This document describes a student project to simulate optimal battery charging for a solar-powered vehicle. The project aims to design a solar tracking mechanism to increase solar power collection and a battery switching system to independently charge one battery while the other powers the vehicle. The project involves literature reviews on related topics, proposing a system design using a microcontroller, simulating the solar tracking mechanism, developing code for tracking and battery switching, and scheduling the work over multiple phases.

1. Simulation for Optimal Battery Charging in
Solar-Powered Vehicle
Team Members:
R.Balaji
V.Praveen Kumar
C.Purushothaman
A.Stephen Raj
100107144003
100107144031
110407144019
110407144027
Guided by,
Prof .A.Vidhyasekar M.E., AP/ECE
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2. Outline
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Objective
Introduction
Literature survey
Existing method
Our new proposal
Simulation results
Flowchart
Coding
Applications
Schedule
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3. Objective
• The design and construction of an charging system for lead acid batteries
by means of tracking solar panel.
• Our proposal makes a twofold significant contribution.
• It presents the construction of a solar tracking mechanism aimed at
increasing the rover’s power regardless of its mobility.
•
It proposes an alternative design of power system performance based on
a pack of two batteries.
• The aim is completing the process of charging a battery independently
while the other battery provides all the energy consumed by the vehicle.
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4. Introduction
• What is Solar Panel?
• How does solar panel works?
• What is the purpose of battery?
• How did it works effectively here?
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5. Literature survey
TITLE
PUBLICATION
YEAR MERITS
DEMERITS
Smart Host Microcontroller
for Optimal Battery Charging
in a Solar-Powered Robotic
Vehicle.
IEEE
2013
Efficiency,
durability.
High Cost, more
Power
Consumption.
Battery Management System:
An Overview of Its
Application in the Smart Grid
and Electric Vehicles.
IEEE
2013
Highly reliable, low
cost.
Low accuracy,
needs more power.
Two Ways of Rotating
Freedom Solar Tracker by
Using ADC of
Microcontroller
Global Journal
US.
2012
Low of cost,
improved electrical
power.
Not suitable for all
the climatic
conditions.
A maximum power point
tracking system with parallel
connection for PV stand-alone
applications
IEEE
2008
MPPT technology,
reduces the
negative influence
of power converter
losses.
Battery usage is
limited.
Development of a
microcontroller-based,
photovoltaic maximum
power point tracking control
system
IEEE
2001
MPPT technology,
low of cost.
Minimum battery
usage.
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6. Existing method
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7. Our New Proposal
Solar Panel
with
Actuator
Signal
Conditionin
g
RF
Receiver
Decoder
Battery 1
Battery Selection
Logic
LCD
Microcontroller
Battery 2
Motor
Driver
Left Motor
Right Motor
Block Diagram of optimal battery charging solar device
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8. Simulation Block Interfacing Stepper Motor
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9. Flow Chart for Solar Panel Tilting
START
GET LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT
VOLTAGES
CENTER
>
RIGHT
LEFT
<
CENTER
NO
LEFT
>
RIGHT
YES
MOTOR ROTATES
TO LEFT POSITION
YES
NO
MOTOR ROTATES
TO CENTER
MOTOR ROTATES
TO RIGHT POSITION
END
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10. Working Methodology
• Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test
conditions (STC), and typically ranges from 100 to 320 watts.
• The efficiency of a module determines the area of a module given the
same rated output an 8% efficient 230 watt module will have twice the
area of a 16% efficient 230 watt module.
• This robot is equipped with 2 batteries. The robot switches to the battery
which has more charge. In this time the other battery starts charging via
solar panel. This intelligence can be achieved by the use of a
microcontroller.
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11. Efficiency calculation
Where Voc is the open-circuit voltage;
where Isc is the short-circuit current; and
where FF is the fill factor
where η is the efficiency.
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12. Continue…
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13. Atmel Coding For Solar Tracking Mechanism
#define F_CPU 16000000UL
#include<avr/io.h>
#include"avr_lcd.h"
#include "avr_adc.h"
int main()
{
DDRC=0b00000011;
PORTC=0b00000000;
int x,y,z;
lcd_init();
adc_init();
lcd_putsxy(2,"OPTIMUM SOLAR");
lcd_putsxy(64,"CHARGING VEHICLE");
_delay_ms(100);
x=adc_read(0);
y=adc_read(1);
z=adc_read(2);
13

14. Continue…
if((x>y) && (x>z))
{
lcd_clear();
lcd_putsxy(0,"Left");
PORTC=0b00000010;
}
else if((y>x) && (y>z))
{
lcd_clear();
lcd_putsxy(0,"Center");
}
else
{
lcd_clear();
lcd_putsxy(0,"Right");
PORTC=0b00000001;
}
}
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15. Advantage & Applications
• Improvement in rovers mobility.
• Used largely in unmanned vehicle in war field.
• Can be implemented in any kind of solar devices.
• Using two battery brings durability.
• Large withstanding capability.
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16. Simulation Results
Simulation coding page
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17. Layout Design For Battery Switching
Layout for battery switching
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18. Conclusions And Future Work
•
The interest of this robotic system lies in the design concept of solar tracking and
battery switching mechanism.
•
On this basis, our proposal presents the construction of a solar tracking mechanism
aimed at increasing the rover’s power regardless of its mobility.
•
The aim is completing the process of controlling the robot in the availability of solar
power.
•
The future work concentrates in hardware design built with compact weight and with
more efficient power consumption for the rover’s continuous motion.
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19. Schedule
• September 
Preparation of module’s coding.
• October
Simulation for solar tracking mechanism

• November 
Layout design for battery switching
• December 
Completion for phase 1
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