This document summarizes a student's laboratory experiment to test total solid matter in a water sample. The student measured total solids by drying a water sample and calculating the difference in weight. The total solids in the sample were 33.73 mg/l, which is within the required limit of 500 mg/l for domestic water use according to USPHS standards. Solid analyses are important for controlling water treatment processes and ensuring water quality standards are met.

1. University of Sulaimani
College of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
(Water Supply and sanitary Lab)
Test No: 1
Test Name: Total Solid Matter
Student Name: Raz Azad Abdullah
Group: A1
Date of the Test: 9-10-2019
Date of Submission: 30-10-2019

2. 2
Introduction:
Total solids, TS, are a measure of all the suspended, colloidal, and dissolved
solids in a sample of water. This includes dissolved salts such as sodium
chloride, NaCl, and solid particles such as silt and plankton. An excess of total
solids in rivers and streams is a very common problem.
Types of Total solids:
Purpose of the Test:
Solid analyses are important in the control of biological and physical
wastewater treatment processes. Forassessing compliance with regulatory
agency wastewater effluent limitations.
The correct balance of dissolved solids in the water is essential to the health of
aquatic organisms for several reasons. One reason is that many of these
dissolved materials are essential nutrients for the general health of aquatic
organisms. And also it has many other effects that is why its determination in
water is important:
• Can be harmful to aquatic organisms
• Reduce water clarity
• Aesthetically unpleasing
• Decrease photosynthetic rate
• Increase water temperature

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Materials and Equipment:
1. Evaporating dishes, porcelain,25-100 mL volume.
2. Drying oven.
3. Desiccator.
4. Analytical balance.
5. Filter paper (preferably of glass fiber).
6. Muffle furnace.
7. Imhoff Cones
Summary of the procedure:
1-A well-mixed sample is dried in a pre-weighed dish to a constant weight in
an oven at 102–105 °C,and weights it as (W1).
2- Pour 10ml of the thoroughly mixed sample (water) in the dish.
3. Get the sample evaporated by placing the dish in an oven maintained at
103ᵒC for a day, coolthe dish and weight it as (W2).
4-The difference of weight between the empty dish and the dried dish shows
the total solids of the sample.

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Formulas and calculations:
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐝 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 =
𝐖𝟐 − 𝐖𝟏
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
T.S: Total Solidmatter, (mg/l).
W1: Empty weight of the dish, (g).
W2: Completelycooledweighof the dish, (g).
Volume of sample: volume of 10 ml of water
W1=23.5762g, W2=23.9235g
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐝 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 =
𝟐𝟑. 𝟗𝟏𝟑𝟓 − 𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟕𝟔𝟐
𝟏𝟎
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐝 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 = 33.73 mg/l
Results:
No. W1(g) W2(g) Volume(ml) TS(mg/l)
1 23.5762 23.9135 10 33.73

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Discussion and Conclusions
Drinking water shall not contain impurities inconcentrations whichmay be
hazardous to the health of consumers, the provisionof drinking-water that is not
only safe but also acceptable in appearance, taste and odour is of high priority.
In this experiment by noticing the results the TSM is appeared to be (total solid
matter=33.73mg/l, Total solids insurface water usually fall withinthe range of 20
mg/L to 500 mg/L. Values can go much higher especiallyafter heavy rain when
the water levels are high.
According to United States Public Health Service (USPHS) water should not
contain more than (500mg/l) of total dissolvedsolids.
Total solids can vary widelydepending on recent weather; Recent rainfall or
snowmelt events can greatlyincrease total solids.
If there has not been a recent rain or snow event, readings of than100mg/L might
be cause for more investigation.
Waters withhigh dissolvedsolids generallyare of inferior palatability and may
induce an unfavorable phcsiolological reactioninthe transit consumer so a
500mg dissolvedsolids/l is desirable for drinking waters according to standard
method of water, Solidanalysis are important for controlling water and waste
water treatment process and assessing compliance withregularityrequirements.
In conclusion the total solids inthe water sample of our test were (33.73mg/l),
which is inthe required limit for domestic use.

6. 6
References:
-Water Supply lab report manual.
-unites states public health service (USPHS) .
-World Health organizations (WHO).

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