The document is about solid waste management. It discusses:
1) Total solid waste (TSW) refers to all waste generated including from agriculture, mining, and industry. Americans generate about 21 tons of TSW per person annually.
2) Municipal solid waste (MSW) refers specifically to waste generated from homes, schools, and businesses, which amounts to over 180 million tons annually in the US.
3) Managing the increasing amounts of MSW is a growing problem due to shrinking landfill space and a rising population.
Growing Food Where it is Needed
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Growing Food Where it is Needed
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
All around the world, every country, city and nation have the same.docxgalerussel59292
All around the world, every country, city and nation have the same recurring problem of waste. The main problem with our way of taking care of the waste we create is that we do not use that same waste and recycle it. The reason for this is that people are not being taught about waste disposal correctly. There are many plastic and metals that we throw away that can be recycled but many places, which are responsible for the recycling, don’t take them because there isn’t enough workers to do so. Futhermore waste like apple cores, banana peels all can be recycled and used as fertilizers or a way to create energy known as methane gas, however not enough recycling places do so. The biggest problem, however is that we live in a wasteful time. The idea that we just throw away our things or used products without being responsible for it is not good. We need to be using more recyclable objects and each person is charged on how much they throw away, rather than a flat rate for everyone. With all this waste earth is dying. Animals are losing their homes turning them into landfills. Man and animals cannot live in a world where the waste is just being dumped away. Problems such as pollution, global warming and other will make it harder and harder for us to live. That problem is that people out there don’t care enough to do something about it as they don’t have the knowledge to what this can lead to. I believe more education about waste should be taught and what the damages of poulltion can do to our earth. We see this today with temperatures rising, causing animals not being able to live as these temperatures destroy their habitats. In Cities like los angeles the air is polluted to a point where you can literally see the smog and such over the city. Something has to be done before its too late.
We have the ability to do something about this. And change our enoviroment before its too late and doesn’t just end up being a waste. In years time if we don’t do something about this the problem will be bigger and bigger to the point where we can no longer live on this earth. If we keep "air" pollution up for another 1000 years, we will be sufficated by carbon monoxide. If we keep "water" pollution up, we will die of thirst. If we keep "land" pollution up, we will be buried by our own waste.
Workshop Three Post-Reading Questions
1. Choose one question listed in the handout from each chapter.
2. Write a short essay to answer each question you selected. The essays are to be double spaced and approximately a half to a full page in length each. Many of the questions contain several parts; make sure that you have answered all parts of the question, as well as done any drawings requested.
Chapter 8: The Human Population (Environmental Science)
1. What are the environmental and social consequences of rapid population growth in rural developing areas? In urban developing areas?
2. Describe the negative and positive consequences of affluence on the environment.
.
Within its development’s first stages no worldwide issue, that’s a problem that splashes might anybody in just about any part of Our Planet could be generated by several humanity. Consequently of the negotiation of property and just about all humanity formerly hidden the atmosphere and also level financial improvement started initially to seem progressively amplified issues that were worldwide. Each them and especially all together to trigger all existence on our planet’s damage.
Presently, the extensive, i.e. worldwide issues of humanity contain:
the demographic issue brought on by quick population development within the weakest countries;
ecological issue related to extreme ecological destruction, producing the earth uninhabitable;
the issue of individual improvement of types of assets, including meals;
geopolitical issues that supply rise to issues and jeopardize mankind suicidal World War;
problem of deepening inequality and unequal improvement of various places, countries, areas, etc., continuously making local and worldwide concerns.
This is actually the improvement of world, and also the most significant complicated individual issues in the world continuously produce fresh and new. Hence, humanity started initially to jeopardize horrible illness. These utilize medication habit, terrorism, offense, dying conventional religious ideals. This really is possibly grounded reasons for problems that are worldwide.
Bill Rees: The Vulnerability and Resilience of CitiesJoss Winn
Bill Rees, originator of the ecological footprint, says we are already into overshoot. We can plan to reduce our use of Earth's resources, or plunge through a series of disasters.
Full keynote speech from "Resilient Cities" conference. Vancouver, October 20th 2009
l̂̂̂ î;The environmental revolution has been almost.docxSHIVA101531
l̂̂̂ î;
The environmental revolution has been almost
three decades in the making, and it has changed for-
ever how companies do business. In the 1960s and
1970s, corporations were in a state of denial regard-
ing their impact on the environment. Then a series
of highly visible ecological problems created a
groundswell of support for strict government regu-
lation. In the United States, Lake Erie was dead. In
Europe, the Rhine was on fire. In Japan, people were
dying of mercury poisoning.
