This document discusses different techniques for connecting steel structures, including riveted, bolted, and welded connections. Riveted connections were commonly used in the past but have become less popular. Bolted connections are now more common as they are easier to install and do not require skilled labor. Welded connections provide a strong bond but require more precision. The document explores the advantages and disadvantages of each connection type and describes processes like electric arc welding and oxy-acetylene welding.

1. TITLE
Connection of various member
of steel structure
Prepared by:-
Mridupawan khanikar
CIT/14/CT/006
Pankaj nath
CIT/14/CT/004

2. Contents
1. Introduction
2. Aim and objective
3. Theory
4. Different technique used
5. Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
Connections are the devices which are used to
joints elements of a structure together at a point
such that forces can be transferred between
them safely.
Steel structure is an assemblage of different
member such as “BEAMS,COLUMNS,’’ which are
connected to one other.

4. AIM AND OBJECTIVE
The design of a structure must satisfy three basic
requirements:
• 1) Stability to prevent overturning, sliding or
buckling of the structure, or parts of it, under
the action of loads,
• 2) Strength to resist safely the stresses induced
by the loads in the various structural members;
and
• 3) Serviceability to ensure satisfactory
performance under service load conditions –
which implies providing adequate stiffness and
reinforcements to contain deflections, crack-
widths and vibrations within acceptable limits.

5. THEORY
A structure can become compacted and functional
only when its various components are satisfactorily
connected.
There are several types of connection in steel
structure . There some connection are riveted , bolted .
Welded connection . But present day riveted
connection get less popular . Mainly bolted and riveted
connection are used .

6. DIFFERENT TECHNIQUE USED
TYPES OF CONNECTIONS :
Riveted connection
Bolted connection
Welded connection

7. RIVETED CONNECTION
A rivet consist of a
cylindrical portion known as
“shank” and a head which
may be either conical or
nearly hemispherical.

8. The process of riveting consists of heating the
rivet and it is placed in the hole while it is still
hot and then the shank end is upset by hammer
to form a section head .
FIG : RIVETED CONNECTION

9. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES:
1) Reliable, high
toughness and plasticity,
easy to maintenance and
safeguard. It’s specially for
the heavy duty steel
structure.
DISADVANTAGES:
1) Complex structure,
large steel consumption,
huge construction trouble
and noise.

10. FIG. BOLTED CONNECTION

11. BOLTED CONNECTION One end of the bolt is
formed of a solid and at
the other end of the
shank, threads are
provided on which a nut
moves. Washers are flat
discs of iron and they are
placed under the nut to
prevent the possible injury
by the nut to the surface
when nut is pressed . The
size of bolt is calculated
according to stresses
which they have to resist .
Bolts may be of steel ,
wrought-iron or brass.

12. Advantages and disadvantages
• Advantages
1. No risk of fire during
the connection
2. Connection are made
fast and easily
3. Skill labour is not
required
4. Noise during
connection is
negligible
• Disadvantages
1. It too much chance to
loosen of nut during
earthquake

13. WELDED CONNECTION

14. The art of welding has become very popular
within the past few years and it is being now
applied in all types of steelwork. There are two
methods of welding connections, namely,
1) Plastic welding
2) Fusion welding

15. 1) Plastic welding:
• It is sometimes done on a forge fire or heat is
generated by electric current passed through
the part being welded.
• Thus, the parts to be welded are brought in
plastic state and welding is carried out.
• It is also known as forge welding and it is
confined to the welding of rods and small
pieces.

16. 2) Fusion welding:
• In this process, the edges of two adjacent
pieces of metal are heated to fusion and then
allowed to cool down.
• It is also known as autogenous welding.
• The high temperatures required for such
fusion may be obtained either by electric arc
or oxy-acetylene flame or molten iron and the
processes are accordingly known as:
a) Electric arc welding
b) Oxy-acetylene welding
c) Thermit welding

17. a) Electric arc welding:
• Electric arc welding is a process that is used to join
metal to metal by using electricity to create enough
heat to melt metal, and the melted metals when cool
result in a binding of the metals.
• It is a type of welding that uses a welding power
supply to create an electric arc between an electrode
and the base material to melt the metals at the
welding point.
• Today it remains an important process for the
fabrication of steel structures and vehicles. Any broken
parts of any steel structure can also be repaired by this
method of welding.

18. b) Oxy-acetylene welding:
• In this method intend heat is produced by combining
oxygen and acetylene gas which melts the electrodes
and deposits the molten metal at the joint and then
allowed to cool down.
• The apparatus used in this method is known as oxy-
acetylene torch and it is very simple and can be easily
carried from one place to other.
• So this process is widely used for repair works where
the amount of welding is not large as the initial cost is
comparatively low.
FIG- oxyacetylene torch

19. c) Thermite welding:
• The necessary heat for joining metal of
thermite welding is obtained from chemical
reaction of metal oxide and metal reducing
agent.
• Usually iron oxide is used as a metal oxide and
aluminum or magnesium is used as metal
reducing agent.

20. TYPES OF WELD
There are two types of weld. These are,
1) Fillet weld
2) Butt weld

21. FILLET WELD

23. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES:
1) The welding process
offers an air tight and
water tight joint.
2) Welded structures are
comparatively lighter
than corresponding
riveted or bolted
structures.
3) Welding eliminates the
need for splice plates.
DISADVANTAGE:
1) The high stiffness leads
to out of shape easily.
The welding seams has
strong susceptibility to
the low temperature.
2) Crack may easily occur
during earthquake.

24. CONCLUSION
• Riveted joints were preferred for connecting steel
components for many years.
• However these days, rivets have become less
popular and have become unusual because
riveted joint is less economical then bolted joint
and welded joint.
• Moreover it takes more time for fittings then
bolted joints.
• Installation process of bolted connection is easy
then welded connection and riveted connection
and skilled labour is not required for installation.

25. THANK YOU