The document discusses the political system and structure of administration in Malaysia. It explains that Malaysia has a democratic government composed of three ruling bodies: the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary. The Legislature is made up of the King and two houses of parliament. The Executive consists of the Cabinet. The Judiciary branch includes various courts like the Federal Court. Each branch has separate functions and powers according to the principle of separation of powers.

1. MALAYSIAN STUDIES
POLITICAL SYSTEM
&
STRUCTURE OF
ADMINISTRATION IN MALAYSIA

2. LEARNING OUTCOME
By end of this topic, you should be able to;
1) Explain the system of Malaysian Governance
2) Identify the three main ruling bodies (Legislature, Executive & Judiciary)
3) Discus the function of the Legislature, Executive & Judiciaries bodies
4) Differentiate the functions and role of each ruling bodies

3. THE UNIQUENESS OF
MALAYSIAN POLITICAL
SYSTEM

5. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE

6. THEORY OF SEPARATION OF POWER
3 important bodies.
PURPOSE : Division of roles based on the theory of power division to avoid
misuse of power, interference from one body with another and as a
check and balance measure.
a) Legislative - His Royal Highness (Paramount Ruler), Senate (Dewan
Negara), House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat).
b) Executive – Cabinet
c) Judiciary - Federal Court, High Court, Session’s Court, Martial & Syariah
Court etc.

8. MODEL OF POWER DISTRIBUTION
FOR 3 BODIES
H i s R o y a l
H ig h n e s s
( Y a n g D i- P e r t u a n
A g o n g )
S e n a te
( D e w a n
N e g a r a )
D E M O C R A T I C G O V E R N M E N T
H o u s e o f
R e p r e s e n ta t iv e s
( D e w a n
R a k y a t )
L e g is la ti o n
( P a r lia m e n t)
E x e c u t iv e
C a b in e t
F e d e r a l
C o u r t
C o u r t o f
A p p e a l
H i g h
C o u r ts
H i g h C o u r t
o f M a l a y a
H i g h C o u r t
S a b a h &
S a r a w a k
S u p e r io r
C o u r ts
M a g is t r a te
C o u r t
S e s s io n s
C o u r t
J u v e n ile
C o u r t
S u b o r d i n a te
C o u r t s
J u d ic ia r y
H is R o y a l H ig h n e s s
H e a d o f t h e C o u n t r y

9. LEGISLATIVE
H is R o y a l H ig h n e s s
( Y a n g D i- P e rtu a n
A g o n g )
S e n a te
(D e w a n
N e g a r a )
H o u s e o f
R e p re s e n ta tiv e s
(D e w a n R a k y a t)
L e g is la tio n
(P a r lia m e n t)
www.parlimen.gov.my

10. LEGISLATIVE
• Parliament = the body that made laws.
• Practices Parliamentary Democracy with Constitutional
Monarchy.
• A system of democracy based on the Federation system.
• Made up of 3 components:
a) His Royal Highness (Yang di-Pertuan Agong)
b) Senate (Dewan Negara)
c) House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat)

11. LEGISLATIVE –
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS
• The Council of Rulers elects His Royal Highness (HRH) as
Paramount Ruler of the country a period of 5 years.
• His Highness carries out the following duties:-
a) elects the Prime Minister
b) calls & ends for parliamentary proceedings (following the
advice of the Prime Minister)
c) calls for the Council of Ruler’s Meeting

12. LEGISLATIVE – SENATE
• Known as Senators, can only serve for 3 years.
• Approved Bills (laws) & passes to HRH for approval.
• Must be 30 years old and above.
• Consists of 69 senators in 3 categories:-
a) 29 members from the 14 states (including Federal Territory of
Labuan & KL).
b) 40 members who are elected by HRH - excellent contributions in the
public service, trade, manufacturing, agriculture, cultural activities,
community service or represent minority groups etc.

13. LEGISLATIVE –
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 222 elected members through General Election held every 5
years.
 Parties with the most votes can form a government to rule the
country.
 Function = is to make laws and discuss matters concerning
the people and the country’s internal & external affairs.
 Prior for approval in the Senate.

14. LEGISLATIVE –
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 A Bill originates in the Dewan Rakyat.
 Once approved, it is tabled in Senate for another debate.
 After that, Bill will be approved before being presented to HRH
for his consent.
 The Bill will be gazetted (approved) in the form of 'Government
Gazette', thus making the Bill a law as stated in the Government
Gazette..

