The document provides a travel advisory for Australians visiting Thailand, noting several safety and security concerns. It warns of the possibility of civil unrest and terrorist attacks, particularly in Bangkok and southern border regions. It advises exercising caution due to ongoing political tensions and martial law since a 2014 military coup. Crime risks are also highlighted, including scams, sexual assault, and violence at beach parties. Strict drug laws and overstaying visa limits are also mentioned.

1. Thailand | Travel advice | Smartraveller: The Australian
Government's travel advisory and consular assistance service
Summary
We advise you to exercise a high degree of caution in Thailand due to the possibility of civil unrest
and the threat of terrorist attack, including in Bangkok and Phuket. The security situation remains
volatile. You should pay close attention to your personal security at all times and where possible
monitor the local media, including social media, for information about possible new safety or
security risks.
On 22 May 2014, the military announced that it had taken control of the country in a coup. Martial
law continues to be imposed throughout Thailand. Australians should stay well clear of any
demonstrations, political events, rallies, processions and large-scale public gatherings as they may
turn violent. For further information on possible disruptions see under Safety and Security.
Be aware of the risks of hiring jet skis and motorcycles. Australian travellers continue to report
harassment and threats of violence by jet ski operators on beaches across Thailand, and particularly
in Phuket, Pattaya, Koh Samui and Koh Phangan. You may be detained and arrested by police
following jet ski and motorcycle accidents until compensation, often in thousands of dollars, can be
negotiated between parties. Check your insurance cover if you intend to ride a motorcycle in
Thailand when you are not licensed to ride one in Australia.
Tourists may be exposed to scams and more serious criminal activity in Thailand. Be aware that food
and drink spiking occurs in Thailand, including around popular backpacker destinations such as
Khao San Road in Bangkok the night-time entertainment zones in Bangkok, Pattaya and Phuket, and
during the Full Moon Party on Koh Phangan.
Travellers planning to attend Full Moon parties at Koh Phangan or other locations should carefully
consider personal safety issues and take appropriate precautions. See our Partying Overseas page
for advice on the risks you may face when attending Full Moon parties and tips on how to avoid
becoming a victim.
Penalties for drug offences are severe and include the death penalty. The possession of even small
quantities of "soft drugs" for recreational purposes can result in lengthy jail sentences.
On 19 February 2015, the Thai Parliament passed legislation banning commercial surrogacy. The
legislation is awaiting royal approval. Australians are advised not to visit Thailand for the purpose of
engaging in commercial surrogacy arrangements. See Laws for more information.
We strongly advise you not to travel at this time to the southern provinces of Yala, Pattani,
Narathiwat and Songkhla or overland to and from the Malaysian border through these provinces due
to high levels of ongoing violence in these areas, including terrorist attacks and bombings that result
in deaths and injuries on an almost daily basis.
We advise you to exercise particular caution in the areas surrounding the Preah Vihear Temple
(known as Khao Pra Viharn temple in Thailand) and the Ta Kwai and Ta Muen Thom temples, all on
the Thailand-Cambodia border, due to the presence of unexploded ordnance. There was renewed
fighting in the area in early 2011 and there continues to be a military presence in these areas.

2. Australians visiting Thailand on business should see our Advice to Australian business travellers.
Be a smart traveller. Before heading overseas:
Entry and exit
Visa and other entry and exit conditions (such as currency, customs and quarantine regulations)
change regularly. Contact the nearest Embassy or Consulate of Thailand for the most up-to-date
information.
Australian tourists travelling to Thailand through one of the international airports on an Australian
passport may currently enter Thailand for up to 30 days without obtaining a visa in advance. This is
referred to as a "visa exemption". Australian tourists travelling overland into Thailand through a
border crossing may enter Thailand for up to 15 days without obtaining a visa in advance. A visa is
required for longer stays or for travellers intending to work or to travel for purposes other than
tourism in Thailand.
Travellers should be aware of the local regulations and procedures for importing prescription
medication. See under Laws for details.
Thai authorities require all travellers to have at least six months' validity remaining on their
passports. You may be refused entry to Thailand, or may not be permitted to board your Thailand-
bound flight, if your passport has less than six months' validity.
The Australian Embassy cannot help you to get entry permits or visas, visa extensions or work
permits for Thailand or other countries. Make sure you obtain visas, entry permits and extensions of
stay from Thai immigration authorities or a Thai Embassy or Consulate.
Avoid individuals and companies advertising visa extension services, as they may stamp passports
with fake or illegally obtained exit and entry stamps. Australians with illegal stamps in their
passports can be arrested and jailed for up to 10 years. Thai authorities will vigorously prosecute
offenders.
Overstaying your visa in Thailand is considered a very serious offence and may result in arrest and
prolonged detention. Travellers who overstay entry permits may not be allowed to leave Thailand
until a fine is paid. The fine is currently 500 baht per day, up to a maximum of 20,000 baht. If you
cannot afford to pay the overstay fine you may be arrested, taken to court, charged with a visa
offence, and required to serve a lengthy prison sentence in lieu of the fine. Travellers who have
overstayed their visas may be imprisoned, deported and placed on an immigration blacklist to
prevent them from returning to Thailand.
It is illegal to work without a work permit, including for volunteering activities. In the past, some
employers (particularly schools, fitness centres, securities telemarketers, currency traders,
entertainment venues, and other businesses) have not fulfilled promises to arrange work permits
and their employees have been arrested, jailed and deported from Thailand.
Safety and security
Civil unrest/political tension

