This document discusses transitional words and signals that guide a reader's understanding. It provides examples of six common signals - addition, time, space, change of direction, illustration, and conclusion. Cause signals present conditions or intentions, while effect signals show consequences or results. The document includes an example five-paragraph essay on the causes of the hazards of moviegoing, with an introductory paragraph, three supporting paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph.

1. TRANSITIONS
(Page 87 -90)
Focus : Transitional Words.
Signal the direction of a writer’s thought.
Guide reader’s understanding in reading.
(Like a road signs to a traveler).
Transitions also known as Signals.

2. The 6 Signals
(Page 87)
 Addition
 Time
 Space
 Change-of-Direction
 Illustration
 Conclusion
+ Cause
+ Effect

3. SAMPLE ESSAY
(TYPE: CAUSES)
◦ Title : The Hazards of Moviegoing
◦ Type : Causes
◦ Page :6-7
◦ Structure: Five-Paragraph Essay:
# 1 Introductory Paragraph (Thesis Statement)
# 3 Supporting Paragraph (3 Topic Sentences)
# 1 Concluding Paragraph (Restatement of
Thesis Statement)

4. Fir st Par ag r aph
(Introductor y Par ag r aph)
I am a movie fanatic. My friends count on me to know
more trivia and to remember every big Oscar awarded since I
was in grade school. My friends, though have stopped asking
me if I want to go out to movies. While I love movies as much
as ever, the inconvenience of going out, the temptations of the
concession stand, and the behaviour of some patrons are
reasons for me to wait and rent the DVD.

5. Second Par ag r aph
(Suppor ting Par ag r aph 1)
To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle of the
evening. Since small local movies theaters are a thing of the past, I
have to drive for fifteen minutes to get to the nearest multiplex. The
parking lot is shared with several at a snail’s pace until I spot another
drivers backing out. Then it’s time to stand in an endless line. If we
do get tickets, the theater will be so crowded that I won’t be able to sit
with my friends, or we’ll have to sit in a front row gaping up at a
giant screen.

6. T hir d Par ag r aph
(Suppor ting Par ag r aph 1I)
Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need.
Like most of us, I have to battle an expanding wasteline. At home, I do pretty
well by simply not buying stuff that is bad for me. I can make do with snacks
like celery and carrot stricks because there is no ice cream in the freezer. Going
to the theater, however, is like spending my evening in 7-Eleven that’s been
equipped with a movie screen and comfortable seats. As I try persuade myself
to just have a Diet coke, the smell of fresh popcorn dripping with butter soon
overcomes me. By the time I leave the theather, I feel disgusted with myself.

7. Four th Par agr aph
(Suppor ting Par ag r aph III)
Many of the other patrons are even more of a probem than the
concession stand. Litle kids race up and down the aisles , usually in gigling
packs. Teenagers try to impress their friends by talking back to the screen,
whistling, and making what they consider to be hilarious noises. Adults act as
if they were at home in their living room. They comment loudly on the ages of
the stars and reveal plot twists that are supposed to be a secret until the film’s
ends. And people of all ages create distractions. They crinkle candy wrappers,
stick gum on their seats ….. They also cough and burp,… and elbow me out of
the armrest on either side of my seat.

8. Fifth Par ag r aph
(Concluding Par ag r aph)
After arriving home from the movies one night, I decided
that I was not going to be a moviegoer anymore. I was tired of the
problems involved in getting to theater, resisting unhealthy snacks,
and dealing with the patrons. The next day, I arranged to have
premium movie channels added to my cable TV service, and I also
got a Netflix membership. I may now see movies a bit later than
other people, but I’ll be more relaxed watching box office hits in the
comfort of my own living room.

9. ....The 6 Signals
(Page 87)
 Addition
 Time
 Space
 Change-of-Direction
 Illustration
 Conclusion
+ Cause
+ Effect

10. Cause Signals
Function: Present Specific
conditions
or intentions.
In the event that If as
as / so long as …then in case
in order to unless provided that
with this intention when so that
with this in mind whenever due to
because of while only / even if

11. Effect Signals
Function: Show that “after” a particular
time,
there was a consequence or
result.
as a result accordingly for
in that case thus therefore
for this reason then thereupon
consequently hence henceforth