15. THE LAW-MAKING – 6 PROCESS
Assent of the His Royal Highness (HRH).
House of Representatives & Senate passed law through
1st Reading, 2nd Reading, Committee Stage & 3rd Reading.
Minister obtains permission from the Cabinet to draft Bill.
The Bill is prepared with the co-operation of
Attorney-General & Minister.
Minister obtains permission from Cabinet for
basic elements of the Bill.
Minister draws up rough outline of elements of Bill with the
help of his officers in the Ministry concern.

16. His Royal Highness
& Her Royal Highness
Parliament Building standing majestically
symbolizing democracy
Senate
(Dewan Negara)
House of Representatives
(Dewan Rakyat)

17. EXECUTIVE

18. EXECUTIVE
E x e c u t i v e
C a b i n e t
M in is t e r s & D e p u t y M in is t e r s
2 5 M i n i s t r i e s
Transport
Works
Human
Resources
Agriculture
Culture, Arts
& Tourism
Defence
Domestic Trade &
Consumer Affairs
Education
Entrepreneur Dev.
Housing & Local
Government
Information
Int. Trade &
Industry
Land & Coop.
Development
Nat. Unity &
Social Dev.
Primary Industries
Finance
Foreign Affairs
Home Affairs
Health
Prime Minister’s Dept.
Rural Dev.
Youth & Sports
Women &
Family Dev.
Science, Tech. &
Environment
Energy, Comm.
& Multimedia

19. CABINET OF MALAYSIAN
GOVERNMENT
 Cabinet members head various ministries.
 A minister will present the Cabinet his / her plan & reports
of carrying out a policy under his / her ministry.
 Chief of the government civil service is the country’s
Chief Secretary (Ketua Setiausaha Negara - KSN).

20. LETS TAKE A BREAK 

21. JUDICIARY
S u p r e m e
C o u r t
C o u r t
o f A p p e a l
H ig h
C o u r t
H ig h C o u r t
o f M a la y a
H ig h C o u r t
o f B o r n e o
S u p e r io r C o u r ts
S e s s io n s
C o u r t
M a g is tr a te
C o u r t
J u v e n ile
C o u r t
S u b o r d in a te C o u r ts
J u d ic ia ry

22. HIERARCHY OF THE CIVIL
COURT

23. JUDICIARY
 The judiciary contains courts.
 The formation of judiciary is stated inside the
constitution. The constitution decides the rules
to ensure that the judiciary is free from fear or
favour.
 Judges are appointed by HRH with advice of
Prime Minister & after discussion with
Conference of Rulers.
 Judiciary is headed by Chief Justice (Ketua
Hakim) which is appointed from judges.

24. JUDICIARY – FEDERAL COURT
 Main function = to determine whether a law
made by Parliament or a State Legislature is
invalid on the ground that it makes provision
to a matter with respect to which Parliament or,
as the case may be, the State Legislature has
no power to make the law.
 Also makes final judgments on legal matters
which come before it on appeal from Court of
Appeal.
 The ultimate court in civil, criminal and
constitutional matters.

25. JUDICIARY – COURT OF APPEAL
 Appellate jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal
cases originating from High Court or
Sessions Court (criminal cases only).

26. JUDICIARY – HIGH COURT
 2 High Courts = Malaya (Peninsular)
= Sabah & Sarawak (Borneo)
 Consists of a Chief Judge and no less than 4
judges.
 Criminal – hear cases which carry death
penalty.
 Civil - in divorce & matrimonial causes,
bankruptcy & company cases, appointment
and control of guardians of infants, disabled
persons & their property & grant of probates of
wills and letters of administration.

27. JUDICIARY – SESSIONS COURT
 Criminal - has jurisdiction to try all offences
other than offences punishable with death.
 Civil - running down cases, landlord and
tenant & distress;
- try other suits where the amount in
dispute does not exceed RM250,000
- with the consent of the parties involved, to
try cases exceeding RM250,000 but the award
is limited to the statutory limit of RM250,000
only.

28. JUDICIARY – MAGISTRATE
 Criminal - jurisdiction to try all offences where
maximum term of imprisonment does not
exceed 10 years & punishable with fine only.
(Eg. = robbery or housebreaking).
 Civil - suits of a civil nature where the amount in
dispute does not exceed RM25,000.
 Pass any sentence allowed by law not exceed:
a) 5 years imprisonment
b) a fine of RM10,000.00
c) whipping up to 12 strokes or
d) any combination of the sentence above.

29. Federal Court of Malaysia
Sultan Abdul Samad Building
Inside the Federal Court …

30. TEST
• Three major components makeup the administration
of the Malaysian government. What are the three
components? Explain the three components in
detail.
• Sistem pentadbiran Malaysia terdiri daripada tiga
komponen utama. Apakah tiga komponen tersebut?
Jelaskan ketiga tiga komponen tersebut secara
terperinci.