Word count; 150 wordsCompare and discuss the two basic categor.docx

Word count; 150 words
Compare and discuss the two basic categories of health policies.
Give an example of federal or state legislation that reflect each
category
Discuss the impact of federal and state legislation on health
related issues.
Discuss the impact of health policies on health services in terms
of the money, human resources, and technology used to produce
these services. Your answer should include a discussion on each
of the three areas?Word count; 150
Who are the demanders and suppliers in health policies?
Describe what motivates each in a political marketplace.Word
count; 150 words
Your Opinion and Observations
When you are ready, respond to the prompts below.
Is influence in Public Policy environments a matter of power
and focus? Why or why not
Discuss the necessity of rulemaking and the role that interest
groups play in it. Discuss the necessity of analysis in the
rulemaking process in healthcare Assess general tools and
frameworks used in policy analysis within healthcare. Word
count; 150 words
Discuss the role of policy analysis in policy modification.
Include a description of a federal agency that supports
policymaking through policy analysis. Word count; 150 words

Research a current health policy of your choice and discuss why
you find it relevant to you personally and the population. You
may also discuss any changes you would make to the policy.
Please provide justification for the change. Word count; 150
words
Case Study Religious Prayer
You have recently hired a new employee who is skilled and
experienced and has a Muslim background. He has requested he
be granted time to conduct his prayer duty which is 5 times a
day and a place to do it.
Current policy allows employees 2 fifteen minute breaks (one in
the morning and one in the afternoon) and a 30 minute lunch
period. Your company also recognizes Easter, Hanukkah, and
Christmas as holidays.
What should you do, given current practices and policy that will
not precipitate problems with the remaining staff? Word count;
150 words
What have you learned that clarifies the positions and tools
used by the various stakeholder groups to impact health care
reform legislation? Word count; 150 words
What have you learned that clarifies the process of
policymaking on health related topics? Is there anything that
you would change? Word count; 150 words
Write a 7-9 page paper with bibliography. Your written
assignments must follow APA guidelines. Be sure to support
your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning
Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate.
Refer to the Pocket Guide to APA Style to ensure in-text
citations and reference list are correct.

You will synthesize your understanding of why Medicare Part D
passed, as well as the influence of the various interest groups
and governmental entities during this process. Make sure to
discuss both the policy process and the policy environment—
that is, the key players involved and other circumstances that
shaped this policy-making effort. For this assignment, address
the following questions, doing further research as needed:
· How did various stakeholder groups influence the final
outcome of Medicare Part D legislation?
· What were the specific strategies and tools that were used
most effectively?
· Does the fact that Medicare Part D passed corresponds with
your understanding of policy and politics, or did this surprise
you? Explain your response.
Write a 7-9 page paper with a References List. Your written
assignment must follow APA guidelines. Be sure to support
You will synthesize your understanding of why Clinton’s Health
Plan was unsuccessful. Discuss the features of the Clinton
health care reform plan and provide reasons why it failed and
describe the influence of the various interest groups and
governmental entities during this process. Make sure to discuss
both the policy process and the policy environment—that is, the
key players involved and other circumstances that shaped this
policy-making effort. Consider and discuss the following:
1. Take a position in support or opposition
2. Discuss the context of this legislation - name the expected
demanders and suppliers as outlined in our textbook, Chapter 3.
3. Describe the expected interest groups and there specific
arguments.
4. Describe the expected interplay between demanders and

suppliers, interest groups and analyze the public policy
environment.
Written Assignment
Review the following report at:
https://kapextmediassl-
a.akamaihd.net/healthSci/HA545/HA545_1703C/u5_as.pdf
Using this Congressional Report for members of Congress and
your textbook, write a 5-page memorandum/paper on the topic
of rulemaking.
You are a summer intern with Harry Smith, a Congressman from
your home district. He has to advise his congressional
committee on the impact of interest groups on legislation. Write
the memorandum to explain the purpose and influence on
rulemaking in the operation of the legislation. You should offer
suggestions on the importance of the implementation phase of
the legislation.
Running head: HEALTH POLICY ASSIGNMENT
HEALTH POLICY ASSIGNMENT
8
Health policy assignment
Student’s name
University affiliation
Review the following report at:

Using this Congressional Report for members of Congress and
your textbook, write a 5-page memorandum/paper on the topic
of rulemaking.
You are a summer intern with Harry Smith, a Congressman from
your home district. He has to advise his congressional
the legislation. (YOU DID NOT DO ASSIGNMENT CORRECT,
IT DOES NOT EXPLAIN THE ASSIGNMENT BEING ASKED)
Rulemaking is essentially the creation, amendment not to
mention repeal of rules. Generally, rules are used by various
agencies in the state after the Congress with its main
responsibility of making rules passes them. They are called
regulation because they aim at controlling or prohibiting certain
behaviors. Regulations start in Congress, where there are
outlined for the formation of the agency involved. In this case,
the rules originate from the Congress https://kapextmediassl-
a.akamaihd.net/healthSci/HA545/HA545_1703C/u5_as.pdf.
Each year, the federal government issues a substantial number
of rules. These rules cover all agencies of administration. At the
same time creation together with the implementation of rules
costs a huge amount of money. However, the cost involved with
the implementation of these rules is not part of the national
government budget process.
Normally, when Congress passes a law it can require the
agency involved to create rules to supplement the primary law
or in order to meet its requirements. Moving on the Congress
issues an authorization that signals the issue of the rule. Ideally,
this means that the Congress passes a law but does not have the
experience or knowledge thereon to create the rules required to
implement the statute. On the other hand, agencies fall under

