OpenStack is open-source software for building private and public clouds. It provides services for compute, storage, and networking (networking projects allow resources to be shared across clouds). Using OpenStack can help enterprises reduce costs compared to vendor lock-in agreements and manage large server clusters, storage, and networks more efficiently.

1. What Is Openstack And Its Importance
Service Providers and enterprises need to ensure that their networks remain a relevant and important
part of users'everyday experience, and deliver added value in new and unique ways. How new
technologies like cloud, Software Defined Networking (SDN) will help them do this and efficient
management across network resources and cloud application. In this paper we have talked about
what is Openstack and its importance and briefly explored three major Openstack projects Compute,
Storage and Network and discussed their capabilities. Secondly we have mentioned three different
approaches of SDN Cloud convergence. How SDN proves useful in cloud environment and achieve
high flexibility and higher innovation. The also paper presents an alternate architecture that
combines SDN and Cloud Architecture. 1. Introduction: Traditional network model requires
tremendous commitment of hardware resources, dedicated budgets along with managing On–
premise datacentre. The enterprise or the IT industry is dependent on its own computing, storage and
networking capabilities. Effective solution for the traditional networking model is Cloud. Cloud
computing is on demand service. Virtualizing network resource for providing users with the required
bandwidth and level of service they expect is the promise of Cloud. There are quite a few cloud
service providers who offer cloud services to manage computing and storage resources. But the IT
industry and others have to pay for the service. Openstack can be
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3. Taking a Look at the Internet of Things (IoT)
1. INTRODUCTION
Recently, the concept of the Internet as a set of connected computer devices is changed to a set of
connected surrounding things of human's living space, such as home appliances, machines,
transportation, business storage, and goods etc. The number of things in the living space is larger
than the number of world population. Research is going on how to make these things to
communicate with each other like computer devices communicate through Internet. The
communication among these things is referred as Internet of Things (IoT). Till now, there is no
specific definition or standard architecture of IoT. Some researchers define the IoT as a new model
that contains all of wireless communication technologies such as wireless sensor networks, mobile
networks, and actuators. Each element of IoT is called a thing and should have a unique address.
Things communicate using the Radio–Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and work in
harmony to reach a common goal. In addition, the IoT should contain a strategy to determine its
users and their privileges and restrictions.
Smart connectivity with existing networks and context–aware computation using network resources
is an indispensable part of IoT. With the growing presence of WiFi and 4G–LTE wireless Inter–net
access, the evolution towards ubiquitous information and communication networks is already
evident. However, for the Internet of Things vision to successfully emerge, the computing paradigm
will need to go
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5. Section{Secure Cloud Computation: Threats, Requirements
section{Secure Cloud Computation: Threats, Requirements and Efficiency}
In this section, one common system architecture of outsourcing computation is firstly proposed.
Then, we demonstrate typical security threats and corresponding security requirements. After that,
some functionally work related to secure outsourcing are discussed. The concept of the balance
between security and efficiency is briefly talked at the end of the section. subsection{System
Architectures for Outsourcing Computation }
A common secure computing outsourcing architecture is as illustrated in Figure~ ef{fig:one}.
egin{figure} centerline{includegraphics[width=80mm]{abst}} caption{A hierarchy of
computation abstraction levels.} label{fig:one} end{figure}
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In some application scenarios, the system architecture can be largely diversified, such as the
collaborative outsourced data mining with multi–owner [Secure Nearest Neighbor Revisited] and
the bioinformatic data aggregation and computation on cloud servers. [Secure and Verifiable
Outsourcing of Large–Scale Biometrics Computations] More details for the variants of system
architecture will be discussed in Section 6.
subsection{Security Threats in Data Outsourcing}
Though the architecture of cloud computation brings about the mitigation or negation of current
security threats for users, such as the risk of leaking sensitive information at a lost or stolen laptop,
new vulnerabilities and challenges are introduced. [Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud
Computing] The threats to information assets residing in the cloud, including the outsourced data
(input) and its corresponding solution (output), can generally be on extit{confidentiality} given the
context of cloud computation. The data that resides in the cloud is out of control of cloud user. It has
to be satisfied that only authorized party can access the sensitive data, while other party
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7. The Open Source Of Cloud Computing
As building and maintaining the infrastructure for compute, storage and networking resources from
the ground up is becoming a serious capital constraint for small and medium businesses (SMBs) and
enterprises, the era of cloud computing is becoming more and more established. This paper aims at
understanding the open source OpenStack architecture and various services that it provides as
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) to build scalable, cost–friendly and efficient cloud that relates to
managing and maintaining large clusters of commodity and x86 servers along with storage and
networking resources. It is very important for the service providers and enterprises to look into open
source cloud computing platforms as using open source solutions can drastically cut down the
capital costs and help enterprises from getting into a vendor lock–in service level agreements. I.
Introduction Cloud is a trending term across the Internet and is often confused with data center and
virtualization. To begin with, data center and virtualization are centric to the cloud, but scope of the
cloud as a whole is much wider. To put in simple words, a cloud is a pool of large configurable
resources that are available on demand over the Internet. These resources can be available in the
form of storage devices, servers, processors, and network interfaces [4]. Packaging these resources
to provide services to end–users is termed as cloud computing. The users are provided with an ease
of accessibility
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9. International Journal On Cloud Computing
International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and ArchitectureTrusted Cloud Computing
Introduction Cloud computing is a service that many businesses and organizations use to store large
amounts of data with more cost efficiency. Using a service such as cloud computing can greatly
minimize the cost spent on hardware and software or software licensing for corporations, and at the
same time enhance the performance of business processes. The main concern with cloud computing
remains primarily with privacy and security since all data and information are stored on the service
provider's network rather than a local personal computer. However, to resolve the problem of
security, a Trusted cloud computing platform (TCCP) design was proposed to enable Infrastructure
as a Service (IAAS). The suppliers like Amazon EC2 guarantees the trusted execution of virtual
machines to provide a closed box execution, facilitating the users to test the IAAS supplier and
decide whether the service is secure or not before launching their virtual machines (Santos,
Gummadi, Rodrigues, 2009, p. 1). Considering how important cloud computing had become,
TCCP seems to be an ideal solution to the problem of cloud computing privacy and security.
Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS) Infrastructure as a service is one of three service models of cloud
computing. By using this service, users install their operating system and their application software
on the cloud computing provider's computer (Rainer,
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11. Options For Implementing Intrusion Detection Systems Essay
Options for Implementing Intrusion Detection Systems Signature based IDS These IDS possess an
attacked description that can be matched to sensed attack manifestations. It catches the intrusions in
terms of the characteristics of known attacks or system vulnerabilities. This IDS analyzes
information it gathers and compares it to a database of known attacks, which are identified by their
individual signatures. The rules are pre–defined. It is also known as misuse detection. The
drawbacks of this IDS is that they are unable to detect novel or unknown attacks, Suffer from false
alarm and have to programmed again for every new pattern to be detected. Anomaly based IDS This
IDS models define the baseline to describe normal state of network or host. Any activity outside
baseline is considered to be an attack i.e. it detects any action that significantly deviates from the
normal behavior. The primary strength is its ability to recognize novel attacks. The drawback is that
it assumes that intrusions will be accompanied by manifestations that are sufficiently unusual so as
to permit detection. These generate many false alarms as well and hence compromise the
effectiveness of the IDS. Network based IDS This IDS looks for attack signatures in network traffic
via a promiscuous interface. It analyzes all passing traffic. A filter is usually applied to determine
which traffic will be discarded or passed on to an attack recognition module. This helps to filter out
known un–malicious
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13. Cloud Computing Essay
An In–Depth Overview of Cloud Computing
An Introduction
For many of us it's hard to imagine a world without the computer, but this technology is still
relatively new. The Atanasoff–Berry Computer, developed by John Atanasoff and Cliff Berry, which
is considered to be the first electronic digital computer, wasn't developed until 1937. (Mackintosh,
1987) This development led to the creation of the modern computer, however, it wasn't until 1973
that Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn laid the groundwork for what we now call the internet. (IHF, 2016)
They created network protocols, enabling computers everywhere to connect and share information
with each other. These protocols consist of a set of rules and standards to eliminate communication
failures. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several computing paradigms or models have been developed which maintain the distributed
architecture manifest in this network system. These include Peer–to–Peer, Cluster, and Jungle
Computing, as well as Cloud Computing which is built on top of grid and utility computing, as seen
in Figure 2. (Kahanwal Singh, 2012)
Anatomy of a Cloud
Cloud Computing is a recently emergent paradigm whereby services, such as data, programs and
hardware, are managed and delivered over the internet. These services are provided to computers
and other devices on–demand, like the electricity over the grid. This model offers users not only
services, but unlimited computing power, accessed from anywhere in the world via a web browser.
Instead of relying on the power of a local, individual device, computing power is distributed, virtual
and scalable, enabling users to access the computation, storage and other application resources on–
demand. (Sun, White Gray, 2011) According to Carl Hewitt, Cloud Computing is a paradigm in
which information is permanently stored in servers on the internet and cached temporarily on clients
that include desktops, entertainment centers, table computers, notebooks, wall computers,
handhelds, sensors, monitors, etc. (Hewitt, 2008)
Characteristics. A publication by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology defines
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15. A Comparative Study Of Risc, Mainframe, And Vector...
A comparative study of RISC, CISC, Mainframe, and Vector processor architectures
Over all the world there are software programmable devices for all applications for different uses
and purposes. Also there are software programmable devices that are used only for networking
applications, they are called Network Processors. Network Processors have evolved over the years
and have a lot of different types for same and different purposes. Network Processors are used for
moving data from place to another as Routing, Switching, and Bridging, providing Services as
Traffic Shaping, Security, and Monitoring, also they execute programs to handle packets in a
network. They are one of the most complex systems ever created by Humans. There are many types
of network processors as RISC, CISC, Mainframe, and Vector processor architectures. They uses
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) that are used for design techniques for the set of processors and
for implementing the instruction work flow.
First, we will talk about first type of processors RISC (Reduced instruction set computing)
architecture. It was created by John Cocke and his team at IBM by creating the first prototype
computer in 1974. It is a type of microchip architecture that designed to use a small set of
instructions rather than a more complex set of instructions in other types of processor. RISC
processors execute instructions with one clock cycle, so they use simple instructions. They work
with reduced instructions only
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17. Advanced It Outsourcing by Using Cloud Computing Model
ISSN: 2277–3061 (online) International Journal of Computers Technology Volume 2 No.2 April
2012 Advanced IT Outsourcing By Using Cloud Computing Model Amanbir kaur chahal Assistant
Professor Global Institute of Emerging Technologies, Amritsar, Punjab Gurpreet Singh Research
Fellow Adesh Institute of Engineering Technology Faridkot, Punjab over the Internet and the
hardware and systems software in the datacenters that provide those services (Software as a Service)
The datacenter hardware and software is what we will call a Cloud. When a Cloud is made available
in a pay–as–you–go manner to the public, we call it a Public Cloud; the service being sold is Utility
ComputingResearchers propose a three way model for provision and ... Show more content on
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Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered as services 2.2 Distributed and Grid
Computing Distributed computing is a technique where computing tasks are processed by a
collection of networked computers and therefore can be seen a cluster of computers Grid computing
creates a fast virtual computer from a network of computers by using their idle cycles.Even though
grid computing is an important successor to distributed computing, the computing environments are
essentially different. For distributed computing, resources are homogeneous and are reserved,
leading to guaranteed processing capacity. On the other hand, grid environments are 1
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19. Virtual Memory Management For Operating System Kernels 5
CSG1102
Operating Systems
Joondalup campus
Assignment 1
Memory Management
Tutor: Don Griffiths
Author: Shannon Baker (no. 10353608)
Contents
Virtual Memory with Pages 2
Virtual Memory Management 2
A Shared Virtual Memory System for Parallel Computing 3
Page Placement Algorithms for Large Real–Indexed Caches 3
Virtual Memory in Contemporary Microprocessors 3
Machine–Independent Virtual Memory Management for Paged Uniprocessor and Multiprocessor
Architectures 4
Virtual Memory with Segmentation 4
Segmentation 4
Virtual Memory, Processes, and Sharing in MULTICS 4
Virtual Memory 5
Generic Virtual Memory Management for Operating System Kernels 5
A Fast Translation Method for Paging on Top of Segmentation 5
References 6
Virtual Memory with Pages
Virtual Memory Management
(Deitel, Deitel, Choffnes, 2004)
A page replacement strategy is used to determine which page to swap when the main memory is full.
There are several page replacement strategies discussed in this book, these methods are known as

20. Random, First–In–First–Out, Least–Recently–Used, Least–Frequently–Used and Not–Used–
Recently. The Random strategy randomly selects a page in main memory for replacement, this is
fast but can cause overhead if it selects a frequently used page. FIFO removes the page that has been
in the memory the longest. LRU removes the page that has been least recently accessed, this is more
efficient than FIFO but causes more system overhead. LFU replaces pages based on
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22. Developing An Advanced Modern Distributed Networking System
Abstract – Developing an advanced modern distributed networking system is very difficult and hard
to manage as they operate over different environments, hence they have little control over the
system and the environment in which they execute. The hardware and software resources in these
networks may fail and become malicious unexpectedly. In these scenarios redundancy based
reliability techniques can help manage such failures. But when the network is faced with dynamic
and unpredictable resources and also there are chances of hackers and attackers to easily enter the
network, in these situations the system or the network reliability can still fluctuate greatly. In order
to tackle these kind of situations we need to come up with some kind ... Show more content on
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Also if there is a desired increase in the system's reliability, then iterative redundancy achieves this
reliability by using least resources possible. Iterative redundancy is also good in handling Byzantine
threat model, which is the common threat model in most of the distributed networks. Later in this
paper we formally prove iterative redundancy's self–adaption, efficiency and optimality properties.
