines
The document discusses arguments for amending restrictive economic provisions in the 1987 Philippine Constitution to attract more foreign investment. It notes that the Philippines lags behind other Southeast Asian countries in foreign direct investment and has some of the region's most restrictive policies. Amending the Constitution could boost the economy by increasing competition and improving productivity through greater capital inflows, technology transfers, and management expertise from overseas. However, some argue changes are not necessary and that economic fundamentals alone can drive growth, but the document counters that structural reforms are needed to make the country truly competitive and enable sustained private sector-led development.
This document summarizes the key discussions and conclusions from a conference on Japan's increasing global role. The conference brought together senior Japanese, EU, and US policymakers and business leaders. There was a debate around whether Japan is increasingly looking inward or remains an active global player. While Japan faces challenges like political instability and an aging population, it remains an important economic and political stakeholder internationally. Japan contributes significantly to global challenges like climate change and supports international institutions. However, it needs to better communicate its role and define its relationships with countries like China to overcome a sense of introspection and assume greater leadership.
This document summarizes the key discussions and conclusions from a conference on challenges and opportunities for Japan in the global economy. The conference highlighted that the global financial crisis requires an international response due to economic interconnectivity. Japan is well positioned to take advantage of opportunities from global turmoil due to its large cash reserves. However, Japan needs to engage more globally and demonstrate leadership on issues like climate change. Its relationship with China is also critical and both countries need to resolve bilateral issues to create a true partnership.
The document provides information about the Asia Pacific Ireland Business Forum (APIBF), including:
1) The APIBF creates synergies between growing GAA and business networks in Asia Pacific by bringing Irish businesspeople and GAA clubs together annually.
2) Recent APIBF events have been held in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand, and Ireland to facilitate business and cultural connections.
3) The June 2011 APIBF conference at Croke Park featured presentations on opportunities in Asia, lessons from Irish companies in Asia, and workshops on key industry sectors.
4) Plans were discussed to strengthen the APIBF structure and support spin-off events in Asia to further business and cultural ties between Ireland and the Asia Pacific region
Indonesia seeks to play a larger global role but questions remain about whether it has the domestic capabilities to do so. It faces challenges such as sustaining economic growth, reducing poverty, and further strengthening democracy and rule of law. To realize its potential, Indonesia needs to consistently pursue reforms like liberalizing its markets, improving infrastructure, fighting corruption, and making government more coherent and accountable. It also aims to be recognized as a place where democracy and Islam coexist peacefully.
This document summarizes the key discussions and conclusions from a conference on Japan's increasing global role. The conference brought together Japanese, EU, and US policymakers and business leaders. Key conclusions included that Japan will continue contributing globally but faces challenges taking a greater leadership role due to domestic political instability and an inward focus. Japan remains concerned by regional security issues like China's military growth. The document also discusses Japan's role in global economic prosperity and its bilateral relationships, particularly with the US and China. Japan needs to take bolder steps to define its regional role and overcome challenges to assuming greater international leadership.
This document summarizes the key discussions and conclusions from a conference on challenges and opportunities for Japan in the global economy. The conference highlighted that the global financial crisis requires an international response due to economic interconnectivity. Japan is well positioned to take advantage of opportunities from global turmoil due to its large cash reserves. However, Japan needs to engage more globally and demonstrate leadership on issues like climate change. Its relationship with China is also critical and both countries need to resolve bilateral issues to create a true partnership.
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
1. Error!
Report on Wilton Park Conference WP1019
INDONESIA: WHAT ROLE AS A CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL ACTOR?
Monday 1 – Thursday 4 March 2010
With support from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London
Key issues
Indonesia is a member of key international bodies, including the Group of 20 (G20),
the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), in which it is seen as the
predominant power. It withstood the global economic crisis with continued, if slower,
growth, and President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono won a second term of office
when presidential, and parliamentary, elections took place in 2009. Indonesia is
keen to play a larger global role. Yet does it have the necessary domestic
underpinnings to be a regional power with a global impact?
Key issues arising in discussion of Indonesia’s role as a contemporary global actor
were:
Indonesia would like to be recognised as a place where democracy and Islam
co-exist, but not as a Muslim democracy.
