جنوبی ایشیا میں نوجوانوں کے لیے روزگار کے مواقع

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Sustainable Development Policy Institute

جنوبی ایشیا میں نوجوانوں کے لیے روزگار کے مواقع پائیدار ترقیاتی اہداف کے پہلے ایک ہزار ایام کے لیے خلاصہ اور مجوزہ پالیسی اقدامات انعم خان ، ڈاکٹر وقار احمد ،حامد محمود،فضل حسین اور سماویہ بتول Reforms for Youth Employment

Economy & Finance

1) El documento define varios términos económicos clave como commodity, reservas, tipo de cambio, base monetaria, impuestos, PBI, balanza de pagos, balanza comercial, revaluación, devaluación e inflación. 2) Explica que una commodity es un producto genérico destinado al comercio y que las reservas son beneficios no distribuidos que se utilizan para autofinanciación. 3) Describe el tipo de cambio como la tasa entre dos divisas y cómo expresa la cantidad de una divisa necesaria para

شركة عربية اون لاين للوساطة فى الاوراق المالية

البورصة المصرية | شركة عربية اون لاين | التحليل الفني | 26-12-2016 | بورصة | الاسهم اضغط على الرابط التالى لتحميل التقرير http://bit.ly/2ivy1FW او http://bit.ly/2hqc1R6 للاستفسار اتصل بنا كل ايام الاسبوع وفى كل وقت: من داخل مصر phone: 01028433301 phone: 01062659261 من خارج مصر phone: +201028433301 phone: +201062659261 whatsapp : +201028433301 - +201062659261 تابعنا على : http://www.facebook.com/arabeyaonlinebrokerage http://www.twitter.com/arabeyaonline https://plus.google.com/108571848093597159716 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnwy2ydRQSax0_tc5TlGatA #شركة_عربية_اون_لاين_للوساطة_فى_الاوراق_المالية #تداول_الأسهم_عبر_الإنترنت #أسعار_الأسهم #تحليلات_فنية #سوق_الأسهم #تداول_الأسهم_المصرية #البورصة_المصرية #بورصة_مصر #شركات_السمسرة_فى_مصر #خدمات_الاستثمار #شراء_الأسهم_في_مصر #التداول_الالكتروني #البنوك #العقارات #السياحة #السيارات #الاتصالات #سعر_الدولار #سعر_الذهب #الدولار #اقتصاد #اموال #ذهب #مصر #دولار #البورصة #استثمار #اخبار_اقتصادية #أسهم #الأسهم #البورصة_نيوز #البورصة_العمومية #البورصة_الامريكية #البورصة_العالمية البورصة الدواجن اليوم البورصة السورية البورصة تربح البورصة القطرية البورصة تخسر البورصة البورصة اليوم البورصة يوتيوب البورصة يوم الخميس البورصة يوفنتوس البورصة يورو بورصة يورو بورصة يوم واحد بورصة يورو مقابل دولار بورصة يلوا بورصة يلوا ابانت بورصه يوتيوب ى هوامير البورصة البورصة والمال البورصة ويكيبيديا البورصة والاقتصاد البورصة وتعويم الجنيه البورصة والدولار البورصة واسعار العملات

Human Genetics and Craniofacial Development

Alwaleed Fahad

This document discusses the evolution of human genetic studies of craniofacial disorders such as orofacial clefts. It describes how studies have progressed from descriptive family studies and Mendelian genetics in the early 20th century to modern genome-wide association studies and genomic sequencing. Key developments include the ability to collect and analyze DNA from families to study linkage, perform candidate gene studies and genome-wide linkage analyses. The advent of widespread genomic sequencing in 2000 enabled unbiased genome-wide association studies to identify risk loci rather than genes. One example described used a GWAS to identify multiple gene loci associated with the age of emergence of primary teeth.