3. We advise you to exercise a high degree of caution in Thailand due to the possibility of civil unrest.
Nationwide martial law: On 22 May 2014, the Thai military announced that it had taken control of
the country in a coup. Martial law continues to be imposed across Thailand. The security situation
remains volatile. Nationwide martial law has superseded the emergency orders and states of
emergency in effect in parts of Thailand for much of the past four years.
You should be aware that under martial law military authorities have wide powers, including to
suspend laws, restrict public assembly, restrict movement and impose curfews and other security
measures.
Avoid all demonstrations and political events: Since the military coup there have been a number of
anti-coup demonstrations in Bangkok and other parts of Thailand, including in areas frequented by
tourists. The military has arrested some participants for failing to comply with orders to cease
protest activity. These confrontations are potentially volatile. Australians should stay well clear of
any demonstrations, political events, rallies, processions and large-scale public gatherings, as they
may turn violent.
The military may restrict access to some areas to prevent demonstrators from gathering, including
around major shopping and hotel districts in central Bangkok. In the past this has led to the closure
of some nearby public transport infrastructure and major shopping malls.
You should follow the instructions of local authorities.
Ensure validity of travel insurance: We recommend that you check with your travel insurance
provider to ensure that you are covered for any claims arising from the current situation. Travellers
should be aware that some travel insurance policies contain exclusions relating to military coups and
the imposition of martial law.
A number of small explosions have occurred in public places since February 2015. On 7 March 2015,
a small explosion occurredoutside the Bangkok Criminal Court in Chatuchak District. On 1 February
2015, two small explosions occurred outside a Bangkok shopping mall. Investigations are ongoing.
Further such incidents are possible.
During anti-government protests in 2014, firearms and hand-grenades were used in attacks against
protesters, often at night-time but also during the day in busy public areas around protest sites in
central Bangkok and when protesters have been moving around the city. There were also attacks on
protestors and other violent incidents in other provinces across Thailand. In the past, authorities
have used teargas, water cannons and rubber bullets to control protests. In wide-spread protests
that occurred from November 2013 until the coup in May 2014, incidents associated with the
protests resulted in over 25 deaths and hundreds of injuries. Further indiscriminate attacks are
possible.
Border regions
Thai-Cambodia border: Australians intending to visit temples along the Thai-Cambodia border
should be aware of the ongoing border dispute that has resulted in fighting as recently as April
2012. In recent years conflict has occurred in the area surrounding the Preah Vihear temple (known
as Khao Pra Viharn temple in Thailand) located in the border region between Sisaket Province in
Thailand and Preah Vihear Province in Cambodia. Conflict has also occurred in the area surrounding
the Ta Kwai (known as Ta Krabei temple in Cambodia) and Ta Muen Thom (known as Ta Moan