Then we use discrete event simulation; BIONIC and XDEVS to evaluate iterative redundancy
against the existing redundancy based models. At the end we will be contributing on top of this
paper, in order to eliminate some of the limitations in iterative redundancy and to make this
technique much better. We will be seeing that the two assumptions made in this paper will be
contradicting in the real world example. To tackle these limitations, we will be presenting Master–
Slave model and also Hand–shake mechanism to finally, we will be proposing a redundancy based
technique known as Physical Redundancy, in which we are using active replication of the nodes and
adding the voters in order to improve the reliability of the network at the node level. With this the
error will be ruled out and the network will act like there was no failure. Keywords: Redundancy,
reliability, fault–tolerance, iterative redundancy,
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24. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows next...
The remainder of this paper is structured as follows next section describes the problem formulation,
Section–III reviews the related work done. Section IV presents the proposed fuzzy genetic
algorithm. In Section V the experiments and results of the previous and this study were analyzed and
compared, Section VI presents the conclusions drawn from the proposed modified FGA.
II.PROBLEM FORMULATION Web service selection problem: Consider a travel plan domain in
Fig.1.A person needs to spend his vacation and looks for a travel Agency that offers best services at
low cost. The services which the Agent offers are: Airline ticket Reservation Renting a car or bus
from Airport to hotel Hotel Booking Engaging a guide ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has drawn the researcher's attention to concentrate in the web service selection problem. Some
of the related work in this area includes Dynamic QoS management, Web service selection using
different algorithms. Imprecise QoS constraints allow users to flexibly specify the QoS demands.
Fuzzy logic is proposed for the web service discovery and selection problem. Methods for
specifying fuzzy QoS constraints and for ranking web service based on their fuzzy representation
were discussed [4]. A novel tool–supported framework for the development of adaptive service–
based systems is proposed to achieve the QoS requirements through dynamically adapting to
changes in workload, state and environment [5] The evolution of fuzzy classifier for data mining is
the current research topic. An application of genetic programming to the evolution of fuzzy
classifiers based on Boolean queries is proposed to detect faulty products and to discover intrusions
in computer network [6]. NP–hard problems are termed as finding the set of services for a given
composition that optimize the Qos values based on the constraints provided. A heuristic approach
based on
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26. Server Clustering Technology And Cloud Computing Essay
Introduction The current report focuses on Server Clustering Technology and Cloud Computing.
Server clustering and cloud computing are the latest technology used in the world widely. A cluster a
parallel or distributed system that consists of a collection of interconnected computer systems or
servers that is used as a single unified computing unit. Members of a cluster are referred to as nodes
or systems. The invention of Cloud computing has helped in ever–faster and ever–cheaper
computa¬tion. Analysis  Cluster A Cluster is defined as a group of independent server (nodes) in a
computer system, which are accessed and presented as a single system and in turn enables high
availability and, in few cases, cluster also plays important role in load balancing and parallel
processing. Since it is hard to predict the number of requests that will be allocated to a networked
server, clustering also plays vital role for load balancing to distribute processing and
communications activity consistently across a network system so that no particular server is
overloaded. Server clusters can be used to make sure that users have constant access to important
server–based resources. Types:– Server clusters are of three types, depending on how the nodes are
connected to the devices that store the cluster configuration and state data. It should be stored in a
way that allows each active node to obtain the data even if single or more nodes are down. The data
that is stored on a resource, it is
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28. Elements Of Field Programmable Gate Arrays
CHAPTER 1 1 INTRODUCTION For the past decades, scientific computation has been a popular
research tool among scientists and engineers from numerous areas, including climate modelling,
computational chemistry, and bioinformatics .With the maturing of application algorithms,
developing high performance computing platforms that satisfy the increasing computational
demands, search spaces, and data volume have become a huge challenge. As predicted by Moore's
law .faster and faster computers are built to provide more processing power every year. Apparently,
speeding–up the computation serially alone is no longer enough. In 1967 Amdahl presented a model
to estimate the theoretical maximum improvement when multiple processing units were ... Show
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Various representation systems were introduced to represent signed integer numbers, including
signed magnitude, biased, and complement systems .Both the signed and unsigned integer
representations can be extended to encode fractional data by employing an implicit or explicit radix
point that denotes the scaling factor. These integer–based real number representations are generally
called fixed–point systems, where the term fixed–point implies that the scaling factor is constant
during the computation without externally reconfigured. As a result, the precision (least represent
able value of the unit in the last place, for a fixed–point number system cannot be improved without
sacrificing its represent able value range. Floating–point representation on the other hand provides
not only the ability for wide dynamic range support, but also high precision for small values. A
typical floating–point number is represented in four components, and its value can be calculated
with the equation. x = ± s × be, where s is the significant and e is the biased exponent (with implicit
bias). The standard precision of
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30. The Key Computing Trends Driving The Need For Improvement...
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Today we are living in the era of internet where everything
depends on it. As the days and years passes, traffic on internet is increasing abundantly, users wants
high speed internet which can give the result of their aspired question within a fraction of seconds.
To accomplish the requirement of the user, the need for improvement of existing network
architecture. Here comes the role of SDN which is an emerging network architecture, our project is
based on it which is discussed in later chapters. In the introduction part we are going to check about
SDN and its related components. Software Defined Networking ( SDN ) Software Defined
Networking (SDN) is an emerging network architecture where network control is decoupled from
forwarding and is directly programmable. [1] The key computing trends driving the need for a new
network paradigm include the following: Changing traffic patterns: Applications that commonly
access geographically distributed databases and servers through public and private clouds require
extremely flexible traffic management and access to bandwidth on demand. The consumerization
of IT: The Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) trend requires networks that are both flexible and
secure. The rise of cloud services: Users expect on–demand access to applications, infrastructure,
and other IT resources. Big data means more bandwidth: Handling today's mega datasets requires
massive parallel processing that is fueling a constant demand
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32. Cloud Computing And Its Effect On The Security Of Service...
abstract
Cloud computing is be increasingly common in distributed computing medium. Data storage and
processing utilizing cloud medium is be a way worldwide. Software as a Service (SaaS) , one of
main models of cloud that might be presented in a public, private or hybrid network. whether we
look at the effect SaaS has on many business applications in addition to in our day to day life, we
could simply say that this deactivated technology is thither to stay. we could simply say that this
deactivated technology is thither to stay. Cloud computing could be visible as Internet–based
computing, in which software, the resources shared, and input are created obtainable to hardware 's
on request . however utilizing a cloud computing model could ... Show more content on
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and impossible find Cloud computing similar in tow cloud provider , as somewhat cloud providers
present storage through network with tiny per month rentals for end users, while some of whom
providers offering applications for software companies which helps in decrease costs in deployment
or nomination( install) of applications.in this project we will be rating SaaS service delivery model,
and presenting several advises for evolving the SaaS work and solution for business. and talking
about ( how the SaaS increased security issues and challenges) ?!
