ملخص السلوك التنظيمي كلية العلوم الادارية والاقتصادية جامعة القدس المفتوحة

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‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻼﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ‬
‫دراﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺼﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﺟﻮﺑﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻮات‬ ‫اﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻮف‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﯿﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻛﺎدﯾﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎرات‬
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‫ﻋﻨﻮاﻧﻜﻢ‬
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‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮك‬
‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮك‬:‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻮاﻧﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
،‫واﻟﺤﻀﺎرة‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫وﺳﻠﻮك‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺪف‬.
‫أھﺪاف‬‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮك‬:
١(‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬.
٢(‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬.
٣(،‫واﻟﻮاﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫واﻟﻨﻈﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺠﻮة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ‬.
٤(‫اﻟﻔﺠﻮة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫واھﺪاف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت‬ ‫اھﺪاف‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬.
٥(‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ،‫ﺗﻠﺒﯿﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻓﺮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫واﻻﻧﺠﺎز‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬.
٦(‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬.
٧(‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬.
٨(‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫اداء‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬.
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﯿﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻟﺴﻠﻮك‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺛﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﻣﻞ‬ ‫وﻟﯿﺲ‬ ،‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎھﺮة‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬.
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬:‫وﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﮫ‬ ‫وﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺪرس‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪث‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬.
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬:‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﯾﮭﺘﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮع‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺘﻤﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬.
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬:‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﮭﺘﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮع‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
ً‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ً‫ﺔ‬‫ﺧﺎﺻ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
‫ا‬‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اھﺪاف‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬:‫ﯾﻨﺴﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ھﯿﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺴﺒﯿ‬ ‫داﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫اھﺪاف‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺮض‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﮭﻮد‬.
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‫اﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬:‫ﻛﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﻻي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬)‫واﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬(‫ﻣﺪﺧﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫وﻋ‬ ‫وﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎت‬‫واﻋﺘﻤﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ،‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﺟﺰاء‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺒﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬
‫واﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺒﺎدﻟﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬:،‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻘﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺪﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻤﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬
‫اﻻﺧﺮون‬ ‫ﯾﺮاھﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬.
‫اﻟﺬات‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻓﺎع‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اھﻢ‬:
١(‫اﻟﻜﺒﺖ‬:‫ﺷﻌﻮ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮة‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻧﺴﯿﺎن‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫او‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫ازﻋﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬ ،‫ﺣﺎدث‬ ‫ر،او‬
‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎءه‬ ‫او‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﯿ‬.‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬)‫ﻻﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬.(
٢(‫اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺮ‬:‫ﺑﺪون‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻘﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻠﻮك‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺒﻮل‬ ‫او‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬)‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل‬ ،‫ﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺪراﺳﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺲ‬.(
٣(‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬:‫ﺷﻲء‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻲء‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬
‫اﺧﺮ‬) .‫اﻟﻤﺮؤوﺳﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻀﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬.(
٤(‫اﻟﮭﺮوب‬ ،‫اﻻﻧﺴﺤﺎب‬:‫اﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫اذا‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﯿ‬ ‫او‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﺴﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺤﺎب‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫او‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺤﺒﻄ‬ً‫ا‬‫ﮭﺪد‬.‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬)‫ﻣﻦ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻨﺴﺤﺒ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻘﯿﻞ‬ ،‫ﯾﺴﺘﺤﻘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫اذا‬
‫ﻛﻠﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬.(
٥(‫اﻹﺳﻘﺎط‬:‫اﻻﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫دواﻓﻌﮫ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻮﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺴﺐ‬ ‫ان‬.‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬)
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺼﺒﻮن‬ ‫اﻧﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮل‬ ،‫ﻃﺎﺋﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮف‬
ً‫ﺎ‬‫دﯾﻨﯿ‬.(
٦(‫اﻟﺘﻘﻤﺺ‬:‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺮن‬ ‫ان‬‫اﻟﺠﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫وﯾﻜﺘﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻓﻜﺎرھﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬ ‫او‬.‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬)‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫اﻋﺠﺎب‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮرة‬ ‫اﻗﻮاﻟﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﻜﺮر‬ ،‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﺘﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﻌﻠﮫ‬.(
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻠﻮك‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫رواﺟ‬ ‫ﻻﻗﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎت‬:
١(‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﮫ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬) .‫واﻻﻧﺒﺴﺎﻃﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻄﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬.
