This document discusses verb forms in English. It explains that V1 refers to the base form of the verb, V2 is the past simple form, and V3 is the past participle form. It provides examples of regular and irregular verbs to illustrate the different forms. The document then discusses the uses of different helping verbs like be, have, and do plus various verb forms to indicate things like the progressive, perfect, simple and modal tenses. It provides examples and exercises to help understand when and how to use these helping verbs.

1. ENGLISH VERB

2. We talk a lot in these lessons
about V1, V2, and V3. What in the
world are V1, V2, and V3?

3. ?Does this look familiar
– eat ate eaten
– fall fell fallen
– fly flew flown
This is the table of irregular verbs that we know and
love!
V1 is the first column (eat)
V2 is the second column (“ate”, past simple form),
V3 is the third column (“eaten”, called—oh well, V3)

4. Lots of people forget that a verb that ends in “d” or
“ed” doesn’t have to be a verb in the simple past.
Maybe it’s a regular verb in V3 DISGUISED as a
simple past verb.
For example:
love loved loved
hate hated hated
worry worried worried

5. Verb Formulas 5
be + ing (progressive)--He was crying.
be + V3 (passive)--He was beaten.
Four men were killed.
have + V3 (perfect)--I have already eaten.
do + V1 (simple)-- Do you love me?
I don’t hate you.
modal + V1 (modal)--I can wait.

6. BE HAVE DO MODALS
is, am, are, has, have do, does, shall, will, should,
was, were had did would, may, might,
must, can, could
1) be + ing have + V3 do + V1 modal + V1
(progressive) (perfect) (simple)
The bus is coming. She has finished. Do you love me? You should try.
We were waiting. We have eaten. I didn’t hear you. I may visit my aunt.
2) be + V3
(passive)
A lot of money is
spent.
People were hurt.

7. be
is, am, are was, were
)be + Ving (progressive. 1
.The bus is coming
.We were waiting

8. be
is, am, are was, were
)be + V3 (passive. 2
.Our mother was invited
.Many promises were broken

9. have
has, have had
)have + V3 (perfect
.You have broken your promise
.Our friendship has survived

10. do
do, does did
)do + V1 (simple
.I don’t enjoy homework
?Do you like school

11. modals
, shall, will, should, would, may
might, must, can, could, ought
)modal + V1 (modal
.Miri can speak four languages
.We must finish
?Would you like some coffee

12. do
do, does did
do + V1 (simple)
I don’t enjoy homework.
Do you like school?

13. :A special note about DO
We say that do is the helping verb for
the “simple” tenses, but if they’re
“simple”, then so is making peace with
our neighbors!
Pay attention:

14. With PRESENT SIMPLE and
:PAST SIMPLE ONLY
In present simple and past simple, there are 3 kinds
of sentences:
– POSITIVE (+) Harry understands Arabic.
– NEGATIVE (-) Jill doesn’t understand
Amharic.
– QUESTION (?) Does Jill understand French?

15. In ( + ), the verb really has 2 jobs:
1) MEANING (UNDERSTANDS)
2) GRAMMAR (UNDERSTANDS), which
includes:
•Time (understands, not understood;
•Number -- “understands” can’t be
(think of he/she/it, which are all)
•Person -- “understands” can’t be first
person (I understands???) or second
person (you understands????)

16. ....Let’s Practice
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
“Romi loves computers. Before his father bought
him a computer, he thought he would never be
able to learn. He didn’t ________ he was clever
enough. But now he’s a real professional!”
“If Romi didn’t _________ computers to begin with,
why did his father ________ him a computer?”
“He __________ to encourage him. He knew that
computers can be a wonderful help with
schoolwork.”

17. ....Let’s Practice
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
“Romi loves computers. Before his father bought
him a computer, he thought he would never be
able to learn. He didn’t _think__ he was clever
enough. But now he’s a real professional!”
“If Romi didn’t __like___ computers to begin with,
why did his father ___buy__ him a computer?”
“He _wanted___ to encourage him. He knew that
computers can be a wonderful help with
schoolwork.”

