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Tcp/ip Protocol presentation on Networking .pptx

The document discusses various networking devices, focusing on their functionalities, types, and OSI model layers. Key devices include hubs, bridges, switches, and the concept of multilayer switching, with explanations on how each operates within the network architecture. Additionally, it outlines the distinctions between layer-specific switches, such as layer-3 and layer-4 switches, and their capabilities in enhancing network efficiency.

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OBJECTIVES: To get familiar with the networking devices and their working
Network Hardware – Network Interface Card  Network Interface Card (NIC)  Network adapter card  Ethernet Card  LAN card  Types of NICs  Media Specific  Network Design Specific OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
Network Hardware - Hub Hub  An unintelligent network device that sends one signal to all of the stations connected to it.  All computers/devices are competing for attention because it takes the data that comes into a port and sends it out all the other ports in the hub.  Traditionally, hubs are used for star topology networks, but they are often used with other configurations to make it easy to add and remove computers without bringing down the network.  Resides on Layer 1 of the OSI model OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
CSMA/CD
Network Hardware - Hub Hub Two types based on ports Ethernet HUB Combo HUB Types of HUB  Passive HUB  Active HUB OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
Network Hardware Repeater  Used to boost the signal between two cable segments or wireless access points.  Can not connect different network architecture.  Does not simply amplify the signal, it regenerates the packets and retimes them.  Resides on Layer 1 of the OSI model. OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
Network Hardware Bridge  Connects two LANs and forwards or filters data packets between them.  Creates an extended network in which any two workstations on the linked LANs can share data.  Transparent to protocols and to higher level devices like routers.  Forward data depending on the Hardware (MAC) address, not the Network address (IP).  Resides on Layer 2 of the OSI model. OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
Network Hardware Switch  Split large networks into small segments, decreasing the number of users sharing the same network resources and bandwidth.  Understands when two devices want to talk to each other, and gives them a switched connection  Helps prevent data collisions and reduces network congestion, increasing network performance.  Resides on Layer 2 of the OSI model. OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
Switch Working
Remember!  Remember, there are three things that switches do that, hubs do not: Hardware address learning Intelligent forwarding of frames Loop avoidance
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Remember That! Routers separate broadcast and collision domains. Switches separate collision domains. Hubs belong to only one collision domain. Switches and hubs both only belong to one broadcast domain.
VLANs – A Layer-2 or Layer-3 Function?  By default, a switch will forward both broadcasts and multicasts out every port but the originating port.  However, a switch can be logically segmented into multiple broadcast domains, using Virtual LANs (or VLANs).  Broadcasts from one VLAN will not be forwarded to another VLAN. The logical separation provided by VLANs is not a Layer-3 function. VLAN tags are inserted into the Layer-2 header.  Remember, though VLANs provide separation for Layer-3 broadcast domains, they are still a Layer-2 function.
Multilayer Switching  Multilayer switching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
Network Hardware Router  A device that connects any number of LANs.  Uses standardized protocols to move packets efficiently to their destination.  More sophisticated than bridges, connecting networks of different types (for example, star and token ring)  Forwards data depending on the Network address (IP), not the Hardware (MAC) address.  Routers are the only one of these four devices that will allow you to share a single IP address among multiple network clients.  Resides on Layer 3 of the OSI model. OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
Assignment 3 1. Differentiate b/w HUB and REPEATER? 2. Differentiate b/w BRIDGE and SWITCH? 3. Differentiate b/w ROUTER and SWITCH?
THANKS

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Tcp/ip Protocol presentation on Networking .pptx

  • 1.
    OBJECTIVES: To get familiarwith the networking devices and their working
  • 2.
    Network Hardware –Network Interface Card  Network Interface Card (NIC)  Network adapter card  Ethernet Card  LAN card  Types of NICs  Media Specific  Network Design Specific OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
  • 3.
    Network Hardware -Hub Hub  An unintelligent network device that sends one signal to all of the stations connected to it.  All computers/devices are competing for attention because it takes the data that comes into a port and sends it out all the other ports in the hub.  Traditionally, hubs are used for star topology networks, but they are often used with other configurations to make it easy to add and remove computers without bringing down the network.  Resides on Layer 1 of the OSI model OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
  • 4.
  • 5.
    Network Hardware -Hub Hub Two types based on ports Ethernet HUB Combo HUB Types of HUB  Passive HUB  Active HUB OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
  • 6.
    Network Hardware Repeater  Usedto boost the signal between two cable segments or wireless access points.  Can not connect different network architecture.  Does not simply amplify the signal, it regenerates the packets and retimes them.  Resides on Layer 1 of the OSI model. OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
  • 7.
    Network Hardware Bridge  Connectstwo LANs and forwards or filters data packets between them.  Creates an extended network in which any two workstations on the linked LANs can share data.  Transparent to protocols and to higher level devices like routers.  Forward data depending on the Hardware (MAC) address, not the Network address (IP).  Resides on Layer 2 of the OSI model. OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
  • 8.
    Network Hardware Switch  Splitlarge networks into small segments, decreasing the number of users sharing the same network resources and bandwidth.  Understands when two devices want to talk to each other, and gives them a switched connection  Helps prevent data collisions and reduces network congestion, increasing network performance.  Resides on Layer 2 of the OSI model. OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
  • 9.
  • 10.
    Remember!  Remember, thereare three things that switches do that, hubs do not: Hardware address learning Intelligent forwarding of frames Loop avoidance
  • 11.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 12.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 13.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 14.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 15.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 16.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 17.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 18.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 19.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 20.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 21.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 22.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 23.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 24.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 25.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 26.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 27.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 28.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 29.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 30.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 31.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 32.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 33.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 34.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 35.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 36.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 37.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 38.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 39.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 40.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 41.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 42.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 43.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 44.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 45.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 50.
    Remember That! Routers separatebroadcast and collision domains. Switches separate collision domains. Hubs belong to only one collision domain. Switches and hubs both only belong to one broadcast domain.
  • 51.
    VLANs – ALayer-2 or Layer-3 Function?  By default, a switch will forward both broadcasts and multicasts out every port but the originating port.  However, a switch can be logically segmented into multiple broadcast domains, using Virtual LANs (or VLANs).  Broadcasts from one VLAN will not be forwarded to another VLAN. The logical separation provided by VLANs is not a Layer-3 function. VLAN tags are inserted into the Layer-2 header.  Remember, though VLANs provide separation for Layer-3 broadcast domains, they are still a Layer-2 function.
  • 52.
    Multilayer Switching  Multilayerswitching is a generic term, referring to any switch that forwards traffic at layers higher than Layer-2. Thus, a Layer-3 switch is considered a multilayer switch, as it forwards frames at Layer-2 and packets at Layer-3.  A Layer-4 switch provides the same functionality as a Layer-3 switch, but will additionally examine and cache Transport-layer application flow information, such as the TCP or UDP port.  Some advanced multilayer switches can provide load balancing, content management, and other application-level services. These switches are sometimes referred to as Layer-7 switches.
  • 53.
    Network Hardware Router  Adevice that connects any number of LANs.  Uses standardized protocols to move packets efficiently to their destination.  More sophisticated than bridges, connecting networks of different types (for example, star and token ring)  Forwards data depending on the Network address (IP), not the Hardware (MAC) address.  Routers are the only one of these four devices that will allow you to share a single IP address among multiple network clients.  Resides on Layer 3 of the OSI model. OSI Model Layers 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical
  • 54.
    Assignment 3 1. Differentiateb/w HUB and REPEATER? 2. Differentiate b/w BRIDGE and SWITCH? 3. Differentiate b/w ROUTER and SWITCH?
  • 55.