٢(‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﻮﯾﺔ‬)‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻄﯿﺔ‬ ‫او‬.(
٣(‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋﺪﯾﺔ‬)‫اﻟﺪوﻏﻤﺎﺗﯿﺔ‬.(
٤(‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻓﻠﯿﺔ‬.
٥(‫اﻟﺒﯿﺮوﻗﺮاﻃﯿﺔ‬)‫اﻟﺒﯿﺮوﻗﺮاﻃﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﮫ‬.(
٦(‫اواﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬.
٧(‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬)‫أ‬(‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬)‫ب‬.(
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‫اﻻدراك‬:‫وﺗﻨﻈﯿﻤﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاس‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮات‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬ ‫ھﻮ‬.
‫اﻻدراﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎء‬:‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮات‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻣﺎت‬
‫اﺳﻘﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺪرﺗﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪم‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺒﺎب‬ ،‫اﻻﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫وﻧﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺎﺗﻨﺎ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬.
‫اﻻدراك‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬:-
١(‫اﻻﺣﺴﺎس‬.
٢(‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬.
٣(‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻒ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬:-
١(‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﯿﺮات‬.‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ‬.
٢(‫وادراﻛﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺴﺎس‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫زاد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬.‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻼﻧﺎت‬.
٣(‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺴﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺻﺔ‬ ‫زادت‬ ‫ﺷﺪﺗﮫ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪة‬ ‫زادت‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﺸﺪة‬.‫اﻟﺼﻮت‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬.
٤(‫زاد‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺴﺎس‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫زاد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮار‬.‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﮭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻜﺮة‬.
٥(‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ادﻣﺎﺟﮫ‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻓﮫ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﯿﺰ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﺒﺎﯾﻦ‬
‫وادراﻛﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺴﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺻﺔ‬ ‫ازدادت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺎﯾﻦ‬ ‫زاد‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫واﻻﺷﻜﺎل‬ ‫واﻻﻟﻮان‬.
٦(‫اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫واﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬)‫او‬ ‫اﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻒ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺮة‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﻄﻔﺊ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻼﻧﺎت‬(‫وادراﻛﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺴﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬.
٧(‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺻﺔ‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺄﻟﻮﻓ‬ ‫او‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﺮوﻓ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ‬ ،‫اﻟﺠﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺤﻮاس‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﮫ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺒﺲ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺪرك‬‫ﻏﯿﺮه‬.
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ‬ ‫اﻻدراك‬:‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬.
‫اﻟﮭﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫أﺛﺮ‬:ً‫ا‬‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻣﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺮﻧﺎه‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻣﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬:‫اﻟﺨﺒﺮة‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪرب‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮك‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫داﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ھﻮ‬‫او‬
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺆدي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫او‬.
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ‬:-
•‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ‬:
١(‫اﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬.
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٢(‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻗﺪرات‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوق‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬.
٣(‫اﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪور‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺘﺪرب‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬.
٤(‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰز‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﯿﺔ‬.
٥(‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺄة‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫اداء‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﺮ‬.
٦(‫اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪد‬.
•‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻀﺎﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ‬:
١(‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫وﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮھﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺪرﯾﺐ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫ان‬.
٢(‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺨﻄﻄ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﯿ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﻨﻈﻤﺎت‬.
٣(‫وﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺠﺎح‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎخ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺿﺮورة‬.
٤(‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪرﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺈﻃﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻔﯿﺪ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫وﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺐ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬.
٥(‫اﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺑﺪور‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻻﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎح‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿ‬ ً‫ا‬‫دور‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪرب‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻌﺐ‬‫ﻤﻮذج‬.
‫اﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬:‫وﺳﻠﻮﻛﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺮى‬ ‫اھﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻄﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬.
‫او‬ ‫اﻻﺷﯿﺎء‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪات‬ ،‫واﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪات‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺮوري‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺪﯾﻖ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻻﻓﻜﺎر‬.‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺣﯿ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،ً‫ا‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫وﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ،‫اواﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﺎة‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪات‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬.