4. temple in Cambodia) temples along the Thai-Cambodia border in Surin province (most recently in
early 2011). Fatalities were reported. Tourist attractions and border crossing points may be closed
with little or no notice. There is a risk in border areas from landmines and unexploded military
ordnance.
Thai-Burma border: There have been instances of fighting and banditry along some sections of the
Thai-Burma border. This includes fighting between the Burmese military and armed ethnic
opposition groups as well as clashes between Thai security forces and armed criminal groups, such
as drug traffickers. Armed clashes between the Burmese military and armed opposition groups
inside Burma may cause border closures and an influx of displaced civilians. In the event of unrest in
Burma, you should monitor media reports and follow the instructions of Thai officials.
Travellers who have attempted illegal border crossings have been detained and deported from
Thailand. You should also be aware that bandits may target foreigners travelling through national
parks located near border regions.
Terrorism
We advise you to exercise a high degree of caution in Thailand due to the threat of terrorist attack,
including Bangkok and Phuket. We continue to receive reports that terrorists may be planning
attacks against a range of targets, including locations frequented by tourists and foreigners.
Thai authorities have on a number of occasions warned of the possibility of bombings in Thailand to
coincide with symbolic dates or holidays.
There have been a number of improvised explosive device (IED) incidents in Bangkok and other
major cities in recent years. In addition, on 22 December 2013, a vehicle containing explosives was
discovered in Phuket Town. On 26 May 2013, an IED detonated in Ramkhamhaeng Soi 43/1 in
eastern Bangkok, injuring seven people. A small blast occurred in a rubbish bin in Phuket Town on 1
August 2013. On 28 October 2014, an unexploded grenade was found on a beach in Phuket. These
incidents are still under investigation.
In mid-April 2014, police arrested two foreign nationals following allegations the pair were involved
in planning an attack in Bangkok.
In planning your activities, consider the kinds of places known to be terrorist targets and the level of
security provided. These include places frequented by foreigners such as embassies, shopping malls,
markets, banks, clubs, hotels, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, schools, places of worship, outdoor
recreation events, beach resorts and tourist areas. Public buildings, public transport, airports and
sea ports are also potential targets for attack.
Southern provinces - Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat and Songkhla: We strongly advise you not to travel at
this time to the southern provinces of Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat and Songkhla, or overland to and
from the Malaysian border through these provinces due to high levels of ongoing violence in these
regions. This includes travel by train or road between Thailand and Malaysia.
In recent years almost daily attacks have taken place in these areas, many of which have caused
deaths and serious injuries. Bombings and shootings are commonplace in these areas. Arson and
beheadings have occurred. The Thai Government has warned tourists not to travel to these areas.
Australians in Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat and Songkhla provinces may be caught up in violence or

5. terrorist attacks directed at others. If you are in these provinces, you should consider leaving. If you
decide to stay in the southern provinces, you should ensure you have the appropriate personal
security measures in place.
Since January 2004, there has been heightened tension in these four southern provinces, where
violent incidents continue to take place. Since 2004, over 6,000 people have been killed and many
more injured, including foreigners. An Australian was one of seven people injured in a bomb blast in
Yala province in May 2007.
Bombings can occur in close succession and proximity in order to target those responding to the
initial explosions. Over the past few years, there have been numerous instances of multiple
coordinated explosions occurring across a range of locations in southern Thailand.
Attacks have occurred in locations frequented by the public. Targets have included government
officials, civilians, religious and community leaders, members of the security forces, teachers, tourist
hotels, bars, banks, ATMs, cinemas, entertainment venues, shops, convenience stores, markets,
supermarkets, schools, places of worship, petrol stations and transport infrastructure including Hat
Yai international airport and trains. Further such incidents could occur at any time.
Recent examples of attacks include:
On 8 March 2015, eight people were injured in a bomb attack outside a railway station in
Narathiwat province.
On 31 January 2015, two people were killed in a shooting in Yala province.
On 29 December 2014, two people were killed in a shooting attack in Songkhla province,
On 13 November 2014, one person was killed and a child injured in an armed attack in a residential
area of Yala province.
On 31 October 2014, one person was killed and two injured in bomb attacks on bars in Pattani
province.
On 24 July 2014, two people were killed and more than 50 injured in two bombings in Betong City,
Yala province.
On 19 September 2014, a person was killed in a shooting while exiting a mosque in Pattani province.
Terrorism is a threat throughout the world. See our Terrorist Threat Overseas bulletin.
Crime
We continue to receive reports of the sexual assault, food and drink spiking, assault and robbery of
foreigners, including around popular backpacker and tourist destinations such as Khao San Road in
Bangkok, the night-time entertainment zones in Bangkok, Pattaya and Phuket, and during Full Moon
and other parties on Koh Phangan. See our Sexual Assault Overseas page for further information on
how to avoid becoming a victim of sexual assault and the assistance available to victims. Due to the
high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, victims of violent crime, especially rape, are strongly encouraged to
seek immediate medical assistance.

