This document outlines the scientific method and its application in research. It discusses defining the research problem, reviewing literature, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. It also describes the stages of the research process in more detail, including preparing a research design and interpreting results. Finally, it lists different types of research design such as descriptive, experimental, exploratory, and case study research.

1. DANILO F. MARIBAO
PALIPARAN III SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
DASMARINAS CITY, CAVITE
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD AND ITS
APPLICATIONS

2. 1. Group the class into 10 groups
2. Each group must appoint for a leader and
secretary.
3. Once you hear “what is your score” the group
must announce their score.
4. The first group who announce their score will
get an additional points.
5. Highest score gets 10pts- 8 pts- 6 pts- 4 pts.-
2 pts

4. ACTIVITY
By Group: Discuss among the group the
following:
• Identify and describe one social problem.
• Find solutions to the problem.
• What factors you consider in solving the
problem.
• Discuss to the class.

5. ANALYSIS
1. If poverty is a problem, what is your solution
to solve it?
2. What is the positive and negative results
from the problems?

6. HOW IS THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD USED IN CONDUCTING
RESEARCH?
The scientific method refers to a standardized set
techniques for building scientific knowledge, such as
how to make valid observations, how to interpret
results and to generalize results.

7. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Defining the problem
2. Reviewing the literature
3. Forming hypothesis
4. Collecting and analysing data
5. Drawing conclusions

8. STAGES OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Defining the Research problem
• What are the variables or the units
of analysis being studied.
• What is the frame or period of the
study.

9. Review the Related literature
• What has already been written
about the topic?
• What are the research gaps?

10. Formulate Hypothesis
• What are the specific parameters of the
research problem?
• What are the means of manipulating the
variable and / or measuring the result of
the study?

11. Prepare the Research Design
• Is the Research going to be
descriptive, exploratory, or
experimental?
• How should the sample be selected
from the population?

12. Collect Data
• Will the interview be done
personally or over the phone?
• Who are the target participants of
the survey?

13. Analyze Data
• What do the data reveal about the
relationships of the variables being
studied?
• How do the data answer the research
problem?

14. Interpret the results and write the report
• What are the social implications and
significance of the findings?
• Are the sources, both primary and
secondary, property cited in the
study?

15. TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN
• Sets the direction of the whole study.
• Arrangement of conditions for the collection and
analysis of data in a manner that aims to
combine relevance to the research purposes with
the economy in procedure.

16. 1. Descriptive – it provides answer to basic
questions associated with research problem.
2. Historical – collects, verifies, and synthesizes
evidence from the past in order to validate or reject
a hypothesis.
3. Experimental – answers the question, “what
causes something to occur?” Uses experimental
and control group.

17. 4. Exploratory – tackles research problems that
have little or no previous studies done on it.
5. Cross-sectional – measure similarities or
differences across groups and subjects.
6. Longitudinal – studies the same sample across
time or across regular time intervals.

18. 7. Sequential – carried out in a series over time
interval.
8. Case Study – applied to study a very particular
research problem.
9. Meta-analysis – evaluate and summarizes the
results of other individual studies.