18. ....Let’s Practice
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
):word(s
Hello, Mom? I have a problem. I left my keys at“
.”home this morning
?”Where did you ____________ them“
I ___________ them on the table. __________ you“
?”see them
Yes, but you _________ have to worry. I won’t“
.”lock the door

19. ....Let’s Practice
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
):word(s
Hello, Mom? I have a problem. I left my keys at“
.”home this morning
?”Where did you ___leave____ them“
I ___left____ them on the table. _Did or Do_ you“
?”see them
Yes, but you __don’t__ have to worry. I won’t“
.”lock the door

20. BUT
Don’t think BE/HAVE/DO can only
be helping verbs
Often they are main verbs

21. :be/have/do as main verbs
You are being stupid!
Dan has had too many absences.
What did you do last night?

22. In the following passage, write “HV” in the
parentheses after a Helping Verb. If the word isn’t a
.helping verb, DON’T WRITE ANYTHING
My parents never listen to me. Sometimes they want
me to do ( ) something that I don’t ( ) want to
do ( ), or else they want me to not do ( ) what I
do ( ) want. I have ( ) always been ( ) jealous
of Moshe. His parents are ( ) so understanding!
He doesn’t ( ) have ( ) any problems with them.
They’re ( ) young, and patient, and they remember
what it was ( ) like to be ( ) young. Moshe
has ( ) never had ( ) any problems with his
parents. Not like me. Moshe has ( ) all the luck,
and I don’t ( ) have ( ) any. And I never do ( )
anything right!

23. My parents never listen to me. Sometimes they want
me to do ( ) something that I don’t ( HV ) want to
do ( ), or else they want me to not do ( ) what I
do ( HV ) want. I have ( HV ) always been ( )
jealous of Moshe. His parents are ( ) so
understanding! He doesn’t ( HV ) have ( ) any
problems with them. They’re ( ) young, and
patient, and they remember what it was ( ) like to
be ( ) young. Moshe has ( HV ) never had ( )
any problems with his parents. Not like me. Moshe
has ( ) all the luck, and I don’t ( HV ) have ( )
any. And I never do ( ) anything right!

24. modals
, shall, will, should, would, may
might, must, can, could, ought
)modal + V1 (modal
.Miri can speak four languages
.We must finish
?Would you like some coffee
©Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

25. A NOTE ABOUT SEMI-MODALS
You shouldn’t--indeed, you can’t--use “can” in the
past or in the future tense.
Use a form of “be able to” instead, or (in past tense),
use “could”.
Examples: I can’t speak Russian.
I was able to or could speak it when I was young.
I will be able to speak it again after my trip to
Moscow.

26. A NOTE ABOUT SEMI-MODALS
Another way to say “must” is “have to” (they both
mean the same thing). In fact, in negative
sentences (-), questions (?), and in the past or
future tenses, you can’t use “must”; you have to
use “have to”.
Example: I must hurry. I have to hurry.
You don’t have to hurry.
She had to hurry so that she wouldn’t
be late.

27. ....Let’s Practice
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
word(s):
“Shirli, must you play the radio so loud?”
“What __________ you say?”
“Do you _____ ____ play the radio so loud?”
“No, I don’t ______ _____. Do you _________ me
to turn it down?”
“Yes, I do, please, if you don’t _________ me to
lose my hearing.”

28. ....Let’s Practice
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
):word(s
“Shirli, must you play the radio so loud?”
“What ___did____ you say?”
“Do you __have to___ play the radio so loud?”
“No, I don’t __have to___. Do you __want___ me
to turn it down?”
“Yes, I do, please, if you don’t _want____ me to
lose my hearing.”

29. ....Let’s Practice
):Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s
“_________ you help me, please? I want a book about the
Internet, but I ___________ find one.”
“_________ you look among the computer books?”
“Yes, I __________, but I ______________ find anything.”
“Well, I’m ____________ somebody else right now, but I
_______ ____ ______ ___ help you in about ten minutes.
________ you come back in ten minutes?”
“OK. And in the meantime, I __________ try again. Maybe
I _____ ___ _____ ___ find it by then.”