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﻼﻗﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮدي‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺆدي‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬:-
١(‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺰﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻻءات‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻄﺮة‬
‫واﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬.
٢(‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬.
٣(‫واﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫واﻻﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﻛﺜﺮة‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺮاءات‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﺪ‬.
٤(‫وﺧﺎرﺟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪوة‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬.
٥(‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﻟﺪى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻮال‬ ‫ﺗﺮدي‬.
٦(‫اﻻدارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎدات‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻒ‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯿﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬.
‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت‬:‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬‫او‬ ‫اﻻﺷﯿﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻻﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫اﻻﻓﻜﺎر‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺨﺎص‬.
‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫اھﻢ‬:-
١(‫ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬.
٢(‫واﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت‬.
٣(ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺴﺒﯿ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت‬.
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6. www.stqou.com ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬
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٤(‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺒﺎت‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬)‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫واﻟﻔﺮ‬‫واﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫د‬.(
٥(‫وﻗﯿﻤﮭﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﺤﯿﺰات‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻠﺐ‬
‫وﺗﻔﻀﯿﻼﺗﮭﻢ‬.
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺪاﻓﻌﯿﺔ‬:‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫وﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮك‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﻂ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬.
‫اﻟﺒﺎﻋﺚ‬:‫ﺑﺎدئ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﮭﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﯾﺰﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺟﮭ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ‬‫ھﺪف‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫وﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎط‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻊ‬ ‫اذ‬ ،‫ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫ھﺪف‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬:‫اي‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺴﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﻘﺼ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎن‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﺷﻌﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﯾﺼﯿﺐ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫ھﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ‬.
‫ﺑﮭﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﻠﻮﻛ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻠﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﻌﻞ‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫او‬
‫اﻟ‬‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬.
‫واﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻓﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت‬:-
١(‫ﻣﺎﺳﻠﻮ‬ ‫اﺑﺮاھﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬.
٢(‫وھﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻼث‬ ‫وﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﺪرﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬:-
•‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬.‫اﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﺎﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﺰوﯾﺪ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬.
•‫اﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬.‫ور‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻮر‬ ‫وھﻲ‬‫ﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺒﺘﮫ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻓﺮادھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﮭﺎ‬.
•‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬.‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺼﻞ‬ ‫وﯾﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫رﻏﺒﺔ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬
‫اﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻄﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ذروة‬.
‫ﻣﺎﺳﻠﻮ‬ ‫وﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺪرﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺪرﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬‫ﻣﺎﺳﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬
‫واﻟﺘﻄﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬‫ﺗﺤ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬‫اﻟﺬات‬ ‫ﻘﯿﻖ‬
‫اﻻﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫واﺣﺘﺮام‬ ‫اﻟﺬات‬ ‫اﺣﺘﺮام‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮد‬
‫اﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬‫اﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﻣﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت‬
‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺎت‬
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7. www.stqou.com ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬
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٣(‫ﻣﺎﻛﺮﯾﺠﻮر‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬.
٤(‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫واھﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬:-
•‫اﻻﻧﺠﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬.
•‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬.
•‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬‫ﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎء‬.
٥(‫ھﯿﺮزﺑﺮغ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬.
‫واﻟﺘﻔﻜﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻدراك‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻓﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت‬:-
*‫اﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻔﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺄﻓﺎت‬ ‫اھﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬.
‫اﻟﺤﻮاﻓﺰ‬:‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻻدارة‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬
‫اﻧﺘﺎﺟﮫ‬.
‫اﻟﺤﻮاﻓﺰ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬:-
١(‫اﻟﺤﻮاﻓ‬‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺰ‬:‫ﻟﺬاﺗﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫اذ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻦ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬ ،‫اﺗﻘﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺬة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺪه‬ ‫وﻟﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺬاﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬.