6. Beach parties: The Full Moon and other parties at Koh Phangan and in other locations regularly
result in reports of sexual assaults, deaths, arrests, robbery, injuries and lost travel documents. In
September 2014, two foreign travellers were murdered on a beach in Koh Tao. Travellers should
avoid local and homemade cocktails which may be made with narcotic or poisonous substances. In
addition to the health risks of ingesting unknown substances, these drinks can render consumers
vulnerable to criminals. Travellers contemplating attendance should carefully consider personal
safety issues and take appropriate precautions. See our Partying Overseas page for advice on the
risks you may face when attending Full Moon and similar parties and tips on how to avoid becoming
a victim.
Schoolies: Australians planning to celebrate "Schoolies" in Thailand should be aware that in the past
Australians have had serious accidents and injuries as a result of consumption of alcohol and drugs,
and have been arrested for theft and/or possession of narcotics. You should behave in a responsible
and culturally sensitive manner. The costs for medical services can be very expensive and penalties
for breaking the law in Thailand can be severe. These penalties also apply to minors, who are subject
to Thai juvenile judicial processes, including detention in a juvenile or adult prison.
Opportunistic crime: Petty crime, such as theft from hotel rooms, and pickpocketing is common.
Money and passports have been stolen from rooms (particularly in cheaper hotels and hostels) and
from bags on public transport. Items have been removed from luggage stored below buses and
travellers have reported being drugged and robbed during bus and train journeys. Beware of
pickpockets in crowded markets and shopping streets. You can reduce the impact of opportunistic
crime when visiting these areas by leaving credit and other valuable items that are not required
locked in your hotel safe. Remain vigilant in public areas.
Snatch and grab crimes: Tourists have also been robbed after the bags they were carrying were
snatched by thieves on motorcycles or were sliced open by razor blades. Beware of motorcycles
approaching from behind as you walk on the footpath and hold bags and backpacks in front of you or
in ways that make them difficult to be snatched. You should be aware that some foreigners,
including an Australian tourist, have been killed in these incidents. You can reduce the opportunity
for such opportunistic theft by limiting the carriage of easily grabbed bags in public places.
Jet ski scams: Australian travellers continue to report harassment and threats of violence by jet-ski
operators on tourist beaches, particularly in Phuket, Pattaya, Koh Samui and Koh Phangan. Many
travellers have reported that, after returning hired jet-skis, they have been confronted by gangs
claiming that the tourist damaged the jet-ski. There have been reported instances of such gangs
threatening violence, including at knifepoint, if a large sum of money in compensation for the
alleged damage is not paid. Australians hiring jet-skis should check the jet-ski for damage, including
underneath, before riding and take photographs of the jet-ski that may be helpful in the resolution of
disputes.
Australians should also ask jet ski operators to provide evidence of their insurance policy covering
damage to the jet ski before entering into a rental agreement. If you believe that you have fallen
victim to a jet ski scam, you should call the Tourist Police on 1155.
Protect your passport: Operators may request your passport as a deposit or guarantee before hiring
jet skis or motorbikes. If there is a dispute about damage to a rented jet-ski or motorbike, rental
operators may try to keep your passport until they receive compensation. Passports are valuable
documents that should be appropriately protected. Australians should not provide passports as
deposits or guarantees under any circumstances.

7. Card skimming and fraud: Credit card and ATM fraud, including the use of 'skimming' machines
which can store card data, can occur in Thailand. You should monitor your transaction statements
and take care not to expose your PIN to others, particularly when using ATMs.
Gem scams: Many travellers fall victim to scams after accepting offers from people recommending
or offering various goods or services, particularly when shopping for jewellery and gems. The
Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) can provide official advice on purchasing jewellery and gems.
Investment scams: Travellers have also lost large sums of money through bogus investment,
property rental and time share schemes, card game scams and other fraudulent activity. There have
been complaints from Australians who have lost large sums of money from property purchases and
in time share schemes in Phuket. Australians should be particularly careful and thoroughly research
any company offering properties for sale or time share arrangements before entering into an
agreement.
Money and valuables
Your passport is a valuable document that is attractive to criminals who may try to use your identity
to commit crimes. It should always be kept in a safe place. You are required by Australian law to
report a lost or stolen passport. If your passport is lost or stolen overseas, report it online or contact
the nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate as soon as possible.
Review the general advice to Australian travellers for further information on being safe and
prepared abroad.
If you are travelling on a restricted budget, it is important to ensure you have access to enough
money to cover unexpected costs. For example, you may have a problem that prevents you taking
your scheduled flight. Restrictions, such as tickets being non-refundable or non-transferable, apply
to most discounted airfares, or you may need to pay a substantial fee to change your travel dates. If
you lose your passport you will be delayed and you will have to pay for a replacement. If you fall ill
and need medical treatment, even if you have insurance, it is likely you will need to cover some costs
yourself. At the minimum, it is essential to have access to enough money to cover a replacement
ticket home and several nights hotel accommodation, plus extra money for unexpected emergencies.
Local travel
Suvarnabhumi International Airport, also known as the New Bangkok International Airport, is
located in Samut Prakan Province, 25 kilometres east of Bangkok. Suvarnabhumi International
Airport is the main airport for international and domestic flights for Bangkok. Don Mueang airport,
located 24 kilometres north of Bangkok, is used for domestic and international flights. Australians
should be aware of the airport they will use and ensure there is sufficient transit time if arriving and
departing from different airports. The distance between these two airports is 47 kilometres and the
driving time can be up to two hours depending on traffic conditions.
Service counters at Suvarnabhumi and Don Mueang International Airports may provide information
on transport to the city and hotels.
You should be alert to arrangements where taxi or tuk tuk (motorised three-wheel vehicles) drivers
take passengers to shops where the driver will receive a commission. Passengers may be charged
higher prices for goods or sold sub-standard goods or worthless gems. You should be alert to your
own safety at all times when using taxis and tuk tuks and never put yourself in danger by physically