2– related work and trends
According to a Gartner Group estimate, SaaS sales in 2015 reached $150 billion in yearly incomes
rising to more than $201 billion in 2019, according to the final prediction from Gartner[1].
In an IEEE paper ―A Privacy maintain store for ensuring Data without change across the Cloud
authors offered a privacy saving depository, for approval of complete requirements from clients to
share data in the cloud and preserve their privacy, combine and merge the suitable data from data
sharing services, and pay back the complete outcomes to users[2].
A mutual way to supply the data subject with information and control over data privacy is the saving
of privacy policies fixed to the data shared[3]. accordingly to result of wide range fragmentation in
the SaaS provider space, there is an new way take the direction to the growth of Software as a
Service (SaaS) Integration Platforms (SIP). These SIPs
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34. Advantages Of Togaf
Use TOGAF For Improving Business Efficiency
Introduction
Introduced in the year 1995, TOGAF is a global standard for the enterprise architecture framework.
It is an open group standard which is used by the leading organizations in the world. It is the most
reliable standard that can provide consistent techniques for uninterrupted business solutions.
Basic Concept
The enterprise architecture professionals can enjoy improved business efficiency and higher industry
credibility with the help of TOGAF standards. The experts can utilize large amount of resources
with higher return on investment if they are conversant with the TOGAF.
How TOGAF Can Help in Improving The Business?
The TOGAF helps in developing the enterprise architecture for supporting ... Show more content on
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The building blocks of the architecture can be created with the help of TOGAF. The TOGAF
Standards Information Base ( SIB) is the open industry of the database standards which can be used
for defining the particular services and other elements of the organization–specific architecture.
Architecture Development Method (ADM): From the foundation architecture, the TOGAF can be
improved with the Architecture Development Method ( ADM ). The ADM process can provide :
The practical and reliable way of creating and developing the architecture
The business scenario method for understanding and defining the business requirements by properly
addressing the architectural methods.
It can provide guidance for developing the views of the architectural methods and for ensuring the
set of requirements if properly
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36. Essay On Conditional Branch Predictor
Abstract. Conditional branch predictor (CBP) is an essential component in the design of any modern
deeply pipelined superscalar microprocessor architecture. In the recent past, many researchers have
proposed varieties schemes for the design of the CBPs that claim to offer desired levels of accuracy
and speed needed to meet the demand for the architectural design of multicore processors. Amongst
various schemes in practice to realize the CBPs, the ones based on neural computing – i.e., artificial
neural network (ANN) have been found to outperform other CBPs in terms of accuracy.
Functional link artificial neural network (FLANN) is a single layer ANN with low computational
complexity which has been used in versatile fields of application, ... Show more content on
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The major dificulty encountered due to extensive use of parallelism is the existence of branch
instructions in the set of instructions presented to the processor for execution: both conditional and
unconditional branch instructions in the pipeline. If the instructions under execution in the pipeline
does not bring any change in the control flow of the program, then there is no problem at all.
However, when the branch instruction puts the program under execution to undergo a change in the
flow of control, the situation becomes a topic of concern as the branch instruction breaks the
sequential flow of control, leading to a situation what is called pipeline stall and levying heavy
penalties on processing in the form of execution delays, breaks in the program flow and overall
performance drop. Changes in the control flow affects the processor performance because many
processor cycles must be wasted in ushing the pipeline already loaded with instructions from wrong
locations and again reading–in the new set of instructions from right address. It is well known that in
a highly parallel computer system, branch instructions can break the smooth flow of instruction
fetching, decoding and execution. The consequence of this is in delay, because the instruction
issuing must often wait until the actual branch outcome is known. To make things worse, the deeper
the pipelining, more is the delay, and thus greater is the performance
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38. The Economic Case For Cloud Computing
CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY By Yoshita Jumili
Lawrence Technology University INT7223 Enterprise System Security Summer 2015 Dr. Terrance
E. Dillard Instructor Introduction The economic case for cloud computing is compelling and at the
same time there are striking challenges in its security. The concepts of cloud computing security
issues are fundamentally new and intractable. What appears new is only relative to traditional
computing that has been practiced since several years. Many such security problems have been
giving attention since the time–sharing era. Cloud computing providers have and can build
datacenters as large due to their expertise in organizing and provisioning computational resources at
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A significant paradigm shift is represented by public cloud computing from conventional norms of
an organizational data center to a de–parameterized infrastructure which opens gates for potential
adversaries to use. Cloud computing should be approached carefully with any emerging information
technology area with due consideration to the sensitivity of data. A good planning helps and ensures
that the computing environment is secure to the most possible extant and is in compliance with all
relevant policies of an organization and makes sure the privacy is maintained. To understand the
public cloud computing environment that is being offered by the cloud providers. The
responsibilities of an organization and the cloud providers vary depending on the service model.
Any organization should understand and organize the process of consuming the cloud services and
also keep an eye on the delineation responsibilities over the computing environment and implicate
security and privacy. Assurances or certification and compliance review entity paid by the cloud
providers to support security or privacy should be well verified time to time by organization through
independent
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40. Cloud Computing Architecture : Technology Architecture
Cloud computing architecture is the design of cloud computing. It consists of components needed
for cloud computing to function properly. Front end contain applications/platforms that users can
use to access back end components. Back end contains the cloud part of the architecture such as
the cloud storage and networking. The reason why it's significant in the technological world is
because it allows users to store data into an online platform. In doing so, this eliminates the need to
continously backup and re–download data from one computer to another computer. As technology
continue to rapidly evolve, the need for cloud computing becomes evident. It allows users to stay
connected with their data from any computer that they use. In the ... Show more content on
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The back end platforms and infrastructures are the most important components in the cloud
computing architecture due to the fact that it stores the data obtained by the front end applications
into the storage servers. An example of a back end platform is the database. A database consists of
data that is organized in a certain way depending on how it is organized. SQL is a programming
language for storing data inside a table. The type of database also determines how that data will be
accessed. To access the database in SQL, the developer has to create a code to display only the data
that belongs to the user and the data that the user is calling for.
The back end infrastructure contains both hardware and software that is necessary for cloud
computing to function properly and effectively. One component of infrastructure is the storage
servers. The storage servers are owned by the cloud service providers and those servers process their
customer's data.
Figure 2: A picture of multiple servers[6] As shown in figure 2, since big companies like google
have a lot of users who uses Google Drives, they need tons of servers to keep up with demand.
Cloud computing architecture can be very complex. Many companies are trying their best to
improve their architecture by adding different kinds of hardware and software in order to improve
their cloud performance and security. The next section will have more information about the
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42. Cloud Computing Research Paper
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is an emerging model where users can gain access to their applications from
anywhere through their connected devices. A simplified user interface makes the infrastructure
supporting the applications transparent to users. The applications reside in massively–scalable data
centers where compute resources can be dynamically provisioned and shared to achieve significant
economies of scale. A strong service management platform results in near–zero incremental
management costs when more IT resources are added to the cloud. The proliferation of smart mobile
devices, high speed wireless connectivity, and rich browser–based Web 2.0 interfaces has made the
network–based cloud computing model not only practical but ... Show more content on
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This type of computing even makes use of other resources such as SANs, network equipment, and
security devices. It can also support applications that are accessible through the Internet. These
applications make use of large data centers and powerful servers that host Web applications and Web
services.