While the international community has high expectations of Indonesia’s role in
global issues, some question whether Indonesia should more appropriately
concentrate on tackling domestic challenges, such as sustaining and
improving economic growth and competitiveness, and reducing poverty, rather
than look to assume a significant role internationally.
There is a need to bridge the gap between capability, or capacity, and
aspiration. Some suggest Indonesia should limit its involvement in
international affairs to a few issues, on which it could make a real difference,
rather than spread itself too thinly. In this respect, it could focus on the Asian
region, initially at least.
Greater coordination in Indonesia’s foreign policy is needed, and on the
domestic front the government needs to see policy through consistently, with
better executive management and accountability.
If Indonesia is to realise its potential to become a major economy, it needs to
commit in a consistent and sustained manner to opening its market and
pursuing liberalisation measures.
Strengthening governance and institutions in Indonesia, and focusing on
outcomes, would help to deliver the public services needed for inclusive
development in all parts of the country.
Wilton Park Conference WP1019
Indonesia: What Role as a Contemporary Global Actor? March 2010
Page 1 of 10
2. Context and challenges
1. Indonesia has achieved much progress economically in the past five years
and weathered the global economic storm relatively well with growth of 4.5% in 2009
and a forecast of 5.5% in 2010. Unemployment and poverty levels are going down,
albeit slowly. This is due in no small part to the sound economic and financial
policies implemented by President Yudhoyono and Finance Minister Sri Mulyani
Indrawati. In his second term, the President has a strong mandate to undertake the
difficult reforms needed to continue the transformation of Indonesian society,
politically and economically, and provide the basis to reach its goals enshrined in
Vision 2025: Indonesia as a prosperous, advanced and self-reliant, just and fair
country. This requires economic growth of at least 7%; but also growth that is more
inclusive and equitable, which creates employment and extends to underdeveloped
regions of Indonesia. These are ambitious targets, and they come with the caveat
that there will be no large external shocks. Compared to South Korea, however,
these growth targets are perhaps not ambitious enough.
2. Indonesia still needs to consolidate its democracy, and the rule of law, building
on all that has been achieved since the end of the Suharto era. Some argue that the
legislature is moving more slowly than the executive in this respect.
Promoting an open economy
3. Indonesia has been struggling to repair its image as a destination for
investment since 1998. Some perceive this as persisting negative bias, ignoring the
considerable progress in reform, under difficult circumstances, during the last
decade. It is undeniable that Indonesia is trying to attract inward investment in a
highly competitive neighbourhood, which includes the economic giants China and
India; yet it lags even behind its peers in creating an enabling environment for trade
and investment. For many in business there are questions about the speed and
depth of reform and change, as well as concern at regular setbacks and mixed
signals, as illustrated by the Negative List Regulation which makes Indonesia more
restrictive than many other developing economies on foreign equity limits and foreign
personnel capping. Indonesia needs both more foreign and domestic investment to
meet its growth target of 7%.
Wilton Park Conference WP1019
Indonesia: What Role as a Contemporary Global Actor? March 2010
Page 2 of 10
3. 4. Some of the reforms required are long-term. These include: investing in
infrastructure, especially in electricity, road networks and transportation more
broadly; amending labour legislation, to ensure that employment laws are less
inflexible; revitalising agriculture, mining and manufacturing, since Indonesia
produces abundant commodities, which it exports, and undertakes little processing;
and reforming bureaucratic structures to provide a more streamlined and quality civil
service. Building a reputation for legal certainty is needed. While President
Yudhoyono has identified tackling corruption as his first priority, such efforts need to
be consistently sustained. The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has done
much, yet it still needs political and financial support to act against corrupt vested
interests. There is also a need to embrace competition. For example, in January
2010 a free trade agreement, in effect a customs union, was introduced between the
six major ASEAN countries. Intra-ASEAN trade is rapidly expanding. This
represents both an opportunity and a threat to Indonesia; it can dominate ASEAN
and its internal market if it continues to reform or it will become a mere consumer for
other ASEAN countries’ products. Indonesia should also ensure it is not left behind
in concluding free trade agreements with the European Union.
5. In the medium-term, accelerating Special Economic Zones will serve to attract
major investment flows while the longer-term constraints like infrastructure are being
tackled. Ensuring coherence in local and national policies is important, and
decentralisation should not result in additional redundant requirements or procedures
for investors.
