The document discusses effective public speaking. It begins by quoting Ralph Waldo Emerson that all great speakers were once bad speakers. It then lists qualities of effective speakers as ethics, knowledge, preparation, and self-confidence. It also discusses avoiding plagiarism through proper citation of sources. The document outlines symptoms and causes of speech anxiety as well as tips for controlling anxiety such as preparation and practice. It provides methods of speech delivery and how vocal and physical delivery can impact a speech. The document concludes by asking readers to reflect on their strengths and weaknesses as speakers.

1. Copyright © 2008 by Allyn and Bacon 1

2. “All great speakers
were bad speakers at
first.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson
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3. Qualities of Effective Speakers
 Ethics
 Knowledge
 Preparation
 Self-Confidence
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4. Ethics: Avoiding Plagiarism
 Use more than one source for speech
 Use a variety of sources
 Avoid using language identical to original
author
 Cite sources prior to quoting a source
 Always identify your sources
 Give credit to originator of ideas
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5. Symptoms of Speech Anxiety
 Vocal changes
 Fluency problems
 Dryness in mouth and throat
 Tense facial expressions
 Random gestures
 Body movements
 Nonvisible symptoms
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6. What Causes Speech Anxiety?
FEAR?
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7. Treating Speech Anxiety
 Select a topic you enjoy and know.
 Be prepared and know your audience.
 Be confident.
 Think positively.
 Practice, practice, practice.
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8. Additional Tips for Controlling
Speech Anxiety
 Talk with instructor for additional help.
 Don’t give up!
 Practice relaxation techniques -
systematic desensitization.
 Realize that everyone feels this way.
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9. How Do You Deliver
a Winning Speech?
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10. Methods of Delivery
Choose an appropriate method:
 Impromptu Delivery
 Manuscript Delivery
 Memorized Delivery
 Extemporaneous Delivery
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11. How do vocal and physical
aspects affect delivery?
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12. Vocal Aspects
 Vocal quality
 Intelligibility
 Vocal variety
• Rate
• Force
• Pitch
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13. Physical Aspects
 Personal appearance
 Body movement
 Gestures
 Facial expressions
e
 Eye contact
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14. What Are Some Distracting
Speaker Behaviors?
 rapid speech  tense, rigid
 monotone  sloppy posture
 mumbling  swaying
 awkward pauses  dancing
 leaning on
 hands in pockets
podium
 playing with hair  weight shifts
 looking at floor or  crossing legs
ceiling
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15. Polishing Your Delivery
 Practice, practice, practice!
 Learn your speech.
 Start learning small pieces first, then practice
the entire speech.
 Practice in the room in which you will speak.
 Practice alone, then with people.
 Focus on what you’re saying and to whom.
 Be yourself!
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16. What are your strengths
and weaknesses as a
speaker?
What are you hoping to
improve upon?
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17. Copyright © 2008 by Allyn and Bacon 17