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Wireless sensor networks
This document provides an introduction to wireless sensor networks. It discusses how sensor networks are composed of spatially distributed sensor nodes that monitor physical conditions and work cooperatively to gather and transmit sensor data via wireless communication. Each sensor node contains basic computing and communication capabilities. The document outlines common network topologies used in sensor networks and compares the capabilities of modern sensor nodes to early personal computers. Finally, it lists several example application domains for wireless sensor networks, including environmental/infrastructure monitoring, smart homes/offices, traffic control, medical care, industrial processes, and military surveillance.
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Wireless sensor networks
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- 2. Contents – Basic Introductionto Communication Network – Basic Network Topologies – WSN Concept – A Commercial Sensor Node – Sensor Network – Comparision Between a PC and Sensor Mote – Working of a Sensor Node – Some Real Time Applications – References
- 3. Communication Network • Acommunication network is composed of nodes, each of which has computing power transmit and receive messages over communication links, wireless or cabled.
- 4. Basic Network Topologies StarTopology Ring Topology Bus Topology Tree Topology
- 5. Fully Connected NetworksMesh Networks Mesh nets can be good models for large-scale networks of wireless sensors that are distributed over a geographic region.
- 6. Each node consistsof Wireless Sensor Networks are networks that consists of sensors which are distributed in an ad hoc manner. These sensors work with each other to sense some physical phenomenon and then the information gathered is processed to get relevant results. WSN
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- 8. A single networkmay consist of several interconnected subnets of different topologies. A WSN is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations.
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- 11. The flowing ofdata ends at special nodes called base stations (sometimes referred to as sinks). A base station links the sensor network to another network (like a gateway) to disseminate the data sensed for further processing.
- 12. Base stations haveenhanced capabilities over simple sensor nodes since they must do complex data processing. Base stations have • workstation/laptop class processors, • enough memory, • energy, storage • computational power
- 13. Computer Revolution 0.5 oz,2.25 x 1.25 x 0.25 inch 25 lb, 19.5 x 5.5 x 16 inch ~14 mW~ 64 W ~ $35~ $6K (today) 512 KB Flash160 KB Floppies 128 KB RAM16-256 KB RAM 4 MHz4.77 MHz MICAZ Mote (2005)Original IBM PC (1981)
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- 16. Military Military uses sensornetworks for battlefield surveillance; sensors could monitor vehicular traffic, track the position of the enemy. .
- 17. Smart Home /Smart Office Sensors controlling appliances and electrical devices in the house. Better lighting and heating in office buildings. The Pentagon building has used sensors extensively
- 18. Traffic Management &Monitoring Future cars could use wireless sensors to: Handle Accidents Handle Thefts Sensors embedded in the roads to: –Monitor traffic flows –Provide real-time route updates
- 19. Biomedical / Medical •Health Monitors – Glucose – Heart rate – Cancer detection • Chronic Diseases – Artificial retina – Cochlear implants • Hospital Sensors – Monitor vital signs – Record anomalies
- 20. Industrial & Commercial Numerousindustrial and Commercial applications: -Agricultural Crop Conditions -Inventory Tracking -In-Process Parts Tracking -Automated Problem Reporting -RFID – Theft Deterrent and Customer Tracing -Plant Equipment Maintenance Monitoring
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