6. There is a need for consistency and coordination in government policy, which
is now being tackled through a new Economic Coordinating Minister who has
established mechanisms for monitoring progress of policy reform and potential
divergence across different ministries. While many feel the government is heading in
the right direction, there remains a need for strong government leadership, to
convince the opponents, particularly in parliament, and explain to the population, that
free trade works. Indonesia should have confidence that it can compete, rather than
hiding behind economic nationalism or protectionism which will ultimately fail to
promote, let alone preserve local companies. It will also ensure Indonesia fully
meets its international obligations.
Wilton Park Conference WP1019
Indonesia: What Role as a Contemporary Global Actor? March 2010
Page 3 of 10
4. Strengthening democratic institutions and empowering society
- Parliament
7. Indonesia’s third democratic election in the post-Suharto era yielded a more
decisive result than on previous occasions, although some feel the quality of the
2009 election process declined from four years earlier. The President’s party
obtained some 27% of the vote; together the governing coalition commands around
76% of the seats in the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR, the People’s
Representative Council or parliament). This should deliver improved governance
which consolidates democracy and enables difficult reforms to be undertaken. Yet
various surveys show there is a general perception that the past, despite
authoritarian government, was better than the present; democracy is not seen to be
delivering, although some acknowledge their material conditions have improved.
Some argue the government is not managing its support well to-date: the President’s
leadership style, while popular with the Indonesian populace, does not engage the
political elite, including leaders of political parties.
8. The functioning of the DPR needs to be improved. Currently, many of its
decisions are reached by musyawarah-mufakat (deliberation to reach consensus), a
process often conducted in hotel lobbies rather than the parliamentary chamber,
which lacks transparency. If there is deadlock and a vote is needed, there is no
record of how each member of the House votes. Members tend to vote along party
lines, rather than in accordance with constituents’ needs. A voting record should
enhance lawmakers’ accountability to their constituency. Parliament’s image could
also be improved by the introduction of an ‘ethics code’. While DPR members’
income is regulated, their expenditure is not; political parties resist this. There is a
need to set a cap on the amount of money a candidate can spend in an election.
9. The DPR is empowered as an institution, but its members are not well-
equipped; there are meagre resources for support staff for the DPR. The televised
parliamentary enquiry on Bank Century showed parliamentarians to be inadequately
prepared to question the executive, which influences public perceptions of the DPR.
There is insufficient capacity among DPR staff to research adequately foreign policy
issues, or international agreements, and provide the necessary argumentation to
prevent these becoming political footballs in parliamentary debate.
Wilton Park Conference WP1019
Indonesia: What Role as a Contemporary Global Actor? March 2010
Page 4 of 10
5. 10. A large proportion of DPR members are new to office, and many are new to
politics. They lack experience in managing their role, and the complexity of the
political process. Parliamentarians are, nevertheless, sensitive to the suggestion
they may need training; to overcome this, capacity-building could be approached
through political parties. While there are clear ideological differences between
political parties, the parties are unable to articulate these in policy terms. More policy
debate within parties is needed, in part because there are few policy think-tanks
associated with political parties. Party programmes or manifestos would inform
voters and assist them to hold parties to account. Political parties remain centralised,
like in the time of the New Order, with decisions on local issues often still made by
the party headquarters at national level.
11. Civil society is vibrant in Indonesia. It began during conditions when
challenging authoritarian government was a priority; it needs now to focus on
promoting agendas which can be translated into law, and to work with the DPR. This
is not an easy transition to make. The media covers events in parliament
extensively, although journalists need to be better informed on how the DPR works to
produce more responsible reportage. Concentration of media ownership by business
groups with their own political interests should be examined. There is often a lack of
coverage of local politics, beyond the sensational; if democracy is to become
embedded, it needs to be from local government upwards.
- Decentralisation
12. Undertaking decentralisation, at the same time as democratisation, is
challenging for consistency. Some argue that Indonesia may have ‘over-
decentralised’. While this process does not appear to threaten Indonesia’s integrity,
and direct election of local officials and councils has improved accountability, there is
nevertheless an asymmetric relationship between legislative and executive branches
of local government, as occurs at national level. Local councils generally lack
capacity, in the skills of their individual members and as institutions. This has the
effect of slowing down approval of the annual budget, policy making and programme
implementation. Decentralisation has thus had little impact on improving social
welfare services, or local development, and there remain large disparities in poverty
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6. between different parts of the country. Where there has been improvement in
performance, this is generally achieved through strong local leadership.