2. Architecture
A cloud computing system, can be divided into two sections: the front end and the back end. They
connect to each other through a network, usually the Internet. The front end is the side the computer
user, or client, sees. The back end is the cloud section of the system. The front end includes the
client's computer (or computer network) and the application required to access the cloud computing
system.
Fig 1 A typical Cloud Computing System
Not all cloud computing systems have the same user interface. Most of the time, servers don't run at
full capacity. That means there's unused processing power going to waste. It's possible to fool a
physical server into thinking it's actually multiple servers, each running with its own independent
operating system. The technique is called server virtualization. By maximizing the output of
individual servers, server virtualization reduces the need for more physical machines.On the back
end of the system are the various computers, servers and data storage systems that create the cloud
of computing services. In theory, a cloud computing system could include practically any computer
program you can
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44. Methods Of Performance Evaluation And Verification On...
Methods of Performance Evaluation and Verification on Multi–Core Architecture for Motion
Estimation Algorithm Trupti Dhaygude1, Sopan D.Kadam2 and Shailesh.V.Kulkarni3 Department
of Electronics and Tele–Communication Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology Pune –
48 1dhaygudetrupti@gmail.com 2 sopan.kadam173@gmail.com 3svk12345@rediffmail.com
Abstract– Video compression utilizes high computational power. For real–time requirements of
multimedia applications faster computations need to be performed. To fulfill such requirements of
video compression a parallel computational algorithm can be implemented. In this thesis, the
parallelism of multi–core architecture was exploited using block matching algorithm. The test–
implementation of the algorithm was done on MATLAB. The parallel model was designed using
OpenMP and its implementation was tested on multi–core architectures. The parallel
implementation divides a current frame into independent macro blocks and each block is allotted to
OpenMP section which then assigns it to a thread for performing the computations. The result of the
implementation shows speedier computations with effective utilization of multi–cores. This work
suggests a promising approach which can further be developed and exploited. Keywords– motion
estimation, block matching algorithm, multi–core architecture, OpenMP, multithreading. I.
INTRODUCTION In the present motion estimation scenario, faster and more efficient algorithm
needed to be
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46. Investigation Into An Efficient Hybrid Model Of A With...
Investigation into deriving an Efficient Hybrid model of a – MapReduce + Parallel–Platform Data
Warehouse Architecture
Shrujan Kotturi skotturi@uncc.edu College of Computing and Informatics
Department of Computer Science
Under the Supervision of
Dr. Yu Wang yu.wang@uncc.edu Professor, Computer Science
Investigation into deriving an Efficient Hybrid model of a – MapReduce + Parallel–Platform Data
Warehouse Architecture
Shrujan Kotturi
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
North Carolina, USA
E–mail: skotturi@uncc.edu
Abstract–Parallel databases are the high performance databases in RDBMS world that can used for
setting up data intensive enterprise data warehouse but they lack scalability whereas, MapReduce
paradigm highly supports scalability, nevertheless cannot perform as good as parallel databases.
Deriving an architectural hybrid model of best of both worlds that can support high performance and
scalability at the same time.
Keywords–Data Warehouse; Parallel databases; MapReduce; Scalability
I. INTRODUCTION
Parallel–platform data warehouse is the one that built using parallel processing database like
Teradata, IBM Netezza etc. that support Massive Parallel Processing (MPP) architecture for data
read/write operations, unlike non–parallel processing databases like Oracle, MySQL and SQL server
that does sequential row–wise read/write operations without parallelism from DBMS. MapReduce
paradigm is popularized by Google, Inc.
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48. How Should I Prepare Your Enterprise For The Increased...
How should I prepare my enterprise for the increased adoption of cloud services After tried and
tested the Cloud computing infrastructure for provisioning test and development workloads, the
obvious question comes to your mind will be, what next, how would I further increase the adoption
of cloud services in my enterprise. Cloud services can make huge competitive advantages to the
enterprise companies, if the applications are correctly architected to satisfy the business
requirements. Some enterprises don't fully understand while embracing new technologies, as they
rush into development mode and forgo the necessary architecture and design changes needed in their
IT landscape. Sometimes they also have unrealistic expectations like ... Show more content on
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Often management, or even the architects are so starstruck by the success of companies like Netflix
and Uber that they expect similar results, an outcome they most likely can't achieve even if they do a
good job in architecting. Therefore setting an expectation for the outcomes for a cloud computing
initiative should be based on the business case in support of the initiative, not what other companies
have achieved. 2. Consider the cloud architecture to monitor the usage of cloud services and track
costs: One of the biggest misguided perceptions of cloud computing is that cloud initiatives will
greatly reduce the cost of doing business. That may be true for some initiatives but not all of them;
after all, cost is not the only reason to leverage the cloud. Even if a company has a good business
case for reducing costs in the cloud, it takes more than cloud computing to achieve the cost
reduction. Companies need to design with cost in mind. The cloud can be cost–effective if the
architecture effectively optimizes its usage of cloud services. In order to optimize costs, the
architecture must monitor the usage of cloud services and track costs. Cloud services are a metered
service where the cost is calculated on a pay– as–you–go model much like utilities such as
electricity and water are in our homes. In legacy on–premises datacentres, purchased
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50. Cloud Computing System For Computing
Cloud Computing Introduction Cloud computing system, which functions based on the concept of
providing computing as a utility, can be defined as the method of providing resources for computing
on demand, using remotely operational servers on the internet for data storage, processing data and
managing data. Its equivalent to using a computer for its services, only without having to carry the
hardware for it. Cloud applications, being dynamically scalable, agile and capable of running virtual
applications and even an OS on a browser help in reducing costs of resource acquisition. A cloud
computing model has the following basic features: Without involving any human interaction, the
users can access any contracted service/ resource, be it data processing, memory space or
application programs as a service from the provider. These contracted services/ resources can be
availed by any user anywhere, anytime via the internet. These computing resources are distributed
in various data centres across the globe which is shared by users from any part of the world. It
goes by pay what you use for policy. The user pays only for the resources they use. Also, a big
advantage is that from a user's perspective, all the resources are unlimited, and flexible for access.