Today many companies have accepted their re-
sponsibility to do no harm to the environment.
Products and production processes are becoming
cleaner; and where sueh change is under way, the
environment is on the mend. In the industrialized
nations, more and more companies are "going
green" as they realize that they can reduce pollu-
tion and increase profits simultaneously. We have
come a long way.
fer to as its carrying capacity. Increasingly, the
scourges of the late twentieth century-depleted
farmland, fisheries, and forests,- choking urban pol-
lution,- poverty; infectious disease; and migration-
are spilling over geopolitical borders. The simple
fact is this: in meeting our needs, we are destroying
the ability of future generations to meet theirs.
The roots of the problem-explosive population
growth and rapid economic development in the
emerging economies - are political and social issues
that exceed the mandate and the capabilities of any
corporation. At the same time, corporations are the
only organizations with the resources, the technol-
ogy, the global reach, and, ultimately, the motiva-
tion to achieve sustainability.
It is easy to state the case in the negative: faced
with impoverished customers, degraded environ-
ments, failing political systems, and unraveling
societies, it will be increasingly difficult for cor-
Strateqies for a Sustainable World
But the distance we've traveled will seem small
when, in 30 years, we look hack at the 1990s. Be-
yond greening lies an enormous challenge-and an
enormous opportunity. The challenge is to develop
a sustainable global economy: an economy that the
planet is capable of supporting indefinitely. Al-
though we may be approaching ecological recovery
in the developed world, the planet as a whole re-
mains on an unsustainable course. Those who
think that sustainability is only a matter of pollu-
tion control are missing the bigger picture. Even if
all the companies in the developed world were to
achieve zero emissions by the year 2000, the earth
would still be stressed beyond what biologists re-
porations to do business. But the positive case is
even more powerful. The more we learn about the
challenges of sustainability, the clearer it is that we
are poised at the threshold of a historic moment
in which many of the world's industries may be
transformed.
To date, the business logic for greening has been
largely operational or technical: bottom-up pollu-
tion-prevention programs have saved companies
S ...
All around the world, every country, city and nation have the same.docxgalerussel59292
All around the world, every country, city and nation have the same recurring problem of waste. The main problem with our way of taking care of the waste we create is that we do not use that same waste and recycle it. The reason for this is that people are not being taught about waste disposal correctly. There are many plastic and metals that we throw away that can be recycled but many places, which are responsible for the recycling, don’t take them because there isn’t enough workers to do so. Futhermore waste like apple cores, banana peels all can be recycled and used as fertilizers or a way to create energy known as methane gas, however not enough recycling places do so. The biggest problem, however is that we live in a wasteful time. The idea that we just throw away our things or used products without being responsible for it is not good. We need to be using more recyclable objects and each person is charged on how much they throw away, rather than a flat rate for everyone. With all this waste earth is dying. Animals are losing their homes turning them into landfills. Man and animals cannot live in a world where the waste is just being dumped away. Problems such as pollution, global warming and other will make it harder and harder for us to live. That problem is that people out there don’t care enough to do something about it as they don’t have the knowledge to what this can lead to. I believe more education about waste should be taught and what the damages of poulltion can do to our earth. We see this today with temperatures rising, causing animals not being able to live as these temperatures destroy their habitats. In Cities like los angeles the air is polluted to a point where you can literally see the smog and such over the city. Something has to be done before its too late.
We have the ability to do something about this. And change our enoviroment before its too late and doesn’t just end up being a waste. In years time if we don’t do something about this the problem will be bigger and bigger to the point where we can no longer live on this earth. If we keep "air" pollution up for another 1000 years, we will be sufficated by carbon monoxide. If we keep "water" pollution up, we will die of thirst. If we keep "land" pollution up, we will be buried by our own waste.
Workshop Three Post-Reading Questions
1. Choose one question listed in the handout from each chapter.
2. Write a short essay to answer each question you selected. The essays are to be double spaced and approximately a half to a full page in length each. Many of the questions contain several parts; make sure that you have answered all parts of the question, as well as done any drawings requested.
Chapter 8: The Human Population (Environmental Science)
1. What are the environmental and social consequences of rapid population growth in rural developing areas? In urban developing areas?