13. To address these challenges, President Yudhoyono has proposed a
moratorium on new administrative divisions. It is also suggested to strengthen the
role of the governor, as representative of central government, and provinces, in
regional development planning and the coordination of national programmes. Fiscal
decentralisation should be ensured, with minimum standards of performance
required for allocating finance, as well as civil service reform. Central government
could also better coordinate donor support programmes to local government.
14. Responsibility for education has become highly decentralised. While access
to education has risen at all levels in the last decade, improving the quality of
education, and of teachers, is challenging. Decentralisation of health services was
also implemented through a ‘big bang’ approach. Health status has improved over
the last five years, but the figures on health and education attainment are not
impressive when compared with countries of similar income levels, and even less so
when judged against other G20 countries. One reason for this is low public
expectations and therefore lack of sustained public pressure on the authorities to
improve services. Civil society is generally weak in articulating heath and education
issues, and the donor community has made little effort to involve civil society
organisations in participation in parent-teacher associations or other accountability
mechanisms. There is insufficient technical expertise in universities, and political
parties demonstrate no strong commitment to or leadership on health and education
issues. The middle classes opt out of state education and health provision as soon
as they are able to do so.
15. Two provinces, Aceh and Papua, have been accorded enhanced autonomy.
In Aceh, a 2005 accord ended three decades of armed conflict. Under the Law on
Governing Aceh (LoGA), the province has additional political and economic rights.
There is pressure locally for amending the LoGA, since it is not felt to have delivered
the changes desired by some. Future arrangements are likely to centre around the
terms for sharing oil and gas revenues. Sharia law has begun to be introduced in
Aceh, and an Islamic criminal code was adopted by the local parliament. Some
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7. suggest that if Acehenese nationalist identity is discredited, by not bringing the gains
anticipated, there may be an even greater emphasis on Islam, which has always
been at the roots of Aceh’s self-identity.
16. Papua’s 2001 law on special autonomy, known as the Otsus law,
accommodated the majority of Papuan demands, short of independence, although
some contend there was inadequate local consultation in adopting it. Its
implementation is seen to be a mixed picture, since some in Jakarta regard it as a
vehicle for Papuan independence. While Papuans now have clear ownership of the
forest and land cannot be taken from them, affirmative action clauses in the law have
not been implemented. Poverty in Papua is seven times the national average, and
must be addressed. Human rights issues and the use of symbols have still to be
discussed. The Indonesian Government might appropriately appoint a special envoy
on Papua, to create a dialogue with Papuans. How the Indonesian authorities deal
with Papua, and Aceh, will condition the way the international community regards
Indonesia and its role on the international stage.
17. With some 32 million hectares of forest cover, Papua is central to Indonesia’s
efforts to reduce carbon emissions. It is also vital to the livelihood of some two
million Papuans. The Papuan Government proposes conserving at least 70% of
Papua as forest, of which 50% is land that has been allocated for conversion, or
already designated for other uses, including long-term sustainable forestry
management by local communities. It would further invest in renewable energy
sources, and needs support from the authorities in Jakarta, and donor community, to
implement these plans.
- Judiciary
18. A functioning judiciary means ensuring access to legal remedies for the poor
and vulnerable, for example through legal aid. It requires a culture of trust in the rule
of law, and credible accountability mechanisms, such as a system for complaints
against the police. The quality and competence of judges needs to be improved
through training, as well as the quality of legislation on which they adjudicate. The
concept of the independence of the judiciary is a new notion and needs to be
inculcated in both judges and public. There has to be zero tolerance towards
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8. corruption, which means an adequate budget and resources must be provided for the
judiciary.
- Encouraging diversity, tolerance and pluralism
19. Indonesia is traditionally a moderate, tolerant and multicultural society. Yet
small radical Islamic groups have been involved in acts of violence, and some
question whether the state has taken sufficient action against them. There is also felt
to have been a failure of government leadership when there has been no reaction to
the introduction of sharia-based local laws. What is Indonesia’s state identity? Does
it support diversity as defined by Pancasila or not, or does it want to follow the
French secular model and a clear separation between church and state? It is
suggested Muslim organisations be more active in articulating, or encouraging the
expression of, the silent and moderate Muslim majority. Legislation which is
ambiguous, or contradictory, towards cultural diversity should be reviewed.