Good QoS (Quality of Service) is guaranteed by the provider. The cloud services are elastic. So
the user can ask for more services/ resources whenever they require, also terminate, when not
required. Cloud computers
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52. The Effect Of Cloud Computing On Software Development Process
NAME OF THE UNIVERSITY
Effect of Cloud Computing on
Software Development Process
Name of the Student
3/7/2013
Abstract
This research paper is about discussing the effects of cloud–computing on the software development
process. Cloud computing is very popular these days. The concept of cloud computing is quite
different from other existing computing techniques. Cloud computing is a modern concept evolving
as a multidisciplinary field based on web–services and service oriented architecture; this is
supported by Alter (2008). So it is affecting the software development process to a great extent
which has its own pros and cons. These will be discussed in this research paper. There is a lot of
research work going on this topic and few ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This concept is not entirely new as most of us are using this from past many years in one form or
another using emails and WWW. But now days the concept has revised too much. Users can access
the resources directly through the internet; there is absolutely no need of having the direct physical
access to the resources within the organization's premises. The concept is based on service
provisioning where the services can be easily provisioned and de–provisioned as per the user's
request and demand. This is very beneficial for the users as they do not have to pay for the entire
service, they will pay as per its use, which reduces the total cost. This concept ahs in turn invented
some new concepts like mesh computing, pay–per–use service, cloud platforms, etc.
This is very important to investigate this area as it reduces a lot of development cost and the
development time too. It makes the access to the services as very easy and comfortable job. A lot of
research is going on this topic to further improve its efficiency and effectiveness.
Discussion
The concept of cloud computing is very popular these days. So let us try to understand its
architecture and the concept on which cloud computing is based on:
Conceptualization of Cloud Computing
The conceptualization of cloud computing can be explained from the below drawn figure. There are
mainly two types of
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54. Essay On Conditional Branch Predictor
Conditional branch predictor (CBP) is an essential component in the design of any modern deeply
pipelined superscalar microprocessor architecture. In the recent past, many researchers have
proposed varieties schemes for the design of the CBPs that claim to offer desired levels of accuracy
and speed needed to meet the demand for the architectural design of multicore processors. Amongst
various schemes in practice to realize the CBPs, the ones based on neural computing – i.e., artificial
neural network (ANN) have been found to outperform other CBPs in terms of accuracy.
Functional link artificial neural network (FLANN) is a single layer ANN with low computational
complexity which has been used in versatile fields of application, such as ... Show more content on
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The major dificulty encountered due to extensive use of parallelism is the existence of branch
instructions in the set of instructions presented to the processor for execution: both conditional and
unconditional branch instructions in the pipeline. If the instructions under execution in the pipeline
does not bring any change in the control flow of the program, then there is no problem at all.
However, when the branch instruction puts the program under execution to undergo a change in the
flow of control, the situation becomes a topic of concern as the branch instruction breaks the
sequential flow of control, leading to a situation what is called pipeline stall and levying heavy
penalties on processing in the form of execution delays, breaks in the program flow and overall
performance drop. Changes in the control flow affects the processor performance because many
processor cycles must be wasted in ushing the pipeline already loaded with instructions from wrong
locations and again reading–in the new set of instructions from right address. It is well known that in
a highly parallel computer system, branch instructions can break the smooth flow of instruction
fetching, decoding and execution. This results in delay, because the instruction issuing must often
wait until the actual branch outcome is known. To make things worse, the deeper the pipelining,
more is the delay, and thus greater is the performance loss.
Branch predictors
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56. Architecture Of Internet Application For Cloud Computing
Figure: 1.1: Architecture of Internet application in cloud computing [4]
As each server machine can host multiple application so it is important that application should be
stateless for the reason that every application store their position information in backend storage
servers, so that is repeated safely but it may cause storage servers becomes overloaded but the focus
of proposed work is on application tire presenting a architecture is representative of a huge place of
internet services hosted in the cloud computing environment even through providing infinite
capacity on demand.
Moreover, on–demand provisioning provides a cost–efficient way for already running businesses to
cope with unpredictable spikes in the workload. Nevertheless, an efficient scalability for an Internet
application in the cloud requires a broad knowledge of several areas, such as scalable architectures,
scalability components in the cloud, and the parameters of scalability components. With the increase
in numbers and size of on–line communities are increasing effort to exploit cross–functionalities
across these communities. However, application service providers have encountered problems due
to the irregular demand for their applications, especially when external events can lead to
unprecedented traffic levels to and from their application [5]. Dynamic nature of demand and traffic
forces require for an extremely scalable explanation to enable the availability
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58. Jd Ham. Professor Katherine Johnston. Cse/Ise 300. Literature
JD Ham Professor Katherine Johnston CSE/ISE 300 Literature Review April 18, 2017 Cloud
Computing The focus of cloud computing is providing with scalable and a cheap on–demand
computing infrastructure with a good quality of service levels. The process of the cloud computing
involves a set of network enabled services that can be accessed in a simple and general way. Cloud
computing provides with a unique value proposition for any organization to outsource their
information and communication technology infrastructure. Moreover, the concept itself provides
with a value proposition for an organization as using the cloud saves on cost, resources, and staff,
and business opportunities for the organization (Katzan). An extensive connectivity of ... Show more
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However, research focusing on the adoption of cloud computing technology and its impact on
business operation is limited. This trend may be explained by cloud computing being a relatively
new field. Available research on the structures, processes, security measures surrounding the cloud
services are still at an early stage. The impact of cloud computing on enterprises in the world today
Cloud computing has changed the Information Technology by introducing a new concept and
platform of enterprise system. The traditional enterprise system is characterized as clunky,
expensive, and complex for most organization to implement and use. Nevertheless, cloud computing
enterprise system offers with a competitive advantage. The advantage offered lies in the cloud ES
offering flexibility, scalability, and independence in IT infrastructure and capabilities. Cloud
computing holds great potential for the business world and has many advantages and challenges.
Cloud enterprise system offers with an attractive option to businesses in solving problems associated
with high investment in Information Technology infrastructure and Information Technology
resources (Fortiş, Munteanu and Negru). Today cloud computing is considered as the fifth utility
after water, electricity, gas, and telephone. The aim is making cloud services readily available on
demand like all other utility
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60. Essay on Workplace Telecommunications
Workplace Telecommunications
The telecommunication system at XYZ Corporation meets the needs of its medium sized business.
Their phone system consists of 1,000 2400 series digital phones. These phones help to improve the
efficiency and productivity of our organization and simplify the flow of information because of the
enhanced features such as the ability to expand your 24 button telephone with additional 50 button
expansion modules. With this phone system there's no need to change station wiring or cross
connects, your staff can move telephone sets around without the help of a technician. This feature
saves time and money for every day moves. Each phone has a full duplex speaker phone a 2x24
display ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Provide individual phone numbers for all your
employees without having to purchase the physical lines. DID calls can reach the intended person
quickly with no additional manual routing or need for an operator.
Because we are in multiple locations and the need to track employee hours we have implemented an
IVR (Interactive Voice Response) system for time and attendance. Interactive Voice Response is a
technology that automates interaction with telephone callers. Our organization has digital T1 lines.