2. Describe the negative and positive consequences of affluence on the environment.
.
Within its development’s first stages no worldwide issue, that’s a problem that splashes might anybody in just about any part of Our Planet could be generated by several humanity. Consequently of the negotiation of property and just about all humanity formerly hidden the atmosphere and also level financial improvement started initially to seem progressively amplified issues that were worldwide. Each them and especially all together to trigger all existence on our planet’s damage.
Presently, the extensive, i.e. worldwide issues of humanity contain:
the demographic issue brought on by quick population development within the weakest countries;
ecological issue related to extreme ecological destruction, producing the earth uninhabitable;
the issue of individual improvement of types of assets, including meals;
geopolitical issues that supply rise to issues and jeopardize mankind suicidal World War;
problem of deepening inequality and unequal improvement of various places, countries, areas, etc., continuously making local and worldwide concerns.
This is actually the improvement of world, and also the most significant complicated individual issues in the world continuously produce fresh and new. Hence, humanity started initially to jeopardize horrible illness. These utilize medication habit, terrorism, offense, dying conventional religious ideals. This really is possibly grounded reasons for problems that are worldwide.
Bill Rees: The Vulnerability and Resilience of CitiesJoss Winn
Bill Rees, originator of the ecological footprint, says we are already into overshoot. We can plan to reduce our use of Earth's resources, or plunge through a series of disasters.
Full keynote speech from "Resilient Cities" conference. Vancouver, October 20th 2009
l̂̂̂ î;The environmental revolution has been almost.docxSHIVA101531
l̂̂̂ î;
The environmental revolution has been almost
three decades in the making, and it has changed for-
ever how companies do business. In the 1960s and
1970s, corporations were in a state of denial regard-
ing their impact on the environment. Then a series
of highly visible ecological problems created a
groundswell of support for strict government regu-
lation. In the United States, Lake Erie was dead. In
Europe, the Rhine was on fire. In Japan, people were
dying of mercury poisoning.
Today many companies have accepted their re-
sponsibility to do no harm to the environment.
Products and production processes are becoming
cleaner; and where sueh change is under way, the
environment is on the mend. In the industrialized
nations, more and more companies are "going
green" as they realize that they can reduce pollu-
tion and increase profits simultaneously. We have
come a long way.
fer to as its carrying capacity. Increasingly, the
scourges of the late twentieth century-depleted
farmland, fisheries, and forests,- choking urban pol-
lution,- poverty; infectious disease; and migration-
are spilling over geopolitical borders. The simple
fact is this: in meeting our needs, we are destroying
the ability of future generations to meet theirs.
The roots of the problem-explosive population
growth and rapid economic development in the
emerging economies - are political and social issues
that exceed the mandate and the capabilities of any
corporation. At the same time, corporations are the
only organizations with the resources, the technol-
ogy, the global reach, and, ultimately, the motiva-
tion to achieve sustainability.
It is easy to state the case in the negative: faced
with impoverished customers, degraded environ-
ments, failing political systems, and unraveling
societies, it will be increasingly difficult for cor-
Strateqies for a Sustainable World
But the distance we've traveled will seem small
when, in 30 years, we look hack at the 1990s. Be-
yond greening lies an enormous challenge-and an
enormous opportunity. The challenge is to develop
a sustainable global economy: an economy that the
planet is capable of supporting indefinitely. Al-
though we may be approaching ecological recovery
in the developed world, the planet as a whole re-
mains on an unsustainable course. Those who
think that sustainability is only a matter of pollu-
tion control are missing the bigger picture. Even if
all the companies in the developed world were to
achieve zero emissions by the year 2000, the earth
would still be stressed beyond what biologists re-
porations to do business. But the positive case is
even more powerful. The more we learn about the
challenges of sustainability, the clearer it is that we
are poised at the threshold of a historic moment
in which many of the world's industries may be
transformed.
To date, the business logic for greening has been
largely operational or technical: bottom-up pollu-
tion-prevention programs have saved companies
S ...
1. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE ITAJUBÁ – CAMPUS ITABIRA
BACi02 – COMUNICAÇÃO E EXPRESSÃO – Língua Inglesa
Engenharia Ambiental – 2012/2
Profa. Maria Elizabete Villela Santiago, M.A. elizabetesantiago@unifei.edu.br
1 Learning Strategies
Utilizando a estratégia scanning, responda as perguntas A – D. As repostas podem ser em
inglês.
a) Quais os dois termos usados para calcular solid waste são citados no texto?
b) Quais as siglas usadas para esses dois termos?
c) Quanto MSW é gerado por pessoa anualmente nos Estados Unidos?
d) Complete a legenda dos gráficos abaixo com informação do texto:
2. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE ITAJUBÁ – CAMPUS ITABIRA
BACi02 – COMUNICAÇÃO E EXPRESSÃO – Língua Inglesa
Engenharia Ambiental – 2012/2
Profa. Maria Elizabete Villela Santiago, M.A. elizabetesantiago@unifei.edu.br
What is Solid Waste?
Defining Solid Waste
There are many ways to define solid waste. When you read news articles or
hear people talk about solid waste, you might hear terms such as “garbage,”
“refuse,” “waste material,” or “trash” to describe what we throw away. Two
important terms to understand in learning about this issue are total solid waste and
municipal solid waste.
Total Solid Waste
Total Solid Waste (TSW) means everything that our nation throws away each
day. Each year in the United States, we throw away about 21 tons of garbage for
every person living in the country. This amounts to about 115 pounds per person per
day. Who creates all this material?
The following table shows you where our total solid waste comes from:
51% agriculture
38% mining
8% industry
3% municipal solid waste
Together these sources of waste create a problem for people in the U.S.: what
do we do with all this waste?
3. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE ITAJUBÁ – CAMPUS ITABIRA
BACi02 – COMUNICAÇÃO E EXPRESSÃO – Língua Inglesa
Engenharia Ambiental – 2012/2
Profa. Maria Elizabete Villela Santiago, M.A. elizabetesantiago@unifei.edu.br
Municipal Solid Waste
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the garbage that Americans produce in their
homes and where they work. The word “municipal” means anything that is operated
and controlled by elected local officials such as city or county governments. Usually
MSW refers to what we throw away each day in our cities and towns. MSW contains
all kinds of garbage including newspapers, yard waste, old appliances, household
garbage, used furniture and just about anything you can think of that people throw
away at home, schools, and businesses.
Americans generate more than 180 million tons of MSW each year. This is
about 1,300 pounds for each person each year. It means that on average, each of us
creates a little over 4 pounds of garbage every day.
What goes into our nation’s MSW? This table shows you the components of
what we throw away by weight: *
40% Paper
17.6% Yard Waste
8.5% Metals
7.0% Glass
7.4% Food
8% Plastics
11.6% Miscellaneous
(* Percentage does not total 100% due to rounding)
Together, these components create a lot of trash that must be disposed of each
day. This problem will increase in the years ahead. According to the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), Americans will be throwing away 25% more garbage by
the year 2000. That’s 45 million more pounds of MSW for disposal.
Disposing of MSW
Where does all the garbage go? Over 72% of all our MSW goes into the
ground in landfills. About 15% is burned and only 13% is recycled or reused.
Landfills have been the method most societies have used to get rid of garbage.
A landfill is a special pit that has been dug in the ground to hold garbage. Once the pit
is full, dirt is used to cover the trash. The landfill becomes a place where MSW will
be kept for hundreds of years.
For many reasons, fewer landfills are being built today as older landfills close.
There are about 5,000 landfills left in the United States and half of these will be
4. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE ITAJUBÁ – CAMPUS ITABIRA
BACi02 – COMUNICAÇÃO E EXPRESSÃO – Língua Inglesa
Engenharia Ambiental – 2012/2
Profa. Maria Elizabete Villela Santiago, M.A. elizabetesantiago@unifei.edu.br
closed by the year 2000.
.
The Future of MSW
Population growth has had the largest impact on the solid waste stream.
Americans continue to create more MSW. Since 1865, when the total U.S. population
was 35 million, the number of people living in the United States has grown to 250
million. As the number of people grew, so did the total amount of trash produced. At
the same time, available landfill space has been shrinking.
These facts create a problem for all of us: what will we do with all the MSW
we produce?
Adaptado de TENESSEE SOLID WASTE PROJECT EDUCATION PROJECT. What is Solid
Waste?. Disponível em: < http://www-tnswep.ra.utk.edu/activities/pdfs/ha-ma-W.pdf>. Acesso em
28 ago. 2012
Agora responda as perguntas E – F em português, usando as estratégias prediction e
skimming.
e) Explique os termos Total Solid Waste e Municipal Solid Waste.
f) Por que gerenciar o MSW é considerado um problema?