30. ....Let’s Practice
):Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s
Can___ you help me, please? I want a book about the“___
.” Internet, but I ___can’t___ find one
?”Did___ you look among the computer books“___
.”Yes, I ___did____, but I __couldn’t____ find anything“
Well, I’m __helping___ somebody else right now, but I“
___will be able to__ help you in about ten minutes.
?”___Can__ you come back in ten minutes
OK. And in the meantime, I ___will___ try again. Maybe I“
.”__will be able to__ find it by then

31. --Refresh Your Memory
Take another look
at the table of
.helping verbs
Pay attention to the
.colors

32. BE HAVE DO MODALS
is, am, are, has, have do, does, shall, will, should,
was, were had did would, may, might,
must, can, could
1) be + ing have + V3 do + V1 modal + V1
(progressive) (perfect) (simple)
The bus is coming. She has finished. Do you love me? You should try.
We were waiting. We have eaten. I didn’t hear you. I may visit my aunt.
2) be + V3
(passive)
A lot of money is
spent.
People were hurt.

33. ....Let’s Review
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
1. Moshe _________ drive (V1) more carefully. He
_____________ drive (V1) so carelessly.
2. _________ you want (V1) anything to eat?
Yes, thanks. I ___________ like (V1) a sandwich.
3. Bob ______ acting in movies and making lots of money.
4. __________ you seen (V3 - irregular verb) my hat?
No, I ________ remember (V1) seeing it.
5. Dan ______ wasted (V3 - regular verb) all of his money.
6. Some Americans _______ surprised (V3 - regular verb)
when Bush ____ elected (V3 - regular verb)
President.
7. These photographs ________ taken (V3 - irregular

34. ....Let’s Review
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
1. Moshe _should__ drive (V1) more carefully. He
___shouldn’t_ drive (V1) so carelessly.
2. ___Do____ you want (V1) anything to eat?
Yes, thanks. I __would____ like (V1) a sandwich.
3. Bob __is__ acting in movies and making lots of money.
4. ___Have___ you seen (V3 - irregular verb) my hat?
No, I __don’t_ remember (V1) seeing it.
5. Dan _has__ wasted (V3 - regular verb) all of his money.
6. Some Americans _were__ surprised (V3 - regular verb)
when Clinton _was_elected (V3 - regular verb)
President.
7. These photographs __were__ taken (V3 - irregular
verb) at Niagara Falls.

35. ....Let’s Review Some More
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
1. Don’t you ________ you _________ drunk enough beer?
2. People should __________ a dentist once a year.
3. I will ________ an umbrella, because it may __________.
4. Gabi has always ___________ to visit India.
5. Most of our friends had already _________ the party
when we arrived. Why did they _________ so soon?
6. Please forgive me for phoning you so early this morning.
__________ you sleeping?
7. I was ___________ TV, when suddenly I heard a shot.
8. Poor Miri! She’s __________ her arm! Call a doctor!

36. ....Let’s Review Some More
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
1. Don’t you _think__ you __have___ drunk enough beer?
2. People should ___see____ a dentist once a year.
3. I will __take__ an umbrella, because it may __rain____.
4. Gabi has always __wanted___ to visit India.
5. Most of our friends had already __left___ the party when
we arrived. Why did they __leave__ so soon?
6. Please forgive me for phoning you so early this morning.
__Were____ you sleeping?
7. I was __watching_ TV, when suddenly I heard a shot.
8. Poor Mona! She’s __broken__ her arm! Call a doctor!

37. ....Let’s Try a Test
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
1. I don’t _________ to think about it.
2. Anat _______ lost ten kilo. You ___________ see her!
3. Did you _____________ to take your keys?
4. I haven’t ________, and I _____ not planning to eat
anything before dinner.
5. ________ you considered going into politics?
6. He is ______________ a great expert.
7. A lot of wine was __________ at the party last night.
8. We ___________ talking on the telephone when the
lights went out.

38. ....Let’s Try a Test
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
1. I don’t _want____ to think about it.
2. Anat __has__ lost ten kilo. You _should____ see her!
3. Did you __remember___ to take your keys?
4. I haven’t __eaten_, and I _am__ not planning to eat
anything before dinner.
5. __Have__ you considered going into politics?
6. He is __considered__ a great expert.
7. A lot of wine was __drunk___ at the party last night.
8. We ___were____ talking on the telephone when the lights
went out.

39. :A Test....Part 2
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
word(s):
9. You could _________ until the last minute, or
you could ________ the work now and
_________ it over with.
10. _________ you name ten countries in Africa?
11. I __________ sleep very well last night.
12. I have _________ my promise, and I _________
keep my word.