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AptarEvaluationNicholas Heyn

This document discusses the role of genetics in malocclusion. It begins by outlining that the influence of genetics versus environment in malocclusion has been debated. Genetics are clearly predominant in early development, but environment can also influence dentofacial morphology postnatally. Twin studies provide evidence that genetics play a strong role in many malocclusions and dental anomalies. Recent advances in molecular genetics have identified homeobox genes and other genes that control craniofacial development and dental patterning. A better understanding of genetics is needed to appreciate their influence and potential for manipulation in orthodontic treatment.

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The document discusses temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in orthodontics. It covers definitions of TMD, the historical background and classifications. The relationship between TMD and orthodontic treatment is examined. Etiology is multifactorial and can include anatomical, psychological and neuromuscular factors. Symptoms commonly seen in TMD include pain in the jaw joints or muscles, joint sounds like clicking or crepitus, and limited jaw movement. Epidemiological studies find a high prevalence of TMD signs and symptoms.

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Molar distalisation

Tony Pious

This document discusses various methods and appliances for distalizing maxillary molars, including removable and fixed options. Removable appliances discussed include extraoral traction using headgear as well as removable appliances with finger springs or sliding jigs. Fixed appliances discussed include intramaxillary devices like Wilson's 3D appliance as well as intermaxillary appliances like Herbst or Jasper Jumper. Factors like the presence of second molars, skeletal pattern, and growth prognosis must be considered when determining whether molar distalization is indicated.

Cephalometric analysis

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This document provides an overview of various cephalometric analyses used in orthodontics including Downs analysis, Steiner analysis, Tweed's analysis, McNamara analysis, and Wits appraisal. For each analysis, the document lists the skeletal and/or dental components that are measured and used to evaluate dental and facial proportions. The document is a reference guide for orthodontists and contains no analyses of any particular patient cases. It provides definitions and guidelines for different standardized orthodontic cephalometric analyses.

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This document discusses maxillo-mandibular records and occlusion for removable partial dentures (RPDs). It covers assessing the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and horizontal relationships, as well as determining centric relation. Methods for making jaw relation records including face bow transfers and bite registrations are described. The document also discusses considerations for developing occlusion for complete dentures, RPDs, and mixed dentition cases. Bilateral balanced occlusion is recommended when one arch is edentulous to prevent tipping of the denture and resorption. Anterior guidance is preferred for distal extension RPDs. Maintaining the ideal occlusal plane is also important.

Basic dental implant surgery/ cosmetic dentistry training

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This document provides an overview of basic implant surgery procedures. It discusses preoperative planning and patient preparation, sterile surgical techniques, flap design options, bone preparation using drills and taps, implant placement, cover screw installation, post-operative care, and recent advances like computer-guided surgery. Successful implant placement requires thorough planning, training on the selected implant system, and meticulous sterile technique to ensure predictable, long-lasting results.

5.retainers, clasp assemblies and indirect retainers

www.ffofr.org - Foundation for Oral Facial Rehabilitiation

This document provides information on retainers, clasp assemblies, and indirect retainers used in removable partial dentures. It discusses different types of direct retainers including "I-bar" and circumferential clasps. It describes the components of clasp assemblies including rests, clasps, minor connectors, and proximal plates. It also covers the concepts of reciprocation, which provides resistance to forces on teeth, and encirclement, where the clasp assembly needs to engage more than 180 degrees of the tooth circumference.

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Digital Trade Integration in Central Asia

