Household disposal of pharmaceuticals” a risk to the environment (A SURVEY)Gulzar Alam
The presence of pharmaceuticals are the nearly ubiquitous pollutants in both ground and surface waters environment, has become a cause for increasing concern in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the household disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals as a source of pharmaceuticals in the environment. The survey was carried out in major cities i.e. Ahemedabad, Gandhi Nagar, Amreli, Rajkot, and Vadodra of Gujarat state. We used the information on when and how they disposed of unfinished pharmaceuticals to construct a conceptual model to assess the pathways of pharmaceuticals into the environment. The model demonstrated that disposal of unused pharmaceuticals, either by household waste or via the sink or toilet, may be a prominent route that requires greater attention. This survey reveals important data regarding awareness, economics and other aspects regarding the use of household pharmaceuticals. So, overall conclusion of survey that the household disposal of pharmaceuticals among peoples in different place in Gujarat is very harmful for the environment and human health. Keywords: Pharmaceuticals, Pollutants, Household Disposal, Sink or Toilet
Household disposal of pharmaceuticals” a risk to the environment (A SURVEY)Gulzar Alam
The presence of pharmaceuticals are the nearly ubiquitous pollutants in both ground and surface waters environment, has become a cause for increasing concern in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the household disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals as a source of pharmaceuticals in the environment. The survey was carried out in major cities i.e. Ahemedabad, Gandhi Nagar, Amreli, Rajkot, and Vadodra of Gujarat state. We used the information on when and how they disposed of unfinished pharmaceuticals to construct a conceptual model to assess the pathways of pharmaceuticals into the environment. The model demonstrated that disposal of unused pharmaceuticals, either by household waste or via the sink or toilet, may be a prominent route that requires greater attention. This survey reveals important data regarding awareness, economics and other aspects regarding the use of household pharmaceuticals. So, overall conclusion of survey that the household disposal of pharmaceuticals among peoples in different place in Gujarat is very harmful for the environment and human health. Keywords: Pharmaceuticals, Pollutants, Household Disposal, Sink or Toilet
Investigation of anthelmintic, anti inflammatory activity of leaves extract o...Gulzar Alam
ABSTRACT
From ancient time Acacia catechu Willd. (AC) is used as a potent medicinal. Preliminary phytochemical tests were conducted with the crude extract obtained
from the leaves of AC reveals the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, flavones, and phenolic. Anthelmintic activity
of petroleum ether, ethanolic and ethanol:water (1:1) extracts of leaves of AC was evaluated by adult Indian earthworm, (Pheretima posthuma). The
anthelmintic activity of extract was compared with standard albendazole. Ethanol:water (1:1) extract was found to possess potent anthelmintic activity and
petroleum ether extract was found to be least active, while ethanol:water (1:1) extract playing an intermediate role. The anti-inflammatory activity of leaves
extracts at the doses of 300mg/kg body weight was investigated in albino rats of wiester strain using carrageenan induced rat paw oedema. The ethanol extract
of leaves showed significant anti- inflammatory activity (45%) when compared with the standard (54%). Further studies are suggested to isolate the active
principles which are responsible for the anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory activity.
Keywords: Acacia catechu Willd., Leaves extracts, Phytochemical tests, Anthelmintic & Anti-inflammatory activity,
Wound healing potential of some medicinal plantsGulzar Alam
ABSTRACT
Wounds are inescapable events in life. Wounds may arise due to physical, chemical or microbial agents. Healing is survival
mechanism and represents an attempt to maintain normal anatomical structure and function. Wound healing is a process by which
tissue regeneration occurs. Plants and their extracts have immense potential for the management and treatment of wounds. The
phyto-medicines for wound healing are not only cheap and affordable but are also purportedly safe as hyper sensitive reactions are
rarely encountered with the use of these agents. These natural agents induce healing and regeneration of the lost tissue by multiple
mechanisms. In this review we have made an attempt to give an insight into the different plants having potential wound healing
properties which could be beneficial in therapeutic practice.
Keywords: Wounds, Wound healing, Herbs, Phyto-medicines.
Investigation of anthelmintic, anti inflammatory activity of leaves extract o...Gulzar Alam
ABSTRACT
From ancient time Acacia catechu Willd. (AC) is used as a potent medicinal. Preliminary phytochemical tests were conducted with the crude extract obtained
from the leaves of AC reveals the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, flavones, and phenolic. Anthelmintic activity
of petroleum ether, ethanolic and ethanol:water (1:1) extracts of leaves of AC was evaluated by adult Indian earthworm, (Pheretima posthuma). The
anthelmintic activity of extract was compared with standard albendazole. Ethanol:water (1:1) extract was found to possess potent anthelmintic activity and
petroleum ether extract was found to be least active, while ethanol:water (1:1) extract playing an intermediate role. The anti-inflammatory activity of leaves
extracts at the doses of 300mg/kg body weight was investigated in albino rats of wiester strain using carrageenan induced rat paw oedema. The ethanol extract
of leaves showed significant anti- inflammatory activity (45%) when compared with the standard (54%). Further studies are suggested to isolate the active
principles which are responsible for the anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory activity.
Keywords: Acacia catechu Willd., Leaves extracts, Phytochemical tests, Anthelmintic & Anti-inflammatory activity,
Wound healing potential of some medicinal plantsGulzar Alam
ABSTRACT
Wounds are inescapable events in life. Wounds may arise due to physical, chemical or microbial agents. Healing is survival
mechanism and represents an attempt to maintain normal anatomical structure and function. Wound healing is a process by which
tissue regeneration occurs. Plants and their extracts have immense potential for the management and treatment of wounds. The
phyto-medicines for wound healing are not only cheap and affordable but are also purportedly safe as hyper sensitive reactions are
rarely encountered with the use of these agents. These natural agents induce healing and regeneration of the lost tissue by multiple
mechanisms. In this review we have made an attempt to give an insight into the different plants having potential wound healing
properties which could be beneficial in therapeutic practice.
Keywords: Wounds, Wound healing, Herbs, Phyto-medicines.