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The document discusses challenges and opportunities around Asian integration. It notes that regional risks require deeper integration but an EU-style model is unlikely. While business and civil society have led "bottom-up" integration, governments must resolve historical disputes to facilitate cooperation. Rising competition from China and India increases pressure on Southeast Asian competitiveness. Meeting energy, environmental, and social challenges requires concerted regional responses. Japan's recovery depends on innovation and overcoming legacy issues. Strengthening relationships and understanding between Asian countries will support continued integration.



























