The user interface is the point of interaction between users and technology like computers, websites, and applications. The goal is to make the experience intuitive with minimal effort. User interfaces use various input methods like keyboards, mice, and touchscreens along with output displays like monitors and speakers. Common interface types include form-based, graphical, menu-driven, touch-based, and voice-controlled interfaces. Form-based interfaces use fields to enter data while graphical interfaces rely on visual elements. Menu interfaces provide navigational options and touch interfaces are controlled by touch. Voice interfaces accept spoken commands. Effective user interfaces balance input and output processing to transform user inputs into clear outputs.

1. User Interface Layer

2. What is User Interface?
 The user interface is the point at which human users interact with a computer, website or
application. The goal of effective UI is to make the user’s experience easy and intuitive, requiring
minimum effort on the user’s part to receive the maximum desired outcome.
 UI is created in layers of interaction that appeal to the human senses (sight, touch, auditory and
more). They include both input devices like a keyboard, mouse, trackpad, microphone, touch screen,
fingerprint scanner, e-pen and camera, and output devices like monitors, speakers and printers.
Devices that interact with multiple senses are called “multimedia user interfaces.” For example,
everyday UI uses a combination of tactile input (keyboard and mouse) and a visual and auditory
output (monitor and speakers).

3. Types of User Interface
Other types of user interfaces can include:
 Form-based user interface: Used to enter data into a program or application by offering a limited
selection of choices. For example, a settings menu on a device is form-based.
 Graphical user interface: A tactile UI input with a visual UI output (keyboard and monitor).
 Menu-driven user interface: A UI that uses a list of choices to navigate within a program or website. For
example, ATMs use menu-driven Uis and are easy for anyone to use.
 Touch user interface: User interface through haptics or touch. Most smartphones, tablets and any
device that operates using a touch screen use haptic input.
 Voice user interface: Interactions between humans and machines using auditory commands. Examples
include virtual assistant devices, talk-to-text and GPS.

4. Form-based User Interface
 A form-based interface uses text-boxes,
drop- down menus, text areas, check boxes,
radio boxes and buttons to create an
electronic form which a user completes in
order to enter data into a system.

5. Graphical User Interface
 A graphical user interface (GUI) is a digital
interface in which a user interacts with
graphical components such as icons,
buttons, and menus. In a GUI, the visuals
displayed in the user interface convey
information relevant to the user, as well as
actions that they can take.

6. Menu-driven User Interface
 A menu-driven interface is, simply, an
easier way of navigating the devices and
programs we interact with on a daily basis.
It employs a series of screens, or ‘’menus,’’
that allow users to make choices about
what to do next

7. Touch User Interface
 A touch user interface (TUI) is a
computer-pointing technology
based upon the sense of touch
(haptics). Whereas a graphical user
interface (GUI) relies upon the
sense of sight, a TUI enables not
only the sense of touch to
innervate and activate computer-
based functions, it also allows the
user, particularly those with visual
impairments

8. Voice User Interface
 A voice-user interface makes spoken
human interaction with computers
possible, using speech recognition to
understand spoken commands and
answer questions, and typically text to
speech to play a reply. A voice command
device is a device controlled with a voice
user interface

9. Input and Output Processing
 Input – the information entered into a
computer system, examples include: typed
text, mouse clicks, etc. Processing – the
process of transforming input information
into and output.
 Output – the visual, auditory, or tactile
perceptions provided by the computer after
processing the provided information