Tolerance can also be increased through the education system, and civic education
should emphasise Indonesia’s diversity. Students should be given the tools to
combat extremism. Some media, especially radical publications, have contributed to
increased intolerance and action should be taken against them.
Indonesia’s global role
20. Indonesia is a multicultural and evolving democracy with a large Muslim
population; its national identity is not exclusively defined in terms of Islam. It has
traditionally been active in international relations, such a role being sanctioned under
its Constitution. It sees itself projecting soft power, in particular through dialogue,
constructive engagement, promoting mutually beneficial cooperation, acting as a
bridge-builder, advocating moderation, contributing to establishing international
norms and sharing its values and experience. To be able to play such a role, it
needs solid domestic foundations, notably political stability and economic prosperity.
While Indonesia has seen relative domestic success, on a number of development
measures it scores poorly.
21. There is considerable goodwill in the international community to accommodate
Indonesia’s rising status. It is not perceived as a threat, and is a rules-based actor
unlike, for example, China. There are broad expectations that Indonesia will now
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9. play a larger global role, having begun contributing to international peacekeeping
operations in recent years, occupied a seat on the UN Security Council during 2007
and 2008, and become a G20 member. Indonesia has already shown its willingness
to take a leading role on climate change by pledging to cut gas emissions by 26% in
2020, and by 41% with international support. Some question, however, whether
Indonesia will achieve these targets.
22. President Yudhoyono describes Indonesia’s approach as guided by the
principle of ‘making a thousand friends and no enemies’. Some argue that this is not
realistic; if Indonesia is to play a constructive role, it will need to present its views
robustly, which may well lead to disagreement with friends. Indonesia has also
expressed interest in engagement on a wide range of global issues, including conflict
resolution in the Middle East, promoting nuclear disarmament, natural disasters,
counter-terrorism, and food and energy security. Some suggest it would be
preferable if Indonesia could identify a few issues on the global agenda for its
engagement where it may make a noticeable impact, rather than spread its efforts
more broadly to little effect. Indonesia could also utilise its influence more through
informal channels, including for example preparatory meetings, rather than during the
major or high-level international gatherings. Ambition and capability, or capacity,
have to be matched. Indonesia has talent in its diplomatic service which has a good
reputation. Foreign policy, however, needs better coordination. More could be done
to promote discussion at national level to define with parliamentarians and policy
institutes, for example, where Indonesia’s international interests lie. Some question
whether Indonesia’s involvement on some international issues may constitute a
‘passing interest’ only.
23. Some argue Indonesia should, initially at least, limit its activity to its Asian
region before becoming involved in other parts of the world. For example, although
Indonesia regularly repeats that her foreign policy is founded on ASEAN, some
consider ASEAN has become moribund and, despite the odds against it, Indonesia
should assert leadership to try to reactivate ASEAN, especially during its
chairmanship of the ASEAN forum during 2011. It already endeavours to press,
through ‘quiet interventions’, concerns in the ASEAN Human Rights Commission,
and tries to convince Burma’s rulers of the merits of democracy. In the regional
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10. context, it should take part in shaping the regional security architecture, although the
question of capacity again arises in terms of providing practical assistance in conflict
areas such as Southern Thailand, or in the Philippines. Indonesia’s civil society
organisations could nevertheless play a role to help in conflict resolution there.
Indonesia could deepen relations with China, India and Australia, as well as
strengthen US ties. Others contend that, in the contemporary world, limiting its
activism to the regional sphere is not practical for Indonesia; it must act globally.
Indonesia’s influence should be felt in the West, where its characteristics as a
multicultural society with a good record in combating terrorism could be instructive.
24. Indonesia’s efforts in bridge-building are widely recognised, between
developed and developing countries, using its membership of the G20 and the Non-
Aligned Movement, of which it was a founder member, as well as between the West
and Muslim worlds. Indonesia represents a rare robust Muslim-majority democracy.
It seeks to project its national democratic values, although making no claim to an
‘Indonesian model’ for others to follow. It needs to ensure its own house is in order,
however, and keep it so, to have a voice on the world stage to which others will
listen.
Anton Alifandi
Isobelle Jaques
April 2010
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