The Vikings originated from Scandinavia and traveled by longboat to places like Britain and Ireland during the Viking Age from around AD 700 to 1100. When the Vikings first arrived, the local people welcomed them but then the Vikings fought the locals, stealing and burning buildings. The Vikings were great explorers and traders who reached many places in Europe as well as North Africa, the Middle East, and even North America. They traded a variety of goods, buying items like silver and spices and selling things like fur, fish, and slaves. Viking society was hierarchical, with kings at the top governing over wealthy nobles and common people doing jobs like farming or crafts, and slaves at the bottom who could earn their freedom.

1. Where did the Vikings come from?
The Viking age in European history was from about AD700 to 1100. During this period many
Vikings left their homelands in Scandinavia and travelled by longboat to other countries, like
Britain and Ireland.
When the people of Britain first saw the Viking longboats they came down to the shore to
welcome them. However, the Vikings fought the local people, stealing from churches and
burning buildings to the ground.
The people of Britain called the invaders 'Danes', but they came from Norway and Sweden as
well as Denmark
How far did the Vikings roam?
The Vikings were great explorers and travellers. Viking ships reached Britain, France, Spain,
Italy and North Africa.
Traders made long journeys overland through Russia, reaching as far south as Constantinople
in modern-day Turkey. Some merchants travelled further east to Baghdad in Iraq.
A few daring explorers made voyages to Iceland and beyond, travelling across the Atlantic
Ocean to North America.
What did the Vikings trade?
This is the kind of balance scale a Viking trader used. They put the little weights in one pan
and the silver in the other.
The Vikings traded all over Europe and as far east as Central Asia.
They bought goods and materials such as silver, silk, spices, wine, jewellery, glass and
pottery.
In return, they sold items like honey, tin, wheat, wool, wood, iron, fur, leather, fish and walrus
ivory. Everywhere they went, the Vikings bought and sold slaves too.
Viking traders carried a set of folding scales (balance pieghevoli) which they used to weigh
coins to make sure they got a fair deal.
The Viking way of life
The Vikings were not all bloodthirsty raiders. Some came to fight, but others came to Britain to
live peacefully.
Their longships brought families who settled in villages. There were farmers, who kept animals
and grew crops, and skilful craft workers, who made beautiful metalwork and wooden carvings.
Everyone lived together in a large home called a ‘longhouse’.
The Vikings also brought with them their way of life and beliefs. The Norse people worshipped
many gods and loved to tell stories of magic and monsters around the fire.

2. What jobs did Vikings do?
Vikings were skilled at shaping things from wood.
Everything had to be done by hand on a Viking farm, so life was tough. Farmers grew oats
(avena), barley (orzo) and wheat (grano, frumento). Then they ground the grain to make
flour, porridge (farinata d'avena con aggiunta di latte o panna; ancora in largo uso in Scozia)
and ale (birra). They planted vegetables too, and kept animals like cows, sheep, pigs and
chickens.
Other Vikings were craft workers. They made the things that people needed. Woodworkers
(falegname; carpentiere) and leatherworkers (conciatori) made plates, cups, belts and shoes.
Jewellers (gioiellieri) made rings and brooches (spille) from precious metals. Blacksmiths
(fabbri) hammered and twisted red-hot iron into tools, knives and swords. Potters (vasai)
baked clay (argilla) pots in an oven heated by wood fires.
People took these goods to market to sell. Here a family could buy anything from amber beads
and apples, to walrus tusks and wolf-skins. Viking traders sold their goods even further away.
They sailed the seas to buy silver, silk, spices and furs to bring back home
What was Viking society like?
At the top of Viking society was the king. He was the most powerful person in all the land and
everyone looked up to (ammirare, rispettare) him.
Being a king cost a lot of money, because they had to make sure their kingdom was safe and
that their followers were loyal to them.
Below the king were the nobles or wealthy Vikings known as ‘jarls’. They were rich landowners
or traders and they employed men to work for them.
Then there were the ‘karls’. They were the everyday people and did jobs like farming and craft
work. Karls weren't as rich or important as the jarls, but they weren't poor either.
At the bottom of the pile were the 'thralls' or slaves. They did the hardest, dirtiest jobs and if
they tried to run away they could be killed. However, if thralls could earn enough money they
could buy their freedom.