The document discusses solid waste management, defining solid waste, its sources, types, and the various challenges faced, particularly in developing countries. It highlights the significant health and environmental impacts of poor waste management and emphasizes the need for sustainable practices and multi-stakeholder involvement. Additionally, it outlines the importance of regulatory frameworks, community participation, and innovative waste management solutions to overcome existing challenges.

1. Solid Waste
Management

2. Learning objectives
– Definition and concept of solid waste
– Source and types of solid waste
– Solid Waste Issues In Developing Countries
– Impacts of solid wastes
– Functional elements of solid waste
– Sustainable waste management and waste
management hierarchy
– Importance, Challenges and
Opportunities
2

3. Definition
 Waste is "useless or worthless material; stuff to
be
thrown away." (World Book Dictionary)
 Waste is "a resource that is not safely recycled back
into the environment or the marketplace." (Zero
Waste America )
3

4. What is Solid Waste
4
• Solid wastes are all the wastes arising from human and animal
activities that are normally solid and that are discarded as
useless or unwanted. The term refuse, is often used
interchangeably with the term solid wastes.

5. Sources of solid wastes
5

6. TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
Solid Waste
Refuse Tras
h
Bulky wastes (TV, refrigerators goods,
Broken furniture, etc.)
Garbage Rubbish
non-degradable (glass, rubber,
Metals, plastics non-metal set)
Vegetables, Meats, food
Wastes and other readily
Degradable organic wastes
slowly degradable (paper, wood
Products, textiles etc.)

7. Causal of increase in solid waste
7
Lack of
Legislatio
n &
Policies
Public
attitude
/
behavio
r

8. EFFECTS OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED WISELY
 Attract Insects, flies and mosquito
 Affects our health
 Affects our socio-economic conditions
 Affects our coastal and marine environment
 Water and land pollution
 Affects our climate
 Disruption of aesthetic value
8

9. Impacts of solid wastes on environment

10. Environmental Hazards due to solid wastes

11. Social Impact of solid
wastes
 Effect on
morale
– The effect of livin
g
in
an
unhygieni
c
untid
y
becom
e
environmen
t
demoralized
may
lead
and less
people
motivate
d
to
to
improve
conditions around them.
– Waste attracts more waste and leads to less hygienic
behavior in general.

12. Public Health importance of solid
waste
 It can be best media for the growth of MOs
 Attraction of arthropods such as common housefly, mosquito
 Attraction of rodents and other animals e.g. rats mice dogs
cats
 Open dump can contaminate water sources
 Can contaminate food supply and cause food borne disease
 Hospital and pathological wastes are potential disease carrying
waste products
 Radioactive wastes are highly dangerous
 It can create fire accident
 It can create nuisance:
– Bad odor, smoke, dust
– Aesthetical problem and Discomfort

13.  Solid waste management: is a discipline associated with
the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and
transport, processing and finally disposing of wastes with the
objective of protecting the health of the population, promoting
of environmental quality and sustainability, support of
economic productivity and employment generation.
13
What Can We Do?

14. There is a growing
realization of the negative
Impacts of wastes
on the environment
Local Governments are
now looking at waste as a busin
ess opportunity,
•to extract valuable resources and
to safely process and dispose wastes
Industrialization and
economic growth has
produced more amount of
waste, including
hazardous & toxic
wastes.
Complexity, costs and
coordination of waste
management has
necessitated
multi‐stakeholder
involvement in every
stage of the waste stream.
Population growth &
GDP growth is
resulting increase
in quantities of waste being
generated
Due to changing lifestyles &
consumption pattern, the
quantity of waste generated
has increased with quality
& composition of waste
Becoming
changing.
NEED
FOR
SWM
Need for SWM

15. Functional elements of solid
waste management:

16. Objective of
SWM
 To protect and promote the health of the
population,
 To promote environmental conditions by
controlling pollution and ensuring
sustainability of
ecosystems
 Tosupport
economic the
required waste
development by
providing
managementservices and
guaranteeing the efficient use and conservation
of valuable materials and resources.
 To generate employment and
income
16

17. Importance of waste management
Wast
e
Mgt.
Decrease in public
health risks
Decreasing use of
virgin materials to
manufacture goods
Waste
valorization/value
Decreased env’tal
pollution

18. WM Perceptions
 NIMBY: Not In My Back Yard
 NIMFYE: Not In My Front Yard Either
 PIITBY: Put It In Their Back Yard
 BANANA: Build Absolutely Nothing Anytime Near
Anybody
 NIMEY: Not In My Election Year
 NIMTOO: Not In My Term Of Office
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19. Challenges
 Rapidly growing economic development,
population growth, urbanization and improving
living standards
 Wastes not being viewed as a “resources”
 Lack of segregation, poor collection, illegal dumping,
open dumping and burning of waste
 Limited involvement of private sector
and communities 19

20. Challenges…
 Lack of policy and regulatory enforcement
 Rules focus only on disposal strategies and do
not encourage reuse, recycling and prevention
 Inadequate coverage of the population to be served;
 Operational inefficiencies of waste
management services;
 Lack of Environmentally Sound, effective & efficient
systems
20

21. Factors influencing the core concepts of
the waste management
hierarchy.

22. Sustainable waste management

23. What shall we
do?
23
Apply Sustainable Waste Management
System

24. What is Sustainability?
Environmentall
y effective
Economicall
y
affordable
Socially
acceptabl
e
SUSTAINABILITY
of
the
A balance between the needs
environment, the economy and
society

25. Sustainable Waste Management
 Is a comprehensive waste prevention, recycling, and
waste management in a ways that most effectively
protect human health and the environment
 Involves the selection and application of appropriate
techniques, technologies, and management programs
to achieve sustainability
 Maximizes the opportunities for resource recovery at
all stages
ownership &
through
 It develops
local
responsibilities/participation
approach
a consultative
25

26. Sustainable Waste Management–
Hierarchy
Reduce
Reduce
Reuse
Reuse
Recycle
Recycle
Recovery
Recovery
Landfill
Landfill
Upstream
Downstream
Lowering the Amount
of Waste Produced
Using materials
repeatedly
Using materials to
make new products
Recovering material
and energy from waste
Safe disposal
of waste

27. BENEFIT
Economic Benefits
COST

28. Sustainable Waste Management Planning Process
28

30. Opportunities
(constitution, Health
 Legal and Policy backings/ support
policy and strategy, HEP, etc.)
 SDG/HSTP
 National Environmental Policy
 National SWM Proclamation
 Gov’t commitment for sustainable development
30

31. Opportunities…
 Urban Planning, Sanitation and Beautification
document
 Decentralization of SWM Services to the lower tier of
Administration
 Availability of Micro and Small Enterprises involved
in SWM activities
 Global, regional and local experiences
31

32. Opportunities…
 Collection practice of recyclable wastes (plastic,
bottle, shoe, and metal) by the informal sectors to be
used by local factories
 Community participation
– Sanitation activities-Campaigns
– Willingness to pay
 Waste characteristics and composition is potential for
reuse, recycle and recovery 32

33. 33

34. Share the Responsibility
Thank 34