An EKG measures the heart's electrical activity to evaluate its function and identify any problems. During an EKG, electrodes are attached to the skin in a standard pattern while the heartbeats are recorded. A stress test evaluates cardiovascular fitness by monitoring a patient walking on a treadmill to see how far they can walk without symptoms like chest pain or EKG changes. A venogram uses an X-ray with contrast dye to better visualize the size and condition of the veins and identify issues like deep vein thrombosis.
The document discusses three common cardiovascular procedures: electrocardiography (ECG or EKG), Holter monitoring, and stress testing. The ECG records and measures electrical activity in the heart. Holter monitoring uses a portable ECG worn for at least 24 hours to monitor heart activity during daily life. Stress testing, also called exercise or treadmill testing, evaluates cardiovascular fitness by having patients exercise on a treadmill or bike while monitoring their EKG and oxygen levels.
The document summarizes key terms related to the digestive system. It describes the digestive system as a long muscular tube stretching from the mouth to anus that breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste. The main organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Accessory organs that help digestion include the liver, pancreas, and salivary glands. The document also defines several digestive conditions such as cirrhosis, jaundice, and ulcerative colitis.
This document outlines various cardiac diagnostic tests including laboratory tests that analyze cardiac biomarkers and lipids, electrocardiography such as 12-lead ECGs and cardiac monitoring, echocardiography including standard and transesophageal echos, and radiological tests like myocardial perfusion imaging, CT scans, PET scans and MRI angiography to assess cardiac function and anatomy.
The document provides information about exercise treadmill testing (ETT) including:
1) ETT can be safely performed by properly trained family physicians and is useful for evaluating patients with possible coronary artery disease.
2) Guidelines are presented on patient selection, informed consent, conducting the test, interpreting results, and maintaining competence in ETT.
3) Case studies are presented to illustrate how ETT may be used to evaluate patients with chest pain complaints.
This document discusses stress testing, which measures the heart's response to external stress. There are two main types of stress testing - exercise testing using treadmills or bicycles, and pharmacological testing using medications. Stress testing can help diagnose coronary artery disease, evaluate functional capacity, and assess treatment effects. The document outlines guidelines for indications, contraindications, and interpretations of different stress test results. Key measurements taken during stress tests include ECG, exercise capacity, symptoms, blood pressure, and heart rate response.
An EKG measures the heart's electrical activity to evaluate its function and identify any problems. During an EKG, electrodes are attached to the skin in a standard pattern while the heartbeats are recorded. A stress test evaluates cardiovascular fitness by monitoring a patient walking on a treadmill to see how far they can walk without symptoms like chest pain or EKG changes. A venogram uses an X-ray with contrast dye to better visualize the size and condition of the veins and identify issues like deep vein thrombosis.
The document discusses three common cardiovascular procedures: electrocardiography (ECG or EKG), Holter monitoring, and stress testing. The ECG records and measures electrical activity in the heart. Holter monitoring uses a portable ECG worn for at least 24 hours to monitor heart activity during daily life. Stress testing, also called exercise or treadmill testing, evaluates cardiovascular fitness by having patients exercise on a treadmill or bike while monitoring their EKG and oxygen levels.
The document summarizes key terms related to the digestive system. It describes the digestive system as a long muscular tube stretching from the mouth to anus that breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste. The main organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Accessory organs that help digestion include the liver, pancreas, and salivary glands. The document also defines several digestive conditions such as cirrhosis, jaundice, and ulcerative colitis.
This document outlines various cardiac diagnostic tests including laboratory tests that analyze cardiac biomarkers and lipids, electrocardiography such as 12-lead ECGs and cardiac monitoring, echocardiography including standard and transesophageal echos, and radiological tests like myocardial perfusion imaging, CT scans, PET scans and MRI angiography to assess cardiac function and anatomy.
The document provides information about exercise treadmill testing (ETT) including:
1) ETT can be safely performed by properly trained family physicians and is useful for evaluating patients with possible coronary artery disease.
2) Guidelines are presented on patient selection, informed consent, conducting the test, interpreting results, and maintaining competence in ETT.
3) Case studies are presented to illustrate how ETT may be used to evaluate patients with chest pain complaints.
This document discusses stress testing, which measures the heart's response to external stress. There are two main types of stress testing - exercise testing using treadmills or bicycles, and pharmacological testing using medications. Stress testing can help diagnose coronary artery disease, evaluate functional capacity, and assess treatment effects. The document outlines guidelines for indications, contraindications, and interpretations of different stress test results. Key measurements taken during stress tests include ECG, exercise capacity, symptoms, blood pressure, and heart rate response.