٢(‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﻓﺰ‬:‫اﻟﺤﻮاﻓﺰ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرھﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ،‫اﻻﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﻓﺰ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬
‫اﻟﺮواﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬.‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺗﺸﺠﯿﻌﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺪف‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻮاﻓﺰ‬
‫،واﻟﺤﻮاﻓﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻮة‬ ‫اﻻھﺪاف‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
،‫ﺳﻠﻮﻛﮫ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﺸﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺪر‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﻮاﻓﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬:-
١(‫ذاﺗﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺒﻊ‬.
٢(‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﻓﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﺪوم‬.
٣(‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬‫ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫داﻓﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺪرة‬.
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‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫ھﻮﺛﻮرن‬ ‫دراﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
١(‫اﺛﺒﺎت‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ان‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻮﻣﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﺤﺪدات‬.
٢(‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﺛﺒﺎت‬.
٣(‫اھﻤ‬ ‫اﺑﺮاز‬‫اﻟﺘﺄ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺸﺮﻓﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺮاف‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﯿﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺛﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬
‫واﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺘﮭﻢ‬.
٤(‫اﺑﺮاز‬‫اﻻدارة‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﺑﺤﺜﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﺷﺮاك‬ ‫اھﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫اﻻدارة‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬.
٥(‫ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻻدارة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮاة‬ ‫ھﻮﺛﻮرن‬ ‫دراﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬.
‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬:‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬‫ﻣﺸﺮك‬ ‫ھﺪف‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺪود‬
،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫وﺷﻌﻮر‬‫ھﯿﻜﻞ‬ ‫وﯾﻨﻈﻤﮭﻢ‬ ،‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫وﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﺼﻠﻮن‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻛﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺎﯾﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺤﻜﻤﮭﻢ‬ ،‫واﻟﻤﺮاﺗﺐ‬ ‫اﻻدوار‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫رﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫او‬ ‫رﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﯿﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬:‫اﻻﻓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ھﻲ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اد‬)‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬(‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً‫ا‬‫واﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬‫واﻟﻨﻔﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺬب‬‫ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ،‫واﻟﻜﺮه‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻇﮭﻮرھﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻘﺮر‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺘﻀﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮار‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﺮب‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪھﺎ‬"‫اﻻﻧ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎء‬"‫اﻟﺼﺪاﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﺷﻜﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬.
‫رﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬:
١(‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﯿﺔ‬.
٢(‫واﻧﺸﻄﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻻھﺪاف‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺠﺬاب‬.
٣(‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺠﺬاب‬.
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اھﺪاف‬:
١(‫اﻟﺼﺤﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬.
٢(‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ودرﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎء‬ ‫او‬‫ﻣ‬‫اﻟﺬات‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ‬.
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٣(‫واﺧﺘﺒﺎرھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬.
٤(،‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫وﺗﺒﺎل‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺒﺎدل‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫ﺑﺪور‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم‬ ‫وﺑﮭﺬا‬ ،‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬.
٥(‫اﻟ‬ ‫وﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ازاء‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻘﻮة‬
‫او‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮ‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫او‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﻗﻮي‬ ‫ﻋﺪو‬.
٦(‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎون‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬:
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬‫رﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻌﻀﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻤ‬‫اﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺟ‬‫اﻟﻤﮭﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﮭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺠﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺠﺎن‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬:‫ﻧﺸﺄ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺼﻮد‬ ‫ﻛﺠﺰء‬ ‫رﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮار‬ ‫ت‬
‫اﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﺷﻜﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اھﺪاف‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬.
‫اﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬:‫اﺷﻜ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ورﺋﯿﺴﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ھﻲ‬‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﮭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﮭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬:‫اﻓ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ،‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺠﺎزﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ادھﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻋﺎن‬ ‫ھﺬان‬ ‫وﯾﻤﺜﻞ‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﺮﻓﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪة‬ ‫ﯾﺮﺗﺒﻄﻮن‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﯾﻌﺒﺮ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ،‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻀﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻮﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻻﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬‫اﻟﻌﻀﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺮ‬.
‫وﻗﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺠﺎن‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﻤﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﺠﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻤﺎت‬.
‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬:
١(‫اﻟﻨﺸﻮء‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬.
٢(‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎﺑﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬)‫اﻟﻌﺼﻒ‬.(
٣(‫اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬)‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯾﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬.(
٤(‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬‫ﻻداء‬.
‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬:
١(‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺪف‬.
٢(ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺴﺒﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬.
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٣(‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬.
٤(‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ھﯿﻜﻞ‬.
٥(‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﯾﯿﺮ‬.
٦(‫اﻟﺘ‬‫ﺄ‬‫اﻻﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﯿﺮات‬.
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻤﯿﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺪار‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮة‬ ‫ﺷﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺪ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬،‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﮭﺪف‬
‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬،‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼت‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺘﮫ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬.
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬:‫اﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺤﺪد‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬ ،‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ادارة‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎط‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫وﻣﻀﻤﻮن‬ ‫وواﺟﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪد‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫واﻧﻮاع‬
‫واﻋﺒﺎﺋﮭﺎ‬ ‫اھﺪﻓﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫اﻋﺎدة‬ ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬:
١(‫وﻣﺴﺆوﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﻋﺐء‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻮر‬‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﯿﺎﺗﮫ‬.
٢(‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل‬.
٣(‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬"‫واﻟﻨﺴﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎر‬"‫ﺑﻨﺠﺎح‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺆدوا‬.
٤(‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﺮ‬.
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ؟‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫وﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫اﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿ‬ ‫ﯾﺆﺛﺮ‬‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫ورﺿﺎھﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وداﻓﻌﯿﺘﮭﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺘﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎح‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬:
١(‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺆﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﺣﺴﺎس‬‫اﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻘﯿﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬.
٢(‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اداء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺘﮫ‬ ‫وﻣﺪى‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫راﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬.
٣(‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻄﻰ‬ ‫ان‬‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺘﮫ‬ ‫واﺟﺒﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫اداء‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﯿﺔ‬.
٤(‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﺎراﺗﮫ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺠﯿﻊ‬.
٥(‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎس‬ ‫ﯾﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺪي‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬.
٦(‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻮﻃﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﺿﻮح‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاد‬ ‫اﻻھﺪاف‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬.
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻞ‬:‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎط‬ ‫ھﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻮﻃﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﻮاﺟﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻻھﺪاف‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺼﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮوف‬ ‫وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬/‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺆدي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدﯾﺔ‬.‫ﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬.
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬:
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١(‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬.
٢(،‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﯾﺪة‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫اﺷﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺨﺬ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻠﻮب‬ ‫وھﺬا‬:
•‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪاﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬.
•‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺒﺮة‬.
•‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﻇﺮوف‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﺑﮭﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺬ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬.
•ً‫ﺎ‬‫واﺿﺤ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﺸﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔ‬.
٣(‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوط‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻨﻔﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺒﺮة‬.
٤(‫ﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﺼﻨﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬.
٥(‫واﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬.
٦(‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬.
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫إﺛﺮاء‬:‫ﻣﺘﻌ‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫وذا‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬.
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﺛﺮاء‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬:
١(‫اﻻداء‬ ‫وﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ‬.٢(‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬.
‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬:‫وواﺟﺒﺎت‬ ‫وﻣﮭﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺰاﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﺸﺎرك‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫اﺛﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻇﻔﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺰاﯾﺎ‬:
١(‫اﻻﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬.
٢(‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮات‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﮭﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﺪوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬.
٣(‫ﯾﻘﻠﻞ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ودوران‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.
٤(‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬.
٥(‫ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬ ‫دوام‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺮﻏﺒﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫وﻇﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﺎرات‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻄﻲ‬.
‫ﺳﻠﺒﯿﺎت‬‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬:
١(‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺰاﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺮ‬.٢(‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ً‫ا‬‫اﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬.
٣(‫ﺷﺮﯾﻜﮫ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺼﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎذا‬ ،‫ﺗﺮﻗﻰ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮد‬ ‫اذا‬.
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺒﻮﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬:‫اﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺎم‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺒﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬.
‫اﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺰاﯾﺎ‬‫اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻮﻋﻲ‬:
١(‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬.
٢(‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫راﺣﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬.
٣(‫ﺑﻮﻇﺎﺋﻔﮭﻢ‬ ‫وﺗﻤﺴﻜﮭﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫ورﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬.
٤(‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫وﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﻈﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬.