the executive branch, however, the Congress has limited
jurisdiction in the executive branch. This aspect reflects the
principle of separation in government. With this delicate
balance, it means that the Congress could be aware of the issue,
but due to its limited powers to get involved in matters related
to the executive, it may not have the expertise to address the
issue https://kapextmediassl-
a.akamaihd.net/healthSci/HA545/HA545_1703C/u5_as.pdf.
The agency, therefore, is in charge of making the rules to meet
the needs of the law from the Congress. The agency rather
expounds on the law emancipating from the Congress in order to
explicitly guide subject to the requirements of the law.
most effectively?

Medicare started covering the cost of some of the drugs that are
used in the nation in early 2006. This is known as the Medicare
Part D benefit. This benefit is administered through insurance
companies that offer approved prescription in accordance with
the Medicare Act. Medicare part D policy is advantageous in a
number of ways. First, it benefits recipients by reducing their
expenses in relation to prescribed drugs. This benefit was
greatly felt by patients with high annual expenses for
prescription medication. Interestingly, for patients with low
incomes, the policy costs them more than they paid before the
implementation of the policy. Shockingly, the legislation that
formed Part D restricts Medicare from getting involved in
negotiations of lowering cost of production thus the increase in
the cost of prescription medications is shifted to recipients.
Much of the issues with Medicare Part D policy are embedded
in its nature and the political agendas not to mention profit
motives from lobbying forces (Einav, Finkelstein, & Schrimpf,
2015).
To understand the fundamental issues surrounding this law, two
important aspects are important. The passage of the law in the
House of Republicans is important to understanding the
underlying issues in the policy. Second to this is to understand
policy impacts that sought to profit the pharmaceutical industry.
Medicare Part D policy profited these industries uncontrollably
because Medicare had no power to negotiate to lower prices
(Einav, Finkelstein, & Schrimpf, 2015). To a great degree, these
two aspects show how public policy is often misguided for
political as well as financial gain. The policy has been called
many names since its passage; however, the most fascinating
thing is that it occurred at a time when fiscal projection pointed
to a looming deficit. With all this knowledge, Republicans
suppressed them even before it was passed and coerced their

fellow Republicans to get the legislation enacted.
In respect to enactment of the policy, various strategies were
employed by the Republicans. The Republicans faked the cost
that would be incurred in the policy first ten years. The Bush
government was aware that the quoted cost was not accurate.
This is after Medicare’s chief actuary concluded that the cost
would be in excess of more than the initial cost quoted to
sustain the policy. Due to this controversy, a Republican
appointee at the department of health received threats that he
would be fired if the information was made public. This was a
strategy to keep the policy moving forward because it was
obvious that had it been made public it would have taken less
time for a member of the house or senate to kill it. Additionally,
there was also an unprecedented move to coerce members of
Congress to get the law enacted. The Republic had numbers in
the House but nevertheless when it came to the final vote it
almost failed. Interestingly, the allowed time frame for voting
came to an end, but the vote was kept open for another three
hours to allow Republicans to change their votes.
Both the passage and implementation of the policy was a clearly
a part of political agenda. The one stakeholder group
(Medicare) that should have been involved and considered more
in the law gained the least from it. The law ignored important
beneficiaries like Medicare and ended up being written by
lobbyists for own gain. The policy became of primary concern
in the sense that it helped the Republican achieve their personal
ambitions. Therefore lobbyists were among the stakeholders
who influenced the passing of Part D, irrespective of its fault.
In other words, the policy was marked by the unprecedented use
of influence in Congress and of equally concerns policy agenda.
Direct control of information is the main strategy that was
employed by the Bush government and the tactic of time applied
on the house floor for a final vote. Political agenda coined with
other interests helped guarantee control over drug pricing for

pharmaceutical industries. On top of this, the policy added to
the deficit. It had no offsets to cost and did not attempt to raise
revenue for it.
The fact that Medicare Part D passed does not correspond with
my understanding of policy and politics. The impact of this
health law had and continues to reflect Republicans’ immoral
values. The fact remains that the national debt belongs to both
parties’ thus mixing political agenda and personal interests do
no good than harm. From my own point of view any member
who voted in favor of the bill has no right to criticize anything
the Democrats have brought forth in terms of adding to the
federal debt. It is clear that the Republicans were only planning
to strategize toward winning one election, which I have no
doubt they didn’t plan for, because it was expressed in the
party’s ambitions to satisfy personal interest. Basically, the
Medicare part D policy is a surprise to any rational individual
putting into consideration, the cost, the enrolment plan, and the
period of time it took to be passed. Pharmaceuticals companies
tend to profit from the policy instead for the consumers.

