The document provides an overview of the Cold War between 1945-1991, including key events and figures. It discusses how the Cold War began due to tensions between the US and Soviet Union following WWII over the rebuilding of Europe. Major events of the Cold War included the Marshall Plan, Berlin Airlift, NATO and Warsaw Pact alliances, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The document also examines fears of nuclear war and what might have happened if the Cold War turned hot. It concludes by discussing Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and the subsequent collapse of the USSR in 1991, bringing an end to the Cold War.

1. 1945-1991 Our Final Unit The Cold War

2. Quietly write down what you think this symbolizes or what it means Don’t tell anyone

3. Lets list some things that jump to mind when we say the term “Cold War”

4. Major Events to Know About Marshall Plan Berlin Airlift NATO SPUTNIK Korean War U2 Incident Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis Vietnam War Nuclear Armageddon Fall of the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union

7. 1980 Olympics Flyers vs Red Army team

10. What is a Cold War????? How would you define or describe what “Cold War” means? How would it be different from a “Hot War”

12. No DIRECT fighting between the US / Western Europe and the Soviets Period of high tensions (1945-1991) War by Proxy. (Support others who are fighting) Arms Race – conventional and nuclear Spies / Espionage against one another Propaganda Big Fear: Cold War will become a Hot War. What happens then? What is a COLD WAR?

13. Soviet Union Buffer States Buffer States Buffer States Buffer States Buffer States Buffer Countries (“satalite states”) Europe At the End of World War II

16. How / Why Did the Cold War Start? Choices at end of WWII Rebuild Germany and the rest of Europe Blame Germany and make them suffer Soviets want a buffer zone between them and Germany Set up puppet governments in Eastern Europe

17. The US has its own ideas US wants to rebuild Europe Don’t kick someone when they are down Remember what happened because of the Treaty of Versailles? Creation of the Marshall Plan Rebuild Europe Soviet Union NOT happy See it as the US rearming Germany

18. THE MARSHALL PLAN – America’s idea to Rebuild Germany

20. Put Germany back together Rebuild towns, roads, cities, railroads Send food, clothing, money to rebuild Germany Soviets see this as a threat “ They are rebuilding the Nazi’s homeland!”

21. Cold War Events Soviets install Puppet Govts in Eastern Europe Will do whatever Soviets tell them to do Marshal Plan rebuilds Western Europe Berlin Blockade and Airlift Soviets cut off Berlin from the west US flies in supplies to Berliners Creation of NATO and Warsaw Pact Alliances of Western powers vs Eastern Powers Creation of Israel – safe haven for Jews Start of Arab / Israeli Wars Korean War

23. Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston Churchill to describe the separating of Those communist lands of East Europe from the West .

25. We are closing the border! Stay out! But what about the people in West Berlin?! HELP!

26. Berlin Airlift Soviet Union Cuts off Supplies to West Berlin All ground traffic stopped outside and supplies not allowed in U.S. decides to fly in supplies to Berlin, defying the USSR

27. NATO

28. Creation of NATO N orth A tlantic T reaty O rganization – alliance of western nations Warsaw Pact – alliance of USSR and its allies

30. Cold War People Early Cold War Years Nikita Khrushchev Soviet Union Harry S Truman John F Kennedy U.S.

31. Sputnik (1957) October 4, 1957: Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first artificial satellite Size of a basketball, The Race for Space Bragging Rights to Soviets “ We got there first!”

32. Shocks the US If they can do that, they can hit us from space!

33. Marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race . The Ultimate Prize: Who will be the first to land on the moon?

35. The Korean War (1950-53) Communist North Korea invades South Korea U.S. decides to help South Korea w/money, troops Inchon Chinese Intervention Two sides fight to stalemate 3 years – 50,000 US Casualties

36. Cold War Events U2 Spyplane incident Berlin Wall Built Cuban Missile Crisis

39. Berlin Wall

40. West German cars

41. East German cars

43. Western Side of the wall Eastern Side of the wall Notice any differences?

44. Soviets put nuclear missiles in Cuba Will the US bomb the missile sites? If they do, the Soviets will retaliate Result – Nuclear War US Blockades Cuba instead Soviets give in – dismantle missiles World breathes sigh of relief

47. Cold War Events Colonial Empires Crumble New countries in Africa, Asia India Proxy Wars Vietnam War (1960s) US helps S. Vietnam fight communist N. Vietnam Only war the US ever lost Soviets invade Afghanistan (1980s) US supports Afghan resistance Including Osama Bin Laden Soviets lose

48. What If?? What if the Cold War ever went Hot? What did the experts predict would happen?

49. What would have happened if the Soviets ever decided to expand into Western Europe? … And it would not have stopped there -

50. What would happen if we ever fought the Soviets Directly?

51. What would happen if we ever fought the Soviets Directly?

55. Note the crater

56. 50 years of living "under the gun"

59. What would have happened to us, here in Ambler??

60. Soviet Nuclear Missile Target Sites

61. You are here

62. This is going to hurt

63. “ Russians” Sting 1985

68. “ Tear Down This Wall!” -Ronald Reagan The US builds up its military. It can afford it. Russia tries to build up its military too. It CAN NOT afford it.

69. Mikhail Gobachev Soviet Premier 1985-1991 Perestroika : means “restructuring” or “New ideas” Glasnost: “Openness” Freedom of the press and Freedom of speech etc

70. Rule of Thumb #1 The people of the Soviet Union are in poverty. Because of Glasnost they now have a better idea of what life in the West is like. They realize how unequal their situations are Poverty and Inequality will always lead to…

71. The Dam Breaks Countries in Eastern Europe stop listening to the Soviet Union “ We will not be puppets any longer!” 1989 East Germany opens its borders with West Germany East Berlin opens the gates into West Berlin The Berlin Wall is now meaningless

73. The End of the Soviet Union Some didn’t like his changes and tried to overthrow him in a Coup d’etat. People rally in the streets to stop the Coup leaders Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Russian Republic steps forward and calls for the end of the coup. Democracy and People Power is taking hold in the USSR The coup failed, and would eventually cause The Soviet Union to fall Yeltsin

74. December 1991 – The Soviet Union ends

75. Group Assignment Get into groups of your own choice 4 people Create a timeline for the Cold War using people, events, locations etc for the decade I assign to you