These lines are connected on one side to the IVR platform and, on the other, to call switching
equipment. Our have IVR Applications (programs that control and respond to calls on the IVR
platform) prompt callers and gather input. These applications call on existing databases and
application servers to retrieve records and information required during the length of a call. The IVR
scripts are designed using Visual IVR Script designer. Visual IVR allows fast and easy design of the
IVR system. Visual IVR Script Designer is easy to learn, and allows a GUI for the entire IVR
development process. Event Handlers link the modules to one another depending on the tone keys
the caller pressed.
Our organization utilizes Citrix servers to enable on demand, secure, efficient and cost effective
access for users. The Citrix platform consists of an end to end architecture for on demand access.
This is a flexible and modular architecture that is compatible with other
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62. Cloud Services For Synergetic Web Based Project Management...
Cloud Services for Synergetic Web Based Project
Management System
Introduction:
The paper deals with the current use of Project management in the software applications. Project
management is the science (and art) of organizing the components of a project, whether the
development of a new product or the launch of a new service. It is not something that's a part of
normal business operations. A project consumes resources and it has funding limits. Lehner (2010)
stated that project knowledge management process is playing a key role in the organizations and
reinforcing them to manage the entire activities of the organizations. In this paper we are presenting
project management system (P.M.S.) based on cloud computing. Lack of deference and ... Show
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Cloud based project management system will provide solution to all these issues. Cloud based
project management system provide platform to user which can help all stakeholder from various
level of project can actively participate in project development. Each associate will have its access
according to their privilege. The cloud based PMS Solution will give you–and your team greater
real–time insight into project requirements. And the unavoidable changes of the scope that crosses
the boundaries of the distributed teams. Cloud based PMS will help you to observe all software
development lifecycle activities like
Requirement analysis
Prototyping
Design
Development
Testing
There will be transparency between client and organization. Client can access information like how
much work has been processing on project. Whether application features are according to client's
requirements. They can put their requirement any time without requiring any actually time–
consuming meeting with company officials. Project manager should get day–by–day review about
project progress and problem. People from different levels of software development team and client
can contribute in software development procedure by giving suggestions (Thayer, 2005).
Cloud based P.M.S. is another important feature is that it implements agile software development
model. One of the most important factors is
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64. The Basic Concepts Of Ilp
Introduction Instruction–level parallelism(or we call it ILP) is a form of parallel operation or
calculation which allows program to perform multiple instructions at one time. Thus it is also a
measurement to describe the amount of instruction per unit time.We will explore the LIP from an
overall view to the several specific methods to exploit it. ILP is a measure of how many of the
instructions in a computer program can be executed simultaneously. When exploiting instruction–
level parallelism, goal is to maximize CPI. As for how much ILP exists in programs is very
application specific. In certain fields, like graphics and scientific computing the amount can be very
large while workloads such as cryptography may exhibit much less parallelism. Micro–architectural
techniques that are used to exploit ILP include instruction pipelining, superscalar execution, register
renaming, and so on. This paper will first access the basic concepts of ILP by exploring the ways of
handling data,including the controlling data dependence and data hazards. Then we will talk about
ways of how to expose ILP using pipelining and loop scheduling in compiler(the ways to speed up
instruction operation). Additionally, we will discuss the details of dealing with data hazards by
dynamic scheduling (allow execution before control dependence is solved) by using the examples of
Tomasulo's algorithm and explain the different types of branch prediction(choose which instruction
to be executed). Next we will
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66. Introduction Of Cloud Computing
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING 1.1 Introduction Business
applications have dependably been excessively extravagant. They oblige a datacenter which offers
which offers space, power, cooling, bandwidth, networks, entangled programming stack and servers
and storage and a team of experts to install, configure and run them. We need development, staging,
testing, production and failure environments and when another adaptation comes up, we need to
upgrade and then the entire framework is down. Figure 1 Cloud Computing Cloud computing is the
convergence of Virtualization and Utility computing. In early days of computing, both data and
software were fully contained on the same user machine. Cloud computing eliminates the need for
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People commonly believe cloud to be just virtualization. So let us look it further to understand why
it is different than just visualization alone. The main attributes that characterize cloud computing are
as follows: Figure 2 Attributes that Characterize Cloud The Rapid Elasticity is the most important
feature in cloud. In this, the resources are made available and released as and when required
automatically based on set triggers or parameters. This makes sure that the application has the
required capacity available at any point of time. Elastic computing is an important trait critical to
cost reductions. Resources often appear to be unlimited to the consumer and that they can be
purchased in any quantity at any time. The On–demand Self–Service features services like email,
applications, networks and servers that can be provisioned or de–provisioned as needed in an
automated manner without the need for human intercession. We can access the services through an
online gateway or specifically with the provider. We can likewise include or uproot clients and
change storage networks and software as needed. This is otherwise called pay–as–you–go model.
Terms may vary from provider to provider. In Resource Pooling, the resources are pooled together
to serve multiple consumers using multi–tenancy approach. It is based on the theory of scalability in
the cloud. It allows several customers to share the infrastructure without
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68. The System Development Life Cycle
Abstract Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are recognized for their distinguished features
and integrative information systems in organizations, such as data circulation in financial accounting
systems and human resource information systems. However, they are also known to be complex
systems with multiple operating systems and applications that require several strategies to follow;
for organizations to achieve their corporate growth objectives. Hence, a good approach to solving
the problem of complexity is in adopting a high–level architecture model which can be used to
describe the components of the system and their relationship. In this paper, an effective approach to
systems development is discussed alongside several ERP architecture methods. Several ERP
implementation strategies are highlighted and requirements are shared. Key Words ERP systems,
ERP architecture, implementation strategies, system development life cycle Background According
to Motiwalla Thompson (2012), the system development life cycle (SDLC) provides useful
guidelines to the ERP implementation process (p. 90). It is a process of developing new
information systems, which includes the process of planning, designing and creating information
systems for organizations to support their business process; but can however become complex when
the system is scheduled to support thousands of business processes for several users spread wide
across the organization, both internally and
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70. Hewlett-Packards Merced Division
1) In summer 1998, what is the position of the Enterprise Server Group (ESG) in its industry? How
has it evolved? Why? HP, an international manufacturer of instrumentation, healthcare, computer
and communication products, started up with initial investment of only $538 in the year 1939.It
grew to more than $43B in sales and $3.1B in net profits in 1997.In 1997, HP formed Enterprise
Server Group to focus on enterprise computing. ESG's products were built based on proprietary
RISC microprocessors and UNIX operating systems. ESG produced scalable, high performance
computing systems, which were the backbone of corporate information networks, network servers
and mainframes. Customers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fixed cost of designing chips, building state–of–the –art semiconductor fabrication plants along
with the specter of diminishing unit volumes of RISC chips increased the prices of RISC chips
rapidly and thus became unattractive. This situation exacerbated RISC–UNIX computers
manufacturers to withstand the competition in the market. In addition to the cost of building,
software applications development had become more costly because of the RISC/UNIX volume
base and the need to port software to each UNIX version. Considering the above factors, HP joined
with Intel in development of IA–64 architecture. Merced is the code name for the IA–64 architecture
and was designed to perform an Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing or EPIC. It was designed
to bridge between RISC and CISC.HP believed that customers who watched Intel technologies
become pervasive in commercial desktops, file and print servers and technical workstations would
expect the same to happen in the server market. It also believed that IA–64 would be perceived as
the first Intel technology to support enterprise applications. 3) Who will benefit the most from the
introduction of the Merced chip in the markets served by ESG? Who will benefit the least? Why?