8. confronting drivers. Violent or serious incidents involving taxis and tuk tuks should be reported to
the local police. Secure your possessions while travelling in tuk tuks or on motorcycles as thefts by
riders on passing motorcycles can occur.
In Phuket and some other parts of Thailand, taxis and tuk tuks are not metered and fares may be set
according to distance travelled or negotiated between driver and passenger. The Embassy continues
to receive reports of tuk tuk drivers in Phuket becoming aggressive and sometimes violent during
disagreements over fares or routes. Fares and routes should be agreed upon before engaging the
taxi or tuk tuk. If you find yourself in a dispute with a driver, you should call the Tourist Police on
1155 to mediate.
In Phuket, syndicates of taxi and tuk tuk drivers may operate in particular areas. The Embassy has
received reports of drivers resisting, sometimes violently, other drivers who try to pick up
passengers in their area.
Motorcycle and other road accidents are very common in Thailand, including in resort areas such as
Phuket, Pattaya and Koh Samui. Under Thai law, motorcycle riders and passengers are required to
wear helmets, but they are often not provided by hire companies or motorcycle taxis. Each year
foreign tourists affected by alcohol are injured in motorcycle and other vehicle accidents. In such
cases travel insurers are likely to exclude cover. Don't drink and drive. For further advice on road
safety, see our page on road travel.
To drive a car or ride a motorcycle in Thailand, you need a valid driver licence of the correct class.
Be aware some vehicle rental companies will try to tell you otherwise. We recommend that you carry
an International Driving Permit (IDP) in addition to your Australian driver licence.
If you intend to hire cars, motorcycles, jet skis or any other motorised vehicle, talk to your travel
insurer to check if these activities are covered by your insurance policy and seek advice on any
restrictions that may apply (such as insurance cover being voided if you are not licensed to ride a
motorcycle in Australia).
The Thai Department of Tourism provides useful advice on renting jet skis at the Tourism Authority
website.
There have been many serious accidents involving jet skis and motorcycles in Thailand. Foreigners
are regularly detained and arrested by police following jet ski and motorcycle accidents until
compensation, often thousands of dollars, can be negotiated between parties. The Embassy is not
able to assist in these negotiations and can only provide a list of lawyers. Many vehicle hire
companies do not have insurance and any damage, loss, or costs associated with injuries to third
parties will be your responsibility to negotiate or pay. In addition to checking that your travel
insurance covers hospital and other costs associated with motorbike, jet-ski or other vehicle
accidents, also ensure that the hiring company holds comprehensive insurance, including third-
party, for the vehicle you are hiring. We recommend that Australians do not provide passports as
deposits or guarantees.
Australians have reported cases where hire companies have demanded large amounts of
compensation for pre-existing damage to motorbikes. There have also been reports claiming that
hire companies have arranged for motorbikes to be stolen from the hirer, and forcing them to pay
thousands of dollars in compensation, including the value of a new motorbike plus lost earnings.
There have been a number of instances of train derailments in recent years, including on the