40. :A Test....Part 2
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
word(s):
9. You could __wait___ until the last minute, or
you could ___do___ the work now and
___get___ it over with.
10. ___Can___ you name ten countries in Africa?
11. I __didn’t__ sleep very well last night.
12. I have __given__ my promise, and I __will___
keep my word.

41. This is the end of Lesson 3

43. by Rachel Bar Yosef

44. LESSON 4
?V

45. English verb phrases can be
! l o n g
I couldn’t have been expected to have
.known that
‫!יו‬
!An 8-word verb
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997©

46. Forming Yes/No Questions
Take the first element (‫ )מרכיב‬of the
verb and put it before the subject (‫:)נושא‬
I can believe it.
Can you believe it?
I’ve been there.
Have you been there?

47. !Forming questions...still
Follow the same rule even for a
monster verb!
He couldn’t have been expected to
understand.
Could he have been expected to
understand?
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997©

48. How do I translate "‫"האם‬
when I’m forming a yes-no question?
Rachel Bar Yosef,1997©

49. To translate
“‫ ”האם‬when
forming a yes-no
question, simply
begin the question
with the suitable
helping verb.
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997©

50. Are you serious? ?‫האם אתה‬
‫רציני‬
Are you listening? ‫האם אתה‬
‫?מקשיב‬
Do you collect stamps?
‫האם אתה אוסף‬
‫?בולים‬
Have you lost weight? ‫האם‬
‫?רזית‬
Will he succeed?‫? האם הוא יצליח‬
Can you convince me?
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997© ‫? האם תוכל לשכנע אותי‬

51. ....Let’s Practice
Complete the conversation:
BENNY: Arik! I haven’t seen you for a long time!
__________________________________________?
ARIK: Of course I haven’t been hiding! I’ve been very busy.
BENNY: _______________________________________?
ARIK: Yes, I’m studying a lot. I want to do well on my exams.
BENNY: ________________________________________?
ARIK: Yes, unfortunately, I still have that part-time job. It’s really too
much. That’s why I’m always so tired.
BENNY: ________________________________________?
ARIK: You’re right. I guess I wasn’t smart to take the job. But I need
the money!
BENNY: ________________________________________?
ARIK: Yes, I’ve been able to save a lot of money, although not as much
as I’d hoped to save!

52. ....Let’s Practice
:Complete the conversation
BENNY: Arik! I haven’t seen you for a long time!
_Have you been hiding?_____________________?
ARIK: Of course I haven’t been hiding! I’ve been very busy.
BENNY: __Are you studying a lot?___________________?
ARIK: Yes, I’m studying a lot. I want to do well on my exams.
BENNY: ___Do you still have that part-time job?________?
ARIK: Yes, unfortunately, I still have that part-time job. It’s really too
much. That’s why I’m always so tired.
BENNY: _Are you sure you were smart to take the job?___?
ARIK: You’re right. I guess I wasn’t smart to take the job. But I need
the money!
BENNY: __Have you been able to save any money?______?
ARIK: Yes, I’ve been able to save a lot of money, although not as much
as I’d hoped to save!

53. ‫‪Let’s Practice‬‬
‫‪:Ask these questions in English‬‬
‫האם אתם חייבים לעשות כל כך הרבה רעש ?‬
‫___________________________________________ ___‬
‫האם אראה אותך הערב ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫האם מותר לנו להשתמש במילון ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫השתגעת ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫האם אתה מקשיב ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬

54. Let’s Practice
:Ask these questions in English
? ‫האם אתם חייבים לעשות כל כך הרבה רעש‬
_________ ?Do you have to/Must you) make so much noise(_
? ‫האם אראה אותך הערב‬
______________________________ ?Will I see you tonight_
? ‫האם מותר לנו להשתמש במילון‬
___________ ?Are we allowed to/ May we) use a dictionary(_
? ‫השתגעת‬
_________________ ?Are you crazy? Have you gone crazy_
? ‫האם אתה מקשיב‬
_________________________________ ?Are you listening_

55. ‫‪Let’s Practice‬‬
‫‪:Ask these questions in English‬‬
‫האם אי פעם בקרת בפטרה ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫האם שמעת בימיך דבר כל כך מגוחך ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫האם הייתם בהפגנה ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫האם ראית את המפתחות שלי ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫האם היית מציע לי להזמין אותם ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬

56. Let’s Practice
:Ask these questions in English
? ‫האם אי פעם בקרת בפטרה‬
_________________________ ?Have you ever visited Petra_
? ‫האם שמעת בימיך דבר כל כך מגוחך‬
____________ ?Have you ever heard anything so ridiculous_
? ‫האם הייתם בהפגנה‬
______________________ ?Were you at the demonstration_
? ‫האם ראית את המפתחות שלי‬
____________________________ ?Have you seen my keys_
? ‫האם היית מציע לי להזמין אותם‬
_____ ?Would you (advise me to/suggest that I) invite them _

57. WH-words
:Learn these question words
who whom whose which
what where when why
?????

58. WH-words
And these, too:
how how much how many
how often [‫]באיזו תדירות‬
how long (ago) [(‫]לפני( כמה זמן‬
how + ‫כל תואר שהוא‬
(how rich, how strong, how sick)
?????

59. ?How easy is it
It’s really easy!
(The answer:) I want my money. (The next
question:) Why do you want your money?
(The answer:) I’ve given Adam some money.
(The next question:) How much money have
you given him?
(The answer:) I’m planning to leave
tomorrow. (The next question:) Why aren’t
you planning to leave today?

60. Who” and “What” as subjects“
Where who or what refers to the subject ,(‫)הנושא‬
the Hebrew translation is ‫?מי או מה‬
If who or what refers to the subject, DON’T use do-
does-did in the simple tenses; DON’T change the
word order:
Answer: Tal loves Rami Kleinstein’s music.
Question: Who loves Rami Kleinstein’s music?

61. (‫ ”(מכשולים‬Stumpers“
How old are you? ? ‫בן כמה אתה‬
What happened ? ‫?מה קרה‬
What did x do? ? X ‫מה עשה‬
When were you born? ‫? מתי נולדת‬
What do you do for a living? ?‫במה אתה עובד‬
How long will he be gone?
?‫לכמה זמן הוא לא יהיה‬

62. ?How good are you at this
Ask the right questions. See how much you’ve learned.
X: Hello, I’m phoning about your advertisement.
_____________________________________________?
MOTI: They’re not very old. Five years isn’t really so old.
Anyway, they’re in good shape.
X: _____________________________________________?
MOTI: I’m not “getting rid of” them. I’m offering them
because I’m moving to a new flat, where I’m not allowed
to keep them.
X: _____________________________________________?
MOTI: I don’t understand it either. They don’t bother
anyone.

63. ?How good are you at this
Ask the right questions. See how much you’ve learned.
X: Hello, I’m phoning about your advertisement.
_How old are they?______________________________?
MOTI: They’re not very old. Five years isn’t really so old.
Anyway, they’re in good shape.
X: _Why are you getting rid of them?_________________?
MOTI: I’m not “getting rid of” them. I’m offering them
because I’m moving to a new flat, where I’m not allowed
to keep them.
X: _Why aren’t you allowed to keep them?_____________?
MOTI: I don’t understand it either. They don’t bother
anyone.

64. ...Keep going
X: ____________________________________________?
MOTI: You can take them whenever it’s convenient. I’m
always home.
X: ____________________________________________?
MOTI: I live on the corner of Plony and Almony.
X: I know the building. ___________________________?
MOTI: My entrance is Number 2.
X: ____________________________________________?
MOTI: Oh, I don’t want any money for them. All I care
about is finding a good home for them!
X: A good home! ________________________________?
MOTI: Of course I’m not selling a set of skis! I’m giving
away my beloved cats!

65. ...Keep going
X: _When can I take them?________________________?
MOTI: You can take them whenever it’s convenient. I’m
always home.
X: _Where do you live?___________________________?
MOTI: I live on the corner of Plony and Almony.
X: I know the building. _Which entrance is yours?_____?
MOTI: My entrance is Number 2.
X: _How much money do you want for them?_________?
MOTI: Oh, I don’t want any money for them. All I care
about is finding a good home for them!
X: A good home! _Aren’t you selling a set of skis?_____?
MOTI: Of course I’m not selling a set of skis! I’m giving
away my beloved cats!

66. !CONGRATULATIONS
YOUR NAME
has been awarded
.the M.V
)Master of Verbs(