Currently, the State of Bahia is characterized by the existence of gigantic social in regional development imbalances that are demanding deep structural changes that contribute to: 1) the economic decentralization of the State of Bahia; 2) overcoming the secular economic backwardness of the semiarid; and, 3) a drastic reduction of poverty of its population. All these actions will be successful only if carried out a thorough reform of the administrative machinery of the government with the administrative decentralization of the state of Bahia through the creation of regional structures that enable the integration of actions by federal, state and local governments to promote the development of each Bahia region.