9. Bangkok-Chiang Mai line. Some have resulted in deaths and injuries.
The safety standards you might expect of transport and tour operators, including adventure
activities (e.g. scuba diving, elephant safaris and bungee jumping), are not always met. Sufficient
safety equipment may not be provided and recommended maintenance standards and safety
precautions may not be observed. If you intend participating in these activities, you should talk to
your travel insurer to check if the activity is covered by your insurance policy. Don't be afraid to ask
about or insist on minimal safety requirements with tour operators.
Ferry travel in Thailand can be dangerous, as vessel passenger limits are not always observed or
sufficient life jackets provided. Australians have been killed and injured in ferry and boat accidents
in coastal areas, including near Samui Island. Several safety incidents have recently been reported
on vessels in Phuket. You should ensure that any vessel you intend to board is carrying appropriate
safety equipment and that life jackets are provided for all passengers and are worn at all times.
Check with your tour operator or vessel management to ensure appropriate safety standards are
maintained.
You should avoid travelling in ferries and speedboats after dark. Australians attending full moon
parties should try to secure accommodation on the island where the party is being held to avoid the
need to travel by boat at night. See the Partying Overseas page for further information on travel
issues.
Beach safety: You should take particular care when swimming off coastal areas, especially during
monsoon season (November-March in Koh Samui and the south-east of the Thai peninsula and May-
October in the rest of Thailand, including Phuket). Severe undercurrents (rips) are common in
coastal areas and many foreign tourists have drowned, including in popular resort areas such as
Phuket, Pattaya and Koh Samui. Lifeguard services are rarely available. In some locations, red flags
are displayed to warn swimmers not to enter the water and these warnings should be taken very
seriously. If in any doubt check with local authorities before swimming. You should never swim after
dark or after consuming alcohol.
Building safety: It is common for railings on stairs and balconies in Thailand to be lower than the
Australian standard height or to be made of materials that are not strong. In some cases railings are
non-existent. There have been cases of Australians being injured or dying after falling from stairs or
balconies. You should take care when using stairs and balconies and when supervising children in
these areas.
Airline safety
The Australian Government does not provide information on the safety of individual commercial
airlines or flight paths. See instead the Aviation Safety Network website for information on aviation
safety in Thailand.
Please also refer to our general air travel page for information on aviation safety and security.
Laws
When you are in Thailand, be aware that local laws and penalties, including ones that may appear
harsh by Australian standards, do apply to you. Australians have been arrested and sentenced to jail
for making false statements to police. If you are arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do
what it can to help you but we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail. Research local laws before

10. you travel.
Information on what Australian consular officers can and cannot do to help Australians in trouble
overseas is available from the Consular Services Charter.
Surrogacy
On 19 February 2015, the Thai Parliament passed legislation banning commercial surrogacy. The
legislation is awaiting royal approval. Australians are advised not to visit Thailand for the purpose of
engaging in commercial surrogacy arrangements. Those considering commercial surrogacy overseas
should seek independent legal advice. You should also see our Overseas births, adoptions and
surrogacies page for further information.
Thai authorities are enforcing documentation requirements upon exit of the country when they
suspect a child has been born by surrogacy in Thailand. We strongly recommend that Australians
already engaged in commercial surrogacy arrangements in Thailand seek independent legal advice,
including on the implications of any new exit requirements. Australians with existing agreements
who may be affected by these arrangements should call the Consular Section at the Australian
Embassy in Bangkok for the latest information (Tel: +66 2 344 6300 and follow the prompts for
Consular Services).
Prescription medications
Some prescription medications available in Australian are controlled substances in Thailand, even if
prescribed by an Australian doctor. This includes medication to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder. Restrictions also apply to some over the counter medications available in Australia,
including drugs containing codeine. The website of the Thai Food and Drug Administration has
information on how to obtain approval import controlled substances and other restrictions applying
to foreign nationals travelling with medication. If you intend to bring prescription or non-
prescription medication into Thailand you should first contact the closest Thai Embassy or Consulate
to confirm it is legal. See the website of the Thai Embassy in Canberra for more information.
Other legal information
Foreigners are required to carry identification at all times.
The Thai authorities may conduct spot-checks for illegal drugs, particularly around the main areas
frequented by tourists. Travellers should be aware of reports that foreigners have been targeted for
narcotic tests. Under Thai law, the authorities have the right to demand urine samples from
individuals suspected of taking illegal drugs. If you are asked to submit a urine sample, you should
request that this be done at a police station and ask for permission to contact the Embassy or the
Tourist Police (telephone 1155) for English speaking officers. You should adhere to directives issued
by authorities.
In Thailand, penalties for drug offences are severe and include the death penalty. The possession of
even small quantities of drugs known as "soft drugs" for recreational purposes can result in lengthy
jail sentences and deportation.
The death penalty can also be imposed for murder, attempted murder, rape, crimes against the state
including treason, and certain offences against the monarchy.