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‫اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬:‫ﺷﺨ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﺒﺎدل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎدل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺼﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬:‫وﻧﻘﻞ‬ ،‫وﺗﺰوﯾﺪھﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻀﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ذوي‬ ‫وﻟﻼﺷﺨﺎص‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬.
‫وﻣﺮاﺣﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬:
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ‬‫اﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ‬
‫وﻧﻘﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ارﺳﺎل‬‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻼم‬
‫ﯾﺤﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫واﺷﺎرة‬
‫ورﻣﻮز‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻈﯿﺔ‬
Eneoding
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎدﺛﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻠﻔﻈﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺎرات‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮر‬
‫اﻟﺮ‬‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫واﻻﺷﺎرات‬
‫اﻟﻠﻔﻈﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬
Decoding
‫اﻟﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬
١(‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬)‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ‬.(
٢(‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻠﻢ‬)‫اﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ‬.(
٣(‫اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬.
٤(‫اﻟﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬.
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‫واﻻﺟﺎ‬ ‫اﻻرﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫اﻟﻄﺮﻓﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺔ‬)‫واﻟﻤﺴ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ‬‫ﺘﻠﻢ‬(‫ﯾﻔﮭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫واﻟﺮد‬ ‫اﻻرﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬.
‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬:
١(‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬.
٢(‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬.
‫اﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎت‬:
١(‫وﺗﺤﺮﯾﻔﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻮﯾﮫ‬.
٢(‫ﺟﯿﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﻌﻮن‬.
٣(‫اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﻔﺎق‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬.
٤(‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎت‬‫ﻮﺟﯿﺔ‬.
٥(‫اﻻﻟﻔﺎظ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬)‫ﻟﻐﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻘﺎت‬.(
٦(‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫واﺧﺘﺼﺎر‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﻠﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬:‫ﯾﻔﺮض‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻠﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺬي‬ ،‫اﻻﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‬ ‫وھﺬه‬ ،‫اﻻﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ارادﺗﮫ‬‫ﺎ‬‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ،‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫ا‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬:‫واﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺼﻮدة‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻨﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﻀﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻄﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎراﺗﺎن‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬.
‫ﺑﯿ‬ ،‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد‬ ً‫ا‬‫اذ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫ﺣﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﺷﺒﺎع‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﺷﺒﺎع‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺪرﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ‬ ‫اﻧﻚ‬ ‫اﻋﺮف‬.
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬:
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ‬‫دراﺳﺎت‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ؤﺳﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻدﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮذ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮؤوﺳﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫وھﺬا‬ ،
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﮭﻢ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ھﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬.
‫اﻻﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬:‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫اذ‬ ،‫اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﻘ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ‬.
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﺪد‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻻﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اذ‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻻ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎح‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎھﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫داﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اھﺪاﻓﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬‫ﺨ‬‫اﻻﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻒ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬:ً‫ا‬‫ﻧﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﻀﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫اﻻﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر‬:
١(‫اﻟﻤﻜﺄﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮذ‬:‫ﺳﯿﻄﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫اﺷﺘﻖ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺄﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬.
٢(‫اﻟﻘﺴﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬:‫اﺟﺒﺎر‬ ‫وﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﻟﺮﻏﺒﺎﺗﻚ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﻀﻮع‬ ‫اﻻذﻋﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬.
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٣(‫اﻟﺨﺒﺮة‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮذ‬:‫ﯾﺤﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺒﺮة‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺒﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺬه‬ ‫ﻋﻠىﺎﻟﻤﻨﺘﻔﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﻌﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬.
٤(‫اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬:‫ﻣﺮؤوﺳﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻄﺎﻟﺒﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﺨﻀﻌﻮن‬ ‫ﯾﺬﻋﻨﻮن‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬.
٥(‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬:‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮد‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺟﯿﺪة‬ ‫وﺳﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬.‫ﺳﻤﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫وھﺬا‬)‫ﻓﯿﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬(
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬)‫اﻟﻜﺎرزﻣﯿﺔ‬(‫اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫اي‬‫اﻻﺧﺮون‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻻﻋﺠﺎﺑﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺘﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﻘﺒﻠﻮن‬.
٦(‫اﻟﻨﻔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﻮذ‬:‫اﻻﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻖ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد‬ ‫وﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫اﻻﻃﺮاف‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻤﺎط‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺄﯾﯿﺪ‬.
‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﯾﻀﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬:
١(‫ﻧﻔﻮذه‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺮف‬ ‫ان‬.
٢(‫ﻓﯿ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺮر‬ ‫ان‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮذه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺤﺎول‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬.
٣(‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺪف‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺮر‬ ‫ان‬.
٤(‫اﻟﺘﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻤﺎرس‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﯾﺨﺘﺎر‬ ‫ان‬.
‫اﻟﺘﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬:
١(‫اﻻﻗﻨﺎع‬.
٢(‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎورة‬.
٣(‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬:،‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ھﺪف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺼﻮد‬ ‫ﺻﺮاع‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫ﻃﺮف‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ھﺪف‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎر‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬ ‫ھﻮ‬.
‫اﻟﻨﺰاﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬:
١(‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺻﺮاع‬.
٢(‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮاع‬.
٣(‫اﻻﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮاع‬.
‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬ ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬:
١(‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اھﺪاف‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬.
٢(‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬.
٣(‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت‬.
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬:
١(‫اﻟﻨ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي‬ ‫ﺰاع‬:‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﺮاع‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫واﻻﻣﺘﯿﺎزات‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﺗﺐ‬ ،‫اﻻھﺪاف‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬.
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‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﯾﺪة‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫اﺷﻜﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺧﺬ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬:‫اﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬)‫اﻻﻃﺒﺎء‬(،‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻻداري‬ ‫واﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬.
٢(‫اﻻﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬:‫ﯾﺤﺪ‬،‫واﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻇﺮف‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ث‬
‫ﻓﺄ‬‫وﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫داﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺎوﻟﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﺎء‬‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻻﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬:‫واﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻻھﺪاف‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬.
‫ﻃﺮق‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬:
١(‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻨﺐ‬.
٢(‫ﺗﺨﻔﯿﻔﮫ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬.
٣(‫اﻟﺘﻜﯿﻒ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬.
٤(‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎون‬.
٥(‫اﻟﺼﺮاع‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ‬:‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اھﺪاف‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻊ‬ ‫او‬ ،‫اﻟﻘﺮارات‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺎذ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﮭﺎم‬ ‫ھﻲ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮارات‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫واﻻﻟﺘﺰام‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻻھﺪاف‬.
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ‬ ‫اھﺪاف‬:
١(‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﻧﺸﺎط‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺎج‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬.
٢(‫اﻻﻧﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﻟﺰﯾﺎدة‬ ‫وﺗﺤﻔﯿﺰھﻢ‬ ‫داﻓﻌﯿﺘﮭﻢ‬ ‫واﺛﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬.
‫اﻻدارة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫دﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺒﺎب‬)‫واﻟﺼﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﻣﺮﯾﻜﺎ‬ ‫اوروﺑﺎ‬:(
١(‫اﻟﻐﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪول‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮء‬.
٢(‫اﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻇﮭﻮر‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻛﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺮﻛﺎت‬.
٣(‫واﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮص‬ ‫وﻣﻨﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬.
٤(‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫وازدﯾﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮر‬.
٥(‫اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺪرة‬ ‫اﻻﯾﻤﺎن‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬.
٦(‫ادا‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬ ‫ادارة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻدارة‬ ‫ﻗﺪرة‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫رة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ادارة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫ذوي‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺠﺎن‬.
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‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ‬)١(
‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫اﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﯿﻦ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﻄﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ت‬)B , A(‫ﻟﻼﻧﻀﻤﺎم‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺗﺤﺎدات‬)A) (٢٥٠(ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬‫ﻓﻀﻞ‬)٥٠(‫اﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﻢ‬
‫اﻻﺗﺤﺎدات‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬.‫ﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬)٧٠(‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬)B(‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﯾﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬
)٥٠٠(‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺤﺎدات‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ؟‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬
‫اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬:
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻠﻮا‬ ‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ان‬A‫ﺗﺴﺎوي‬50/٥٠2=20.%
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻠﻮا‬ ‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ان‬B‫ﺗﺴﺎوي‬٧٠/٥٠٠=١٤.%
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺞ‬ ً‫ا‬‫اذ‬B‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬A.