Sustainable Development Policy Institute

This report sheds light on the significance of digital trade integration for Pakistan and selected Central Asian countries including Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Digital trade integration involves regulatory structures/policy designs, digital technologies, and business processes along the entire global/regional digital value chain. Digital trade integration requires free cross-border movement of not only digital products, services, and technologies but also other manufactured goods, data, capital, talent, and ideas along with the availability of integrated physical and virtual infrastructure. Hence, digital trade integration requires the removal of digital trade barriers as well as extensive technology, and legal and policy coordination between member states. Countries around the world have actively engaged in establishing new and progressive bilateral and regional trade agreements to boost trade and economic growth. The significance of digital trade has increased considerably after the COVID-19 pandemic. Improvement in digital connectivity, ease in regulations, and skilled workers are key factors to facilitate trade integration and promote the growth of the e-commerce sector. The report examines the regional trade agreements of Pakistan and selected Central Asian countries and their relevance for digital trade integration. It also scrutinizes the challenges faced by the public institutions of Pakistan in the implementation of digital trade policy. Besides this, the report also observes the challenges faced by SMEs dealing with digital trade-related products. The findings show that Pakistan and selected Central Asian countries are at different levels of digital adoption, including mobile connectivity index and download speed of mobile and broadband. Kazakhstan and Pakistan have a higher export and import volume compared with other countries. However, neither country has any major trading partner from the countries selected in this study, which demonstrates the lack of regional cooperation and the need for regional trade agreements to boost bilateral and regional trade. The report discusses the e-commerce laws of Pakistan and selected Central Asian countries, whereas domestic policies and measures to increase digital trade are also reviewed. The countries are at a different level in terms of implementing digital trade facilitation measures. Lack of effective enforcement of intellectual property rights, non-tariff measures, foreign investment restrictions in digital space, data and information costs, cyber security, and tax policy and administration are all key policy issues that influence digital trade integration. The study offers a way forward in which action points are provided for governments, the nongovernmental sector (notably, business associations and networks), academia and think tanks, and development partners. #DigitalTradeIntegration #RegionalTradeAgreements #EconomicGrowth #DigitalConnectivity #EcommerceLaws

Reducing Industrially Produced Trans Fatty Acids in Pakistan

Sustainable Development Policy Institute

The policy brief by the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) outlines the urgent need to address the high consumption of Industrially Produced Trans Fatty Acids (iTFA) in Pakistan, which poses significant health risks, particularly in contributing to cardiovascular diseases. Despite being the second-highest per capita consumer of iTFA in the WHO-Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pakistan lacks comprehensive regulations and enforcement mechanisms to mitigate iTFA consumption effectively. The brief recommends a multi-faceted approach involving uniform standards, transparent enforcement, public awareness campaigns, capacity building for regulatory authorities, and collaboration with the food industry to promote healthier alternatives. It highlights the importance of political commitment, intersectoral collaboration, and public-private dialogue to successfully eliminate iTFA from the food supply chain and improve public health outcomes in Pakistan.

Institutions, Regulations, Trade, and Industry

Sustainable Development Policy Institute

In his comprehensive analysis, Vaqar Ahmed highlights the challenges and impediments faced by Pakistan's trade and industrial policies, particularly concerning macroeconomic stability, energy shortages, rising costs, and regulatory constraints. The recent decline in the value of the Pakistani Rupee has further intensified issues for the manufacturing sector. The adverse macroeconomic conditions, including high inflation and a policy rate exceeding 20 percent, have hampered the sector's ability to secure working capital. Large firms' reluctance to operate in special economic zones due to supply-side gaps, coupled with global economic uncertainties, has delayed the next phase of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Ends with some policy recommendations.

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Digital trade is increasing rapidly throughout the world whereas digital platforms and Coronavirus have further enhanced the importance of the digital economy and digital trade. Countries are focusing on promoting digital trade and integration through various measures including free trade agreements and bilateral negotiations. This study examined digital trade as defined by WTO E-commerce work and USITC. The study included the items that come under the definition of digital trade and examined the digital trade volume of Pakistan from 2010-2020 through three-step methodology. This includes the identification of digital trade items based on Harmonized System at a six-digit level, examining trade volume for digital goods, and identification of top ten export and import items along with top ten markets for digital trade. Favorable government policies and measures have helped Pakistan in promoting digital trade flows. However, there is a need to develop information and communication technology infrastructure in Pakistan to flourish trading activities. Furthermore, Pakistan has to reduce the fiscal and trade barriers such as rules and regulations for foreign investment in digital space, data and information costs, and ensure online security and data protection to promote digital trade integration. by Asif Javed & Vaqar Ahmed

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