The document presents a socio-economic survey of Siswan village, focusing on its socio-economic conditions and the impact of water irrigation projects. It highlights the challenges faced by residents, such as poverty, unemployment, and low educational attainment, and aims to analyze various factors affecting their living standards. The report provides insights into the population structure, economic activities, climate conditions, and infrastructure needs of the village, ultimately suggesting measures for improvement.

1. The Impact of Natural
Enviornment on Socio-
Economic status of village
Siswan
By charu jaiswal

2. MAP OF PUNJAB

3. MAP OF SISWAN

4. PREFACE
Before having a clean idea of what actually is socio-economic survey, it is essential
that to know the meaning of socio-economic survey separately. Socio is derived
from the word ‘society’ Society is nothing but a group of people organised
culturally as well as systematically. The first and for most condition for the
development of a society in its economic condition.
Socio - Economic survey is an important part of education to know the status of
the people of various society. The sole aim of the Socio Economic planning of our
country is to transform the socio -economic condition of the people living in the
rural areas. Since the independence of our country. More than 45% of the
population have settled in rural areas, where the problem of poverty
unemployment and improper living condition prevail and have persisted for long
these problems have not attain the adequate importance in policy made by the
government. Though there is some progress seen in the economic conditions of the
people, but the progress in the educational field is in a very deplorable condition.
To bring about the economic development the transformation of Socio-Economic
condition and control of population growth is necessary. Hence, it is the need of
the hour to analyses the socio-economic condition of the rural areas and put
forward the suggestions for the steps to be taken in order to solve the problems
prevailing in the rural areas.
This survey report is a modest attempt to develop an awareness and insight to
Socio -Economic Study of the various social, cultural, environmental and
economic aspects of the population residing at “Siswan” village.
This report contains the analytical study of socio - economic factors with practical
approach. while conducting the survey we studied the Socio-Economic and
cultural aspects, living conditions, health and hygiene, educational status
transport and communication facilities, water supply and the problems faced by
the people of the village.
The information obtained where the analyses are interpreted to prepare a report
on the survey conducted.

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Socio -Economic survey is a difficult task and it requires help from
different individuals and institutions for its success. This socio-Economic
Survey is initiated by P.G.G.C.G, sec-11, Chandigarh to “Siswan village”
area on 30th January 2013. I am thankful to my college for this valuable
task.
I am thankful for the timely and consistent cooperation given by my guide
Mrs. Salil Sharma in preparing this report. I express my heartiest thanks
and deep sense of gratitude am to Mrs. Prem Lata Rathi ( Head of
Department ) ,Mrs. Jind Kaur, Mrs. Harpreet, and Mr. Sanjay , Lecturer
of Geography department for their guidance, valuable suggestions and
encouragement for completing our report. I acknowledge their advice and
help as a constant source of inspiration and help during the survey.
I am also thankful to the people of siswan village who provided useful
knowledge about their occupation, Education, Social and Economic life.
I would also like to thank all my fellow students who accompanied me
during the whole survey and brought valuable information on the basis of
which this report has been completed successfully.
I hope this report will help to understand the socio-economic aspect of
village area of siswan.

6. CONTENTS
Sr.NO. TOPIC
1 INTRODUCTION
2 THE STUDY AREA
3 AIMS & OBJECTIVES
4 MAJOR HYPOTHESIS
5 DATA SOURCES
6 METHADOLOGY AND PROCEDURE
7 ANALYSIS
8 SOCIAL FORESTRY
9 PROBLEMS & SUGGESTIONS
10 CONCLUSION
11 BIBLIOGRAPHY

7. INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER NO. 1

8. The purpose of social science research is to understand and explain a social
phenomena or situation in its current context in its relation to pass events,
situations and forecast the emerging scenario , research begins with an idea which
serves as the basis for the research questions, formulation of hypothesis and their
testing. Geography as a discipline constitutes an interface between natural sciences
on one hand and social sciences on the other hand. Geography looks at the reality
from the perspective of space and hence joint, cooperative and collaborative
research is very common in geography.
The prime objective of research is to investigate reality and establish theory about
the observations. It can be in two ways, the theoretical and empirical. Theoretical
reality is assumed by human intellect and is based on mathematical construct.
Empirical reality is based on observation and owing to its limited range sometimes
it is referred as limited range sometimes, it is referred as limited range , sometimes
it is referred as empirical partiality, hence the research sums at bridging the gap
between theoretical totality and empirical partiality . A study which brings
forward a new fact or generalisation or which demolishes or establishes a
hypothesis or a theory , or a principle already existing or which puts a variety of
information into an order or system for further research is a valid one which ends
with a new discovery or theory research is of two type i.e. fundamental and
applied. The best problem for researchers own curiosity. Before choosing the
problem one should ask the following questions to one self i.e.
1). Is this problem, really of interest to me?
2). Is it significant in the sense that it extends the frontiers of knowledge.
3). Can I handle these problems within the constraints of resources available.
4) Has the problem not being investigated by someone else?

9. THE STUDY AREA
CHAPTER NO. 2

10. 1.1.History of the village
Siswan is a village in Kharar Tehsil of Rupnagar district in Punjab, India. Siswan
lies in kandi area. Most of the agriculture land in Kandi area of Punjab is Barani
i.e. dependent on rains. The requirement of water for Rabi and Kharif crops
cannot be met because most of the rainfall occurs in 2½ months only. Average
agriculture yield has been only 700 Kg/Hectare against State’s 4500 Kg/Hectare.
Further Kandi area being very undulating and sub mountainous, is traversed by
numerous small and big seasonal streams called choes and is prone to flashy floods.
Flash floods cause soil erosion and flood damage. There are about 140 Major &
Medium spate rivers (choes) that carry the flashy floods from the Shivalik foot hills
and discharge into the plains of Punjab causing frequent floods. The annual run off
from the area is about 85 million cubic metres. For the attenuation of the floods
and for the development of irrigation facilities in the Kandi Area for about 19500
hectares. CCA, 29 prospective dam sites have been identified.
Out of 29 Dams, 12 Dams have been completed and 9 Dams are proposed to be
taken up in phase manner in 11th five year plan. The Punjab Govt. executed an
agreement in Feb. 1990 with the World Bank Project under the Punjab Irrigation
and Drainage Project Phase-II, wherein construction of 9 no. Dams were taken up.
The dams located in district of Roop Nagar are Perch, Mirzapur, Siswan and Jainti
and in district Hoshiarpur are Damsal, Chohal, Saleran, Patiari and Thana.
Siswan Dam : Siswan Dam was constructed on Siswan watershed in Ropar
District of Punjab. This Low Dam having a height of 24 metre. alognwith its
appurtenant works i.e. outlet, escape cut, and its field water distribution was
taken up for construction in Jan. 1997. The dam and its appurtenant works
along with its field water distribution system were completed in the year
1998. Its stored water will be utilized for irrigation for an area of 950
hectares creating ultimate potential of 931 hectares.

11. 1.2. Location of the village
Siswan is situated at 30.50° North latitude, 76.43° East longitude and is at
elevation of 253 meters above the sea level .Siswan is 93 km distance from its
District Main City S.A.S Nagar . And 96 km distance from its State Main
City Chandigarh . .
Abheypur , Abhipur , Akalgarh , Andheri , Bahalpur , Bahgat Majra Urf
Rampura , ... . are the villages along with this village in the same Majri
Mandal
Near By towns are Kharar(84.4 k.m.) ,S.A.S Nagar(94.4 k.m.) ,Dera
Bassi(109.9 k.m. )
1.3. Population structure of the area
The population structure of the area comprises of the total population of 1070
people of which there are 541 no. males , 529 no. of females , the caste &
community comprises mainly of Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs who are further sub-
divided in Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribes, OBC and General Caste.
1.4. Economic Structure of the area
The main source of economic activity are private jobs and other jobs viz. labourers
. Some people are also employed at Govt. jobs .Agriculture practised