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837.full
This study examined the sensitivity of six neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) combinations to various nicotinic agonists when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Each receptor combination displayed a distinct sensitivity profile. For example, the α2β2 combination was 10-fold more sensitive to nicotine than acetylcholine, while α3β2 was less sensitive to nicotine. Both the α and β subunits contributed to the pharmacological properties of neuronal nAChRs.
Comparative investigation of food supplements containing ascorbic acid Danka ...
COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTS
CONTAINING ASCORBIC ACID
Danka Obreshkova and Boyka Tsvetkova
Medical University – Sofia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dept. of Pharmaceutical chemistry
Abstract. A simple, specific, precise and accurate reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) method
has been developed for the determination of ascorbic acid in different food additives. The chromatographic
separation was achieved on a LiChrosorb C18, 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm column at a detector wavelength
of 230 nm and a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water (60:40
v/v). The retention time of analyte was 3.49 min. The method was validated for the parameters like specificity,
linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantitation and limit of detection. The method was found to be
specific as no other peaks of impurities and excipients were observed. The square of correlation coefficient
(R2) was 0.9997 while relative standard deviations were found to be <2.0%. The proposed RP-LC method
can be applied for the routine analysis of commercially available food additives of ascorbic acid.
http://www.lse.ac.uk/LSEHealthAndSocialCare/pdf/eurohealth/Vol14No3/Bond.pdfBond
The document discusses regulations around access to and classification of medicines in the UK and Europe. It describes three categories of medicines in the UK - prescription only medicines (POM), pharmacy medicines (P), and general sales list medicines (GSL). POM medicines require a prescription, P medicines can only be sold under pharmacy supervision, and GSL medicines can be sold in any retail outlet. There has been a trend of increasing medicines moving from POM to P to GSL status, making them more accessible over the counter without a prescription. This deregulation aims to empower consumers, improve access, and reduce costs, but must balance this with safety and professional oversight.
европейския парламент и на съвета от 16 април 2014 година относно клиничните ...
РЕГЛАМЕНТ (ЕС) № 536/2014 НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯ ПАРЛАМЕНТ И НА СЪВЕТА от 16 април 2014 година относно клиничните изпитвания на лекарствени продукти за хуманна употреба, и за отмяна на Директива 2001/20/ЕО (текст от значение за ЕИП)
Getting cytisine licensed for use world-wide: a call to action
Most tobacco users live in low and middle income countries where stop smoking medicines are unavailable or unaffordable. There is an urgent need for action by key stakeholders to get cytisine licensed worldwide so that its life-saving potential can be realised.
Lifecycle mgmt-pharmaceutical-bwp-070014
This document discusses how pharmaceutical companies can improve clinical development and manufacturing processes through product lifecycle management (PLM). It identifies 7 key business processes for transforming R&D operations: 1) drug development program management, 2) regulatory archive management, 3) clinical trial management, 4) scale-up and commercial manufacturing, 5) quality management, 6) packaging and marketing asset management, and 7) global product registration. Implementing PLM using Oracle's solutions can deliver ROI by improving productivity, reducing time to market, and lowering development costs.
2006 a space oddity – the great pluto debate science _ the guardian
Long known as the ninth planet, Pluto was downgraded in 2006, sparking a scientific spat that raises basic questions about how we understand the universe
Consumer insights-tools-google-brandlab-b
The document discusses Google tools that can be used to find relevant consumer insights for RFPs, creative briefs, and content strategies. It describes YouTube Analytics, Google Consumer Surveys, Google Trends, Google Correlate, which can provide fast focus group data, test consumer insights, uncover growing and declining interests, and find related search trends. These tools allow accessing larger samples of data faster and more cost-effectively than traditional market research methods to better inform marketing strategies.
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837.full
This study examined the sensitivity of six neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) combinations to various nicotinic agonists when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Each receptor combination displayed a distinct sensitivity profile. For example, the α2β2 combination was 10-fold more sensitive to nicotine than acetylcholine, while α3β2 was less sensitive to nicotine. Both the α and β subunits contributed to the pharmacological properties of neuronal nAChRs.
Comparative investigation of food supplements containing ascorbic acid Danka ...
COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTS
CONTAINING ASCORBIC ACID
Danka Obreshkova and Boyka Tsvetkova
Medical University – Sofia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dept. of Pharmaceutical chemistry
Abstract. A simple, specific, precise and accurate reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) method
has been developed for the determination of ascorbic acid in different food additives. The chromatographic
separation was achieved on a LiChrosorb C18, 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm column at a detector wavelength
of 230 nm and a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water (60:40
v/v). The retention time of analyte was 3.49 min. The method was validated for the parameters like specificity,
linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantitation and limit of detection. The method was found to be
specific as no other peaks of impurities and excipients were observed. The square of correlation coefficient
(R2) was 0.9997 while relative standard deviations were found to be <2.0%. The proposed RP-LC method
can be applied for the routine analysis of commercially available food additives of ascorbic acid.
http://www.lse.ac.uk/LSEHealthAndSocialCare/pdf/eurohealth/Vol14No3/Bond.pdfBond
The document discusses regulations around access to and classification of medicines in the UK and Europe. It describes three categories of medicines in the UK - prescription only medicines (POM), pharmacy medicines (P), and general sales list medicines (GSL). POM medicines require a prescription, P medicines can only be sold under pharmacy supervision, and GSL medicines can be sold in any retail outlet. There has been a trend of increasing medicines moving from POM to P to GSL status, making them more accessible over the counter without a prescription. This deregulation aims to empower consumers, improve access, and reduce costs, but must balance this with safety and professional oversight.