For HP, introduction of Merced chip made the remarkable strategic turning point in its enterprise
computing
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72. Architectures for Scalable Quantum Computation Essay
1. Introduction
A classical computer represents an implementation of a (sub–) Turing machine that is limited by the
laws of classical physics. As such, certain computational problems are either extremely difficult to
solve or are intractable (w.r.t. resources). In order to tackle these problems, a super–Turing
computational model has been devised and named as the quantum computer [1]. Quantum
computation is based on the laws of quantum mechanics and can outperform classical computation
in terms of complexity. The power comes from quantum parallelism that is achieved through
quantum superposition [2] and entanglement [3]. Computability is unchanged so intractable
problems are still unsolvable, but the exponential increase in speed means ... Show more content on
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This requires use of large amounts of auxiliary qubits (aka. ancillae). Further fault–tolerance is
achieved by applying the error correction codes recursively (in levels) [9], exponentially increasing
overhead and reducing fault probability. Due to these error correction schemes, a single logical qubit
is represented by multiple physical qubits. As an example, a single logical qubit at two levels of
recursion is represented by 49 [10] or 81 [11] physical qubits, depending on the error correction
code used. Intuitively, the number of physical qubits required for interesting integer factorisation
described in [4] would be in the thousands. This is a problem because most investments into
manufacturing technology went into silicon–based devices and technology such as ion–traps [12,13]
are not as well developed. Hence, initial proposals for quantum architectures such as the Quantum
Logic Array (QLA) [14] are space inefficient and somewhat impractical. This review attempts to
give an outline of the current state of quantum computing architectures based on the QLA and
provide critical comments.
2. Review
The quantum logic array (QLA) [14], designed by Metodi et al., is one the first complete
architectural designs of a trapped ion quantum computer based on the quantum charge coupled
device architecture in [13]. However, as it is the first attempt at
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74. Cloud Computing Essay
The integration of mobile devices with our daily life (e.g., smart phones, smart watches, tablets, etc.)
has eliminated the location and timing restrictions on access to variety of services such as social
network, web search, data storage, and entertainment. Limitations on resources (such as battery life
and storage) and the need to global scalability of services have motivated companies to rely on
cloud computing. Cloud computing has created a new paradigm for mobile applications where
computations and storage have migrated to centralized computing platforms in the cloud. Cloud
providers such as Google, Amazon, and Salesforce offer clients the access to cloud resources in
various locations and allow them to acquire computing resources ... Show more content on
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Driven by the fundamental problems encountered due to identification and location conflation
problem in IP networks and inefficiency of TCP for intermittent links, we propose a simple yet
effective solution to provide access to advanced services for vehicular nodes with varying link
conditions. To address aforementioned issues, we leverage cloud resources to design and develop a
framework for connected vehicles. This scalable, mobility–centric solution, through network
abstractions and clustering schemes with high resilience against failure, can provide seamless
connectivity, global reachability, and enhanced connection for vehicular nodes with high dynamicity
and possibly no direct association to an access point. This is followed up by the introduction of the
MobilityFirst architecture which supports seamless mobility of nodes in network layer. The named
service layer in MobilityFirst is supported by network abstractions in the form of globally available
cloud services. The distributed global name resolution service (GNRS) along with efficient
vehicular clustering provides the opportunity to enable scalable services and allow seamless
connectivity. The proposed scheme, called FastMF, assign to clusters of vehicles unique names that
are independent from location of the clusters and the interfaces. The vehicular clusters maintain tree
structures that improve performance over conventional clusters and reduce
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76. Cloud Computing
CLOUD COMPUTING SUBMITTED BY: S.MEENAKSHI(meenushalu14@gmail.com)
A.V.MONISHA(avmonisha2012@gmail.com) II–IT dept PSNA college of engineering and
technology ABSTRACT: IT departments and infrastructure providers are under increasing pressure
to provide computing infrastructure at the lowest possible cost. In order to do this, the concepts of
resource pooling, virtualization, dynamic provisioning, utility and commodity computing must be
leveraged to create a public or private cloud that meets these needs. Cloud computing is a general
term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. This provides the
smaller ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For some users, this is where the cloud layers stop piling up. Amazon, for instance, allows users to
rent virtual servers by the hour, to do with what they will – run as web servers, process data,
whatever the user wants. This kind of activity is called as utility computing. LEVELS OF CLOUD
COMPUTING: Cloud computing is typically divided into three levels of service offerings. Software
as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a service (IaaS). These levels
support virtualization and management of differing levels of the solution stack. SOFTWARE AS A
SERVICE: A SaaS provider typically hosts and manages a given application in their own data center
and makes it available to multiple tenants and users over the Web. Some SaaS providers run on
another cloud provider's PaaS or IaaS service offerings. Oracle CRM On Demand, Salesforce.com,
and Netsuite are some of the well known SaaS examples. PLATFORM AS A SERVICE: Platform as
a Service (PaaS) is an application development and deployment platform delivered as a service to
developers over the Web. It facilitates development and deployment of applications without the cost
and complexity of buying and managing the underlying infrastructure, providing all of the facilities
required to support the complete life cycle of building and delivering web applications and
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78. Cloud Computing And Its Impact On The Entire Ict Industry
Cloud computing has evolved with the passage of time and has revolutionized the entire ICT
industry. Cloud computing is categorized into two forms Service oriented computing and Grid
Computing. Service oriented Computing is an transpiring paradigm that has revamped the
consumption of software and related product all around the globe. The core functionalities that
service oriented computing provide is elements and that are independent of platforms and are
programmed using standard protocols to support distributed computing across various organizations.
[2] The second type of cloud computing is Grid computing which also follows the distributed
architecture in which there are cluster of computers which share resources with each other like ...
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[3] Cloud computing provides computing architecture, which is dynamic in nature and can evaluate
performance behavior as well as other infrastructure challenges. This paper focuses on workload
balancing workload balancing of cloud instances and also tells about the tools that evaluate
performances. It tells that their proposed mechanism schedules the starting and shutting down of the
VM instances automatically and allows the cloud instances to finish the assigned jobs within the
deadline and within the price range. [4] 2.2 Edge of cloud computing over normal software testing
Thus Software testing is one of the core components of any software or related product development
and testing requires costly infrastructure because testing evaluates the speed, performance,
utilization as well as security to some extent. This is where Cloud Computing is used and provides
services like decrease cost for number of users using specific environment. Cloud testing has
normally been used for load and performance testing but with increased enhancement in technology
and more demand many enterprises have included it as its integral part and the below image gives a
statistical
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