11. Lengthy prison terms up to 15 years can be imposed for insulting the monarchy or defacing images
of the monarch and his family. This includes destroying bank notes bearing the King's image.
Almost all forms of gambling (other than at a few major race tracks) are illegal in Thailand. There
can be heavy penalties for illegal gambling of any form.
Penalties for shoplifting, including at airports, include heavy fines and detention.
People found to be making false statements to police, including making false statements in relation
to insurance claims, may be prosecuted and imprisoned or fined. Reporting any crime that did not
actually take place or lying about the circumstances of an incident may result in your arrest and
imprisonment.
Some Australian criminal laws, such as those relating to money laundering, bribery of foreign public
officials, terrorism, forced marriage, female genital mutilation, child pornography, and child sex
tourism, apply to Australians overseas. Australians who commit these offences while overseas may
be prosecuted in Australia.
Australian authorities are committed to combating sexual exploitation of children by Australians
overseas. Australians may be prosecuted at home under Australian child sex tourism and child
pornography laws. These laws provide severe penalties of up to 25 years imprisonment for
Australians who engage in child sexual exploitation while outside of
http://www.travelandleisureasia.com/ Australia. A number of Australians have been arrested in
Thailand for these crimes.
Local customs
Deliberate transgressions of local customs, such as showing the soles of your feet or touching the
top of a person's head, are likely to cause grave offence. You should respect local customs and take
care not to offend. If in doubt, seek local advice.
Information for dual nationals
Australia/Thai dual nationals may be liable for conscription. Australian/Thai dual nationals who are
unsure of their military obligation can consult the nearest embassy of Thailand.
Our Dual Nationals brochure provides further information for dual nationals.
Health
We strongly recommend that you take out comprehensive travel insurance that will cover any
overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation, before you depart. Confirm that your
insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away and check what circumstances and activities
are not included in your policy. Remember, regardless of how healthy and fit you are, if you can't
afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. The Australian Government will not pay for a
traveller's medical expenses overseas or medical evacuation costs.
It is important to consider your physical and mental health before travelling overseas. We encourage
you to consider having vaccinations before you travel. At least eight weeks before you depart, make
an appointment with your doctor or travel clinic for a basic health check-up, and to discuss your
travel plans and any implications for your health, particularly if you have an existing medical

12. condition. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides information for travellers and our health
page also provides useful information for travellers on staying healthy.
If you have a mental health condition, you, your family and any travelling companions should also
assess the possible consequences of the challenges and stressors that can arise whilst travelling
overseas. The experience of different environments, unfamiliar customs, language barriers, social
isolation, and general uncertainty are examples of risk factors that may increase stress and anxiety.
Increased stress may exacerbate existing mental health conditions and possibly trigger unfamiliar
mental health issues. Mental health facilities and treatment approaches may be very different to
those in Australia. Australians with mental health concerns should carefully consider the possible
consequences of travelling on their wellbeing. Travellers should be aware of the local regulations
and procedures for importing prescription medication. See under Laws for details.
The standard of medical facilities throughout Thailand varies. While private hospitals with
international standard facilities can be found in major cities, services can be limited elsewhere.
Private hospitals generally require confirmation of insurance or a guarantee of payment before
admitting a patient. Costs can be very expensive. Generally, serious illnesses and accidents can be
treated at private or public hospitals in Bangkok and other large cities. However, medical evacuation
to a destination with the required facilities may be necessary in some cases at considerable cost.
Decompression chambers are located near popular dive sites in Koh Tao, Koh Samui, Phuket,
Pattaya and Bangkok.
Stings from jellyfish and other marine animals can be fatal. You should seek advice from local
authorities, your tour operator or hotel regarding seasonal bathing conditions, recommended
precautions and other potential dangers.
"Medical tourism", including for cosmetic and sex-change operations, is common in Thailand.
Australians should ensure that they are not lured to discount or uncertified medical establishments
where standards can be lacking, resulting in serious and possibly life-threatening complications.
Hospitals and clinics have been known to refuse compensation to patients not satisfied with the
results of cosmetic surgery or when patients are harmed or die during procedures.
Malaria exists throughout the year in rural areas of the country, particularly near the borders with
Cambodia, Laos, and Burma. Dengue fever occurs in Thailand, and is particularly common during
the rainy season, peaking in July and August. Thai authorities have reported an increase in dengue
fever cases and a number of deaths. Australian health authorities report a number of cases of
dengue each year amongst travellers returning from Thailand. There is no vaccination or specific
treatment available for dengue fever. Anyone suffering from a fever should seek medical advice.
Other insect-borne diseases (including chikungunya fever, Japanese encephalitis and filariasis) also
occur in many areas. We encourage you to consider having vaccinations before travelling and to
consider taking prophylaxis against malaria where necessary. We also encourage you to take
measures to avoid insect bites including using an insect repellent at all times and wearing long,
loose fitting, light coloured clothing and ensuring your accommodation is mosquito proof.
The rate of HIV/AIDS infection in Thailand is high. You should exercise appropriate precautions if
engaging in activities that expose you to risk of infection.
Rabies: Rabies is a potentially fatal viral disease that can be found in dogs, monkeys, bats and other
mammals in Thailand. In addition to the risk posed by dogs, you should also be aware that
Australians are routinely treated with rabies immunoglobulin on their return to Australia following

