The document discusses different types of SQL commands - DML, DCL, and TCL. DML commands like INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE are used to modify database data and are not automatically committed. DCL commands like GRANT and REVOKE are used to manage user permissions. TCL commands like COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT are used to control transactions for DML commands. Examples of each type of command are provided.

1. PRESENTED BY:- Mrs. Surkhab Shelly
Assistant Professor In CS

2.  DML commands are used to modify the
database. It is responsible for all form of
changes in the database.
 The command of DML is not auto-committed
that means it can't permanently save all the
changes in the database. They can be
rollback.

3.  This statement is used to insert new records into the table.
 INSERT INTO Employee
(EmployeeID, EmployeeName, PhoneNumber, Address, City,
Country)
VALUES
('06', 'Sanjana', '9921321141', 'Camel Street House No
12', 'Chennai', 'India');
 INSERT INTO Employee
VALUES
('07', 'Sayantini', '9934567654', 'Nice Road 21', 'Pune',
'India');

4.  This statement is used to modify the records
already present in the table.
 UPDATE Employee
SET EmployeeName = 'Aahana', City= 'Ahmedabad'
WHERE EmployeeID = 1;
OR
 UPDATE Employee
SET EmployeeName = 'Aahana', City= 'Ahmedabad‘;

5.  This statement is used to delete the existing
DELETE FROM Employee WHERE EmployeeName='Preeti';

6.  This statement is used to select data from a
database and the data returned is stored in a
result table, called the result-set.
1)SELECT EmployeeID, EmployeeName FROM Employee;
 --(*) is used to select all from the table.
2)SELECT * FROM Employee;

7.  DCL commands are used to grant and take
back authority from any database user.
 Here are some commands that come under
DCL:
 Grant
 Revoke

8.  Grant: It is used to give user access
privileges to a database.
 Example
GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON EMPLOYEE TO USER1, USER2;
 Revoke: It is used to take back permissions
from the user.
 Example
REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON EMPLOYEE FROM USER1, USER2;

9.  TCL commands can only use with DML commands like INSERT,
DELETE and UPDATE only.
 These operations are automatically committed in the database
that's why they cannot be used while creating tables or dropping
them.
 Here are some commands that come under TCL:
 COMMIT
 ROLLBACK
 SAVEPOINT
 a. Commit: Commit command is used to save all the transactions
to the database.
 Syntax:
 COMMIT;
 Example:
DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE AGE = 25;
COMMIT;

10.  b. Rollback: Rollback command is used to undo
transactions that have not already been saved to
the database.
 Syntax:
 ROLLBACK;
 Example:
 DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE AGE = 25;
 ROLLBACK;
 c. SAVEPOINT: It is used to roll the transaction
back to a certain point without rolling back the
entire transaction.
 Syntax:
 SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT_NAME;