европейския парламент и на съвета от 16 април 2014 година относно клиничните ...
РЕГЛАМЕНТ (ЕС) № 536/2014 НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯ ПАРЛАМЕНТ И НА СЪВЕТА от 16 април 2014 година относно клиничните изпитвания на лекарствени продукти за хуманна употреба, и за отмяна на Директива 2001/20/ЕО (текст от значение за ЕИП)
Getting cytisine licensed for use world-wide: a call to action
Most tobacco users live in low and middle income countries where stop smoking medicines are unavailable or unaffordable. There is an urgent need for action by key stakeholders to get cytisine licensed worldwide so that its life-saving potential can be realised.
Lifecycle mgmt-pharmaceutical-bwp-070014
This document discusses how pharmaceutical companies can improve clinical development and manufacturing processes through product lifecycle management (PLM). It identifies 7 key business processes for transforming R&D operations: 1) drug development program management, 2) regulatory archive management, 3) clinical trial management, 4) scale-up and commercial manufacturing, 5) quality management, 6) packaging and marketing asset management, and 7) global product registration. Implementing PLM using Oracle's solutions can deliver ROI by improving productivity, reducing time to market, and lowering development costs.
2006 a space oddity – the great pluto debate science _ the guardian
Long known as the ninth planet, Pluto was downgraded in 2006, sparking a scientific spat that raises basic questions about how we understand the universe
Consumer insights-tools-google-brandlab-b
The document discusses Google tools that can be used to find relevant consumer insights for RFPs, creative briefs, and content strategies. It describes YouTube Analytics, Google Consumer Surveys, Google Trends, Google Correlate, which can provide fast focus group data, test consumer insights, uncover growing and declining interests, and find related search trends. These tools allow accessing larger samples of data faster and more cost-effectively than traditional market research methods to better inform marketing strategies.
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- Growth in overall spending was driven primarily by price increases for existing drugs (8.4%), with new drugs (2.7%) and changes in drug usage (0.5%) also contributing. Hospital spending growth was mainly from price increases, while clinic growth was mostly from increased drug usage.
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This study examined the acute activation and chronic desensitization of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) containing α4β2, α3β4, and α7 subunits by nicotine and other nicotinic agonists. It found that nicotine causes "smoldering activation" of α4β2 AChRs at concentrations found in smokers, but higher concentrations are needed for α3β4 and α7 AChRs. Sazetidine-A selectively activates and desensitizes the (α4β2)2β2 stoichiometry of the α4β2 AChR. The study defines the concentration ranges over which different agonists can sustain smolder
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This document summarizes a change in access restrictions for a technical report. The report is now approved for public release and distribution, whereas it previously had limited distribution restricted to U.S. government agencies. The document provides the authority for the change and identifies the government organization responsible for the report. It also contains standard legal notices related to the use and ownership of the information.
2906.full
This study examined the binding of the nicotinic cholinergic antagonist dihydro-β-erythroidine ([3H]DBE) to rat brain tissue. The key findings were:
1) [3H]DBE bound to two sites in rat cortical membranes with dissociation constants of 4 nM and 22 nM. Binding was saturable, reversible, and susceptible to protein denaturation.
2) Binding was highest in the thalamus and lowest in the spinal cord. It showed preferential enrichment in synaptosomal subfractions.
3) Nicotine displaced [3H]DBE binding in a stereospecific manner, with (-)-nicotine being approximately 6 times more potent
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- Growth in overall spending was driven primarily by price increases for existing drugs (8.4%), with new drugs (2.7%) and changes in drug usage (0.5%) also contributing. Hospital spending growth was mainly from price increases, while clinic growth was mostly from increased drug usage.
- Projections estimate an 11-13%
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This document discusses the therapeutic index of antihistamines, which is defined as the benefit-to-risk ratio or efficacy-to-safety ratio that determines the range of doses where a drug is effective and safe. While second-generation antihistamines have similar efficacy for allergic rhinitis and urticaria, they differ in their safety profiles and therapeutic indices. Fexofenadine has one of the broadest therapeutic indices, having been shown to be effective at doses as low as 20 mg twice daily and not causing sedation or cardiac toxicity at doses as high as 690 mg twice daily. A broad therapeutic index is important considering potential drug interactions and situations where patients increase their dose in search of
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Pharmaceutical marketing to healthcare providers provides information on new treatment options, but it is only one of many factors that influence prescribing decisions. Surveys find clinical knowledge, patient factors, and insurance policies have greater impacts. Approximately 67% of US prescriptions are for generic drugs, much higher than other countries. While representatives provide information, prescribing is shaped more by clinical guidelines, peers, formularies, and insurers' prior authorization requirements than representative interactions.
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1) [3H]DBE bound to two sites in rat cortical membranes with dissociation constants of 4 nM and 22 nM. Binding was saturable, reversible, and susceptible to protein denaturation.
2) Binding was highest in the thalamus and lowest in the spinal cord. It showed preferential enrichment in synaptosomal subfractions.
3) Nicotine displaced [3H]DBE binding in a stereospecific manner, with (-)-nicotine being approximately 6 times more potent
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