The document outlines a series of binary choices that ultimately lead to death from AIDS. It starts by differentiating between being a man or woman, then expands out to include choices around military service, location of service, killing or being killed in war, and post-death uses of the body, before concluding all choices eventually involve contracting HIV/AIDS if sufficient binary choices are made, from which there is only death. The document warns the reader to stay safe and that AIDS kills.
World Humanitarian Day 2015: Let's Honor the HumanitariansICF
World Humanitarian Day (WHD) is again being commemorated by ICF Mostra’s visual campaign which draws attention to the challenges and dangers that humanitarian workers face in their work. Due to positive feedback received from NGOs and campaign partners, the European Commission's Humanitarian aid and Civil Protection department (DG ECHO) asked ICF Mostra to launch a second edition of its visual campaign in nine additional cities: Milan, Vienna, Bratislava, Tallinn, Vilnius, Kiev, Bucharest, Budapest, and Warsaw. The campaign will be launched on WHD, 19 August for three weeks. Posters will be seen in transport hubs across the nine cities while advertisements will feature in national media’s print and digital platforms as well as Facebook posts promoted by DG ECHO.
World Humanitarian Day falls on August 19 to honor 22 aid workers that were killed in 2003’s bombing of the UN headquarters in Baghdad. The annual event continues to remember those who have lost their lives while providing assistance to victims of crises. DG ECHO would like to make WHD a recognized celebration in Europe.
World Humanitarian Day 2015: Let's Honor the HumanitariansICF
World Humanitarian Day (WHD) is again being commemorated by ICF Mostra’s visual campaign which draws attention to the challenges and dangers that humanitarian workers face in their work. Due to positive feedback received from NGOs and campaign partners, the European Commission's Humanitarian aid and Civil Protection department (DG ECHO) asked ICF Mostra to launch a second edition of its visual campaign in nine additional cities: Milan, Vienna, Bratislava, Tallinn, Vilnius, Kiev, Bucharest, Budapest, and Warsaw. The campaign will be launched on WHD, 19 August for three weeks. Posters will be seen in transport hubs across the nine cities while advertisements will feature in national media’s print and digital platforms as well as Facebook posts promoted by DG ECHO.
World Humanitarian Day falls on August 19 to honor 22 aid workers that were killed in 2003’s bombing of the UN headquarters in Baghdad. The annual event continues to remember those who have lost their lives while providing assistance to victims of crises. DG ECHO would like to make WHD a recognized celebration in Europe.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
Two Things
1.
2. In this life we live, there are two things involved, Its either you are a man or you are a woman,
3. If you are a woman, you are safe, But, if you are a man, there are two things involved,
4. Its either you are a civilian or you are in the military, If you are a civilian, you are safe, But, if you are in the military, there are two things involved,
5. lts either you are in the office or you are at the war front, If you are in the office, you are safe, But if you are at the war front, there are two things involved,
6. Its either you kill somebody or somebody kills you. If you kill somebody, you are safe, But if somebody kills you, there are two things involved,
7. Its either you are buried or your body becomes manure, If you are buried, you are safe, But if your body becomes manure, there are two things involved
8. Its either you can be used as manure for flowers or manure for trees, If you are used as manure for flowers, you are safe, But if you are used as manure for trees, there are two things involved,
9. Its either you are used to make furniture or to make tissue paper, If you are used to make furniture, you are safe, But if you are used to make tissue paper, there are two things involved,
10. Its either you are used by man or you are used by a woman, If you are used by a man, you are safe, But if you are used by a woman, there are two things involved,
11. Its either she may use you from the back or she may use you from the front, If she uses you from the back, you are safe, But if she uses you from the front, there are two things involved,
12. Its either you contact gonorrhoeae or you can contact HIV, If you contact gonorrhoeae, you are safe, But if you contact HIV, there is only one thing involved 'you'll die'
13. AIDS is now a pandemic. In 2007, an estimated 33.2 million people lived with the disease worldwide, and it killed an estimated 2.1 million people, including 330,000 children. STAY SAFE AIDS KILLS STAY SAFE AIDS KILLS