13. bites or scratches from monkeys in Thailand. In order to avoid potential exposure you should not
feed or pat monkeys, even in popular markets, tourist destinations and sanctuaries where you may
be encouraged to interact with monkeys. See our health page for further information on what to do if
bitten by an animal that may carry rabies.
Water-borne, food-borne, parasitic and other infectious diseases (including tuberculosis, cholera,
hepatitis, leptospirosis and typhoid) are prevalent with outbreaks occurring from time to time. We
advise you to boil all drinking water or drink bottled water, avoid ice cubes and raw and
undercooked food, and avoid unpasteurised dairy products. Seek medical advice if you have a fever
or are suffering from diarrhoea.
You should also be aware that illness caused by naturally occurring seafood toxins such as ciguatera
as well as scombroid (histamine fish poisoning ) and toxins in shellfish can be a hazard (for more
information see Queensland Health's factsheet). Seek urgent medical attention if you suspect
poisoning.
Avoid temporary 'black henna' tattoos as they often contain a dye which can cause serious skin
reactions. For further information, see the Australasian College of Dermatologists' website.
Smoke haze: There is smoke haze across some parts of north and north-east Thailand usually during
March to April. The high levels of air pollution may aggravate bronchial, sinus or asthma conditions.
Keep up-to-date with advice of local authorities and seek medical advice on appropriate precautions.
Regular air quality reports are available from the Meteorological Service Singapore.
Avian influenza: The World Health Organization (WHO) has confirmed human deaths from avian
influenza in Thailand. See our health page and Avian Influenza bulletin for further information.
Where to Get Help
Depending on the nature of your enquiry, your best option may be to contact your family, friends,
airline, travel agent, tour operator, employer or travel insurance provider in the first instance.
If the matter relates to criminal issues, contact the local police. If the matter relates to complaints
about tourism services or products, contact the service provider directly.
The Consular Services Charter explains what the Australian Government can and can't do to assist
Australians overseas. For consular assistance, see contact details below:
Australian Embassy, Bangkok
37 South Sathorn Road,
Bangkok, THAILAND
Telephone: (66 2) 344 6300
Facsimile: (66 2) 344 6310
Website: www.thailand.embassy.gov.au
Australian Consulate, Phuket

14. 77/77 Unit 6D, CCM Complex, Moo 5
Charlermprakiat Rama 9 Road
Phuket, THAILAND
Telephone: (66 76) 510 111
Australian Consulate, Chiang Mai
Jinda Charoen Konsong
236 Chiangmai-Doi Saket Road
Amphur Sansai
Chiang Mai, THAILAND
Telephone: (66 53) 492 480
Facsimile: (66 53) 492 426
Australian Consulate, Koh Samui
Koh Samui
Surat Thani, THAILAND
Contact through the Australian Embassy, Bangkok
If you are travelling to Thailand, whatever the reason and however long you'll be there, we
encourage you to register with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. You can register online
or in person at any Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate. The information you provide
will help us to contact you in an emergency - whether it is a natural disaster, civil disturbance or a
family issue.
In a consular emergency if you are unable to contact the Embassy, you can contact the 24-hour
Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or 1300 555 135 within Australia.
Additional information
Natural disasters, severe weather and climate
Severe storms and widespread seasonal flooding, including flash floods, can occur without warning
in Thailand, particularly during the local wet season from May to October, but can occur at other
times. Disruptions to transport (air, sea, road and rail), electricity and communications are likely
during severe weather events and you should check with your tour operator for the latest
information on disruptions. You should follow the instructions of local disaster management
authorities and monitor media and weather reports. You should not enter areas affected by flooding
or landslides without seeking advice from local authorities.

15. The Mekong River Commission website contains information on flood levels for the Mekong River.
Travellers should follow instructions from local authorities, monitor media and weather reports, and
check with tour operators before travelling to affected areas.
Earthquakes can occur in Thailand. In the event of an earthquake you should follow the advice of
local authorities and monitor the media for the latest information. For the latest earthquake
information, visit the Thai Meteorological Department website.
An earthquake with the magnitude of 6.3 affected seven districts of Chiang Rai province on 5 May
2014. Damage was caused to some buildings.
All oceanic regions of the world can experience tsunamis, but in the Indian and Pacific Oceans there
is a more frequent occurrence of large, destructive tsunamis because of the many large earthquakes
along major tectonic plate boundaries and ocean trenches. See the Tsunami Awareness brochure.
Information on natural disasters can be obtained from the Humanitarian Early Warning Service. If a
natural disaster occurs, follow the advice of local authorities.
Wildlife
Australians are advised to respect wildlife laws and to maintain a safe and legal distance when
observing wildlife, including marine animals and birds. You should only use reputable and
professional guides or tour operators and closely follow park regulations and wardens' advice.
Additional Resources
For additional general and economic information to assist travelling in this country, see the
following links:
http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/Thailand