‫ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ‬)٢(
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬)C , B , A(‫ﯾﺒ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬)٣٠٠،٤٨٠،٦٤٠(‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺒﻮﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮادث‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺗﺒﯿﻦ‬)٥،٦،٢٠
(‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻓﺎذا‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻖ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻤﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬.
‫اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬:
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮادث‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬A=٥/٣٠٠=١٫٣٣.%
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮادث‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬B=٦/٤٨٠=١٫٢٥.%
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮادث‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬C+٢٠/٦٤٠=٣٫١٢.%
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬)C(‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬)A , B.(
‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬:‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻻﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫اﻋﻤﺎﻟﮭﻢ‬.
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻇﻔﯿﻦ؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺮوح‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوح‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﻤﻔﺮده‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬:
١(‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬.
٢(‫واﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬.
٣(‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬.
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‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬:‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻘﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﯿﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬.
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪدات‬:
١(‫اﻻدارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬.
٢(‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻂ‬.
٣(‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬.
٤(‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬.
٥(‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬.
٦(‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻮال‬.
٧(‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ‬.
٨(‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺗﺤﺎدات‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﻀﻤﺎم‬‫ﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎس‬)‫ﻟﯿﻜﺮت‬ ‫اداة‬:(
١(‫ﻣﻦ‬)٦–٣٠(‫ﻣﺴﺘﻐﻞ‬ ‫اوﺗﻮﻗﺮاﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎخ‬.
‫اﻟﻘﺮارات‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺨﺎذ‬ ‫ﻧﺪر‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﺘﺮﻛﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻖ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻻدارة‬ ‫ﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺨﺘﺺ‬
‫اﻻدارﯾﺔ‬.
٢(‫ﻣﻦ‬)٣١–٦٠(‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اوﺗﻮﻗﺮاﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎخ‬.
‫اﺗ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﺘﺮﻛﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬‫ﻣﺤﺪدة‬ ‫اﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ،‫اﻻدارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮارات‬ ‫ﺨﺎذ‬.
٣(‫ﻣﻦ‬)٦١–٩٠(‫اﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬ ‫دﯾﻤﻮﻗﺮاﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎخ‬.
‫ﺗﺆﺧﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮارات‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺪﯾﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬
‫اھﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺮارات‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺧﺬون‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻻدارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.
٤(‫ﻣﻦ‬)٩١–١٢٠(‫د‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎخ‬‫ﻣﺸﺎرك‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻘﺮاﻃﻲ‬.
‫وﯾﻔ‬ ،‫ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﯾﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬‫ﻮ‬‫اﻟﻘﺮارات‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺨﺎذ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﻧﮭﻢ‬
‫اﻻدارﯾﺔ‬.
‫ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ‬)٣(:
‫ادة‬ ‫وزﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬ ‫اﺣﺪى‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬)‫ﻟﯿﻜﺮت‬(‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﺟﺎﺑﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻت‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬:
•‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة‬١١.
•‫اﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ‬٩.
•‫اﻟﺪاﻓﻌﯿ‬‫ﺔ‬٨.
•‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬١٦.
•‫اﻟﻘﺮار‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺎذ‬٤.
•‫اﻻھﺪاف‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬٧.
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﮫ‬ ‫وﺿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬.
‫اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬:
‫اﻟﺪرﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬=١١+٨+١٦+٤+٧+٩=٥٥.
‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اوﺗﻮﻗﺮاﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎخ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ ‫اذا‬.
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﮫ‬:‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﺘﺮﻛﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ،‫اﻻدارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮارات‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺎذ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺊ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪدة‬ ‫اﻃﺮ‬.
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‫اﻻداري‬ ‫اﻻﺑﺪاع‬:‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﯿﺪة‬ ‫ووﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫واﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻓﻜﺎر‬ ‫اﺑﺘﻜﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ھﻮ‬،‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻔﺰ‬
‫وﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﮭﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻏﺘﺮاب‬:‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻔﻜﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻮر‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
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