1. Computer networks allow for the sharing of resources and files between connected devices. They provide advantages like increased storage capacity, cost efficiency through shared software/resources, and remote access to files.
2. However, networks also present disadvantages such as security issues from unauthorized access, rapid virus spreading, and dependency on main servers for access.
3. The core components of a network include network interface cards, switches, routers, servers and transmission medium. Communication between devices can occur through simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex modes. Protocols govern the accurate and timely delivery of data messages from sender to receiver across the medium.
Este documento resume los diferentes tipos de hepatitis virales (A, B, C, D, E y G). Explica cómo se transmiten cada uno, sus síntomas y formas de diagnóstico. La hepatitis A se transmite a través de alimentos o agua contaminada, mientras que la hepatitis B y C se transmiten a través de fluidos corporales. La hepatitis D solo infecta a personas que ya tienen hepatitis B. Los principales métodos de diagnóstico incluyen pruebas serológicas, detección de ARN viral y PCR. Cada virus de hepatitis pertenece a una fam
Dokumen tersebut memberikan instruksi tentang cara membuat tabel, grafik, dan diagram menggunakan aplikasi TIK. Langkah-langkah dasarnya adalah memilih opsi Insert, kemudian memilih jenis objek (tabel, grafik, diagram) dan format yang diinginkan, lalu meng-klik tombol Oke atau Ya.
El resumen analiza el blog de un profesor y destaca sus fortalezas y debilidades. Entre las fortalezas se encuentran que los aportes son colaborativos y que se exige cumplir plazos para realizarlos. Entre las debilidades está que no reconoce el aprendizaje significativo de los alumnos ni conoce la devolución de cada actividad. Finaliza describiendo un video sobre tecnologías de la información y comunicación.
El documento describe el problema de contaminación en Xicotepec de Juárez, Puebla, México debido a un basurero a cielo abierto llamado El Zoquital. El basurero recibe 50 toneladas de desechos diarios sin tratamiento, contaminando ríos y acuíferos. La propuesta es cerrar El Zoquital y crear una nueva instalación para separar y procesar desechos de manera sostenible.
This document defines and describes different types of natural disasters including earthquakes, droughts, thunderstorms, and volcanic eruptions. It explains that earthquakes are caused by sudden movements within the earth and have an epicenter and focus. Volcanic eruptions occur when magma rises from below the surface through cracks or vents. Drought is defined as a severe shortage of water supply caused by lack of rainfall. Thunderstorms include heavy rain, hail, lightning, and can sometimes spawn tornadoes. There are three types of volcanoes: dormant, active, and extinct.
1. Computer networks allow for the sharing of resources and files between connected devices. They provide advantages like increased storage capacity, cost efficiency through shared software/resources, and remote access to files.
2. However, networks also present disadvantages such as security issues from unauthorized access, rapid virus spreading, and dependency on main servers for access.
3. The core components of a network include network interface cards, switches, routers, servers and transmission medium. Communication between devices can occur through simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex modes. Protocols govern the accurate and timely delivery of data messages from sender to receiver across the medium.
Este documento resume los diferentes tipos de hepatitis virales (A, B, C, D, E y G). Explica cómo se transmiten cada uno, sus síntomas y formas de diagnóstico. La hepatitis A se transmite a través de alimentos o agua contaminada, mientras que la hepatitis B y C se transmiten a través de fluidos corporales. La hepatitis D solo infecta a personas que ya tienen hepatitis B. Los principales métodos de diagnóstico incluyen pruebas serológicas, detección de ARN viral y PCR. Cada virus de hepatitis pertenece a una fam
Dokumen tersebut memberikan instruksi tentang cara membuat tabel, grafik, dan diagram menggunakan aplikasi TIK. Langkah-langkah dasarnya adalah memilih opsi Insert, kemudian memilih jenis objek (tabel, grafik, diagram) dan format yang diinginkan, lalu meng-klik tombol Oke atau Ya.
El resumen analiza el blog de un profesor y destaca sus fortalezas y debilidades. Entre las fortalezas se encuentran que los aportes son colaborativos y que se exige cumplir plazos para realizarlos. Entre las debilidades está que no reconoce el aprendizaje significativo de los alumnos ni conoce la devolución de cada actividad. Finaliza describiendo un video sobre tecnologías de la información y comunicación.
El documento describe el problema de contaminación en Xicotepec de Juárez, Puebla, México debido a un basurero a cielo abierto llamado El Zoquital. El basurero recibe 50 toneladas de desechos diarios sin tratamiento, contaminando ríos y acuíferos. La propuesta es cerrar El Zoquital y crear una nueva instalación para separar y procesar desechos de manera sostenible.
This document defines and describes different types of natural disasters including earthquakes, droughts, thunderstorms, and volcanic eruptions. It explains that earthquakes are caused by sudden movements within the earth and have an epicenter and focus. Volcanic eruptions occur when magma rises from below the surface through cracks or vents. Drought is defined as a severe shortage of water supply caused by lack of rainfall. Thunderstorms include heavy rain, hail, lightning, and can sometimes spawn tornadoes. There are three types of volcanoes: dormant, active, and extinct.
Este documento describe diferentes métodos anticonceptivos como preservativos, diafragmas, dispositivos intrauterinos, píldoras anticonceptivas, inyecciones hormonales e implantes, así como métodos quirúrgicos como la vasectomía y ligadura de trompas. También explica qué son las enfermedades de transmisión sexual e identifica algunas comunes como el chancro, clamidia, gonorrea, herpes y VIH/SIDA. Finalmente, concluye enfatizando la importancia de usar condones durante las relaciones sexuales
The enhanced Graphisoft BIM Server provides a platform for Teamwork projects with multiple members to work on a model and its documentation, both within the office and through the Internet.