arguments.
environment.
The plan begins with the assumption that all the population in
the United States must be assured health coverage that as the
president said could not be taken away. The assumption
presented in this universality assumes that coverage could better
health care delivery as well as the well-being for the society. In
this case, I think Clinton’s health plan was unsuccessful it
failed to consider very important elements in relation to who is
going to pay, how much, for what, and limit among others.
From this standpoint, the plan was nothing more than an
enormous of luxury. However, this does not dispute the ethical
element involved in covering all individuals. Freedom of choice
is another element defined in this plan because the health plan
to some extent restricted the individuals’ liberty to make
important health choices (Eibner, Nowa & Liu, 2016). On the
other hand, the plan faced resistance from the conservative
groups, because this totality of inclusivity meant all the
population would be covered.
They are different interest groups in relation to Clinton’s health
plan. Because healthcare is a diverse industry and affects every
citizen in America, legislators appear to be emerging. National
health reforms involving the guarantee of coverage for all
Americans necessitate some national rules. This includes the
obligation of various key players such as employers, individuals

as well as governments. Policymakers argued that the issue of
comprehensives was more sophisticated. A nationally
guaranteed benefit could be narrowed by covering fewer
services or limiting benefits in terms of days. For different
reasons, each of these options was invalidated. In a nutshell, the
policy was viewed to be too good but limiting the extent of
coverage would be burden key plays in the health industry,
especially the government ((Eibner, Nowa & Liu, 2016). On the
other hand, the health plan expected all employers and
individuals to contribute making them key stakeholders.
The interplay between demanders and suppliers is the change of
the policies that influence the direction of healthcare facilities.
Furthermore, the decision made by legislators together with
executives who assumes the role of suppliers may garner a
response by means of compensating for the implications.
Similarly, health services on the basis of money impacted by the
political market. The United States, allocates substantially, a
huge sum of money to cater for health expenditures irrespective
of being the leading nation in per capita. With the ever-
increasing health expenditure in the nation, this is going to
affect health care facilities and reduces individuals’ access to
health services. To summarize, the impending debate over
health care is likely to persist. The challenges revolving around
the coverage can be met.
References
Ward, J. (2016). Keeping the family business healthy: How to
plan for continuing growth, profitability, and family leadership.
Springer.
Swinburn, B., Kraak, V., Rutter, H., Vandevijvere, S., Lobstein,
T., Sacks, G., ... & Magnusson, R. (2015). Strengthening of
accountability systems to create healthy food environments and
reduce global obesity. The Lancet, 385(9986), 2534-2545.
Einav, L., Finkelstein, A., & Schrimpf, P. (2015). The response

of drug expenditure to nonlinear contract design: evidence from
medicare part D. The quarterly journal of economics, 130(2),
841-899.
Eibner, C., Nowak, S., & Liu, J. (2016). Hillary Clinton’s
Health Care Reform Proposals: Anticipated Effects on Insurance
Coverage, Out-of-Pocket Costs, and the Federal
Deficit. Commonwealth Fund, September, 23.
The Federal Rulemaking Process: An Overview: Congressional
Research Service Report RL32240 by Curtis W. Copeland,
Government and Finance Division. Retrieved from
Case Study Reflection
Write a 4-5 page paper. Your written assignments must follow
APA guidelines. Be sure to support your work with specific
citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional
scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Pocket Guide to
APA Style to ensure that in- text citations and reference list are
correct. Submit your assignment to the Dropbox by the end of
this Unit.
In 2007 San Francisco began its Healthy San Francisco Plan
designed to provide health care for all San Francisco citizens. In
2007, it was estimated that San Francisco had 82,000 uninsured
citizens. Under the plan, all uninsured citizens residing in San
Francisco can seek care at the city's public and private clinics
and hospitals. The basic coverage includes lab work, x-rays,
surgery, and preventative care. The city plans to pay for this
$203 million coverage by rerouting the $104 million the city
currently spends treating the uninsured in the emergency rooms,
mandating business contributions, and requiring income-
adjusted enrollment fees. The plan requires all businesses with
more than 20 employees to contribute a percentage toward the
plan. Many business owners consider this a burden and warn

they will not stay in the city. The Mayor sees universal health
access a moral obligation for the city.
Take one of the following positions.
· San Francisco has an obligation to provide its citizens with
health access.-OR-
· San Francisco does not have an obligation to provide its
citizens with health access.
Discuss the following in your assignment:
1. What is the government's role in regulating healthy and
unhealthy behavior?
2. Has the balance between personal freedom and the
government's responsibility to provide health and welfare of its
citizens been eroded? Why or why not?
3. Written Assignment
4. Review the following report at:
5. https://kapextmediassl-
6. Using this Congressional Report for members of Congress
and your textbook, write a 5-page memorandum/paper on the
topic of rulemaking.
7. You are a summer intern with Harry Smith, a Congressman
from your home district. He has to advise his congressional
the legislation.
Paper

most effectively?
Paper
arguments.
environment.

Word count; 150 wordsCompare and discuss the two basic categor.docx

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