Unlike other solutions on the market, only changes in the model are synchronised with the BIM Server, dramatically reducing the amount of data being transferred. By reducing the file size of these interactions, your team can work together in real-time across your network and through standard internet connections from virtually anywhere in the world.
Mohd Sabri Ahmad is a senior equipment engineer with over 25 years of experience. He currently works for Penang Seagate Industries in Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia, where he oversees equipment maintenance and performance improvement projects. Throughout his career, Sabri has held various engineering roles with increasing responsibility, managing teams and implementing cost-saving initiatives. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Electrical/Electronic Engineering and has received extensive training in Lean manufacturing and Six Sigma methods.
3. Stage1 코드
Stack을 이용한 프로그램. 파일을 한 글자씩 Stack에 Push
해서 한 줄을 읽어들이고 다시 Pop해서 한 글자씩 출력해 결과
적으로 line-by-line으로 2개의 파일을 reverse-merge 하는
프로그램.
문자열을 뒤집는 함수를 만들지 않고 바로 Stack을 통해 출력
한다는 점이 간편했었음.
4. Stage1 코드 소요시간
template 108.55211 115.78331 106.67649 113.37243 107.07607 110.292081
Reverse/merge(v1) 106.5771 101.40357 101.26789 104.43641 107.16964 104.170922
final(v3) 66.230124 75.91081 78.949841 73.23087 78.204549 74.5052388
실행횟수
버전
시간단위 : 초
1 2 3 4 5 평균
5. Stage1 코드 설명
기본적인 Stack의 크기는 우선 100으로
해놓고 후에 메모리 공간이 더 필요하게
될 경우를 대비해 realloced 변수 선언
해 놓음
readaline 함수는 한 line을 한 글자씩
Stack에 Push하는 함수
reverse_out 함수는 Stack의 글자를
한 글자씩 출력해 역순으로 출력되게끔
하는 함수
IsEmpty 함수는 Stack이 비었는지 확
인해주는 함수, Push 함수는 Stack에
값 하나를 밀어넣는 함수, Pop 함수는
Stack에서 값 하나를 꺼내는 함수.
6. 한 글자씩 Stack에 Push하고, 만
약 Stack의 크기가 한 line의 크기
보다 작을 경우 realloced 변수 값
을 하나 증가시킨 다음
STACK_SIZE * realloced 크기
만큼 메모리를 다시 할당한다.
7. Stack에 있던 글자들
을 !IsEmpty가 아닌 동안 Pop
하게 되면 결과적으로 뒤집어진
한 line을 fout에 출력하게 된
다. 한 줄을 readaline 함수로
읽어들이고 바로
reverse_out 함수로 역순으
로 출력하는 과정을 file1,
file2 돌아가면서 반복한다.
9. Stage1과 달라진 점은?
fgetc와 fputs를 쓰는 것이 overhead를 상당히 많이 차지했다.
그 부분이 비효율적이라 판단이 되어서 Push와 Pop 등의 함수
를 필요로 하는 Stack을 사용하지 않기로 함.
따라서 100MB 파일을 fread 함수로 한 번에 읽어오는 방식을
택함.
10. Stage2 코드
100MB 짜리 파일 2개를 fread를 통해 각각 한 번에 읽어온
다.
strtok_r 함수를 써서 ‘n’ 문자를 기준으로 문장을 읽어들이
고 f_out 파일에 출력한다. 이 과정이 file1과 file2에서 반복
된다.
f_out 파일에 출력할 때는 fwrite 함수를 사용한다.
11. Stage2 코드 설명
fread 함수로 100MB를 한번에 읽
어오기 위해 SIZE 라는 상수를
1024 * 1024 * 100으로 잡았다.
fout 파일에 출력하기 전에 문자열
을 먼저 뒤집어 주기 위해서 문자열
뒤집기 함수도 따로 만들어 줌.
12. 버퍼 2개, strtok_r 함수에서 한 line
을 읽어올 때 쓰일 line 시작과 끝을 나
타내줄 char형포인터 변수 선언.
버퍼1, 버퍼2 모두 100MB씩 동적할
당 해줌.
fread 함수로 버퍼1과 버퍼2에
100MB씩 한 번에 읽어옴.
13. start point 변수1, 2 모두 strtok_r 함
수가 ‘n’ 기준으로 문자열을 잘랐을 때의
포인터 값으로 해줌.
strtok_r가 반환한 포인터는 token ‘n’
을 포함하지 않으므로 fputc 함수로 ‘n’
따로 출력
strtok_r 함수가 반환한 포인터가 둘다
NULL일 때까지 반복.
14. Stage2 코드 실행시간
template 108.55211 115.78331 106.67649 113.37243 107.07607 110.292081
Reverse/merge(v1) 106.5771 101.40357 101.26789 104.43641 107.16964 104.170922
final(v3) 66.230124 75.91081 78.949841 73.23087 78.204549 74.5052388
stage2 26.31586 40.876017 30.774619 29.260346 29.210764 31.2875212
실행횟수
버전
시간단위 : 초
1 2 3 4 5 평균
110.292081/31.2875212 = 0.28379
→성능이 약 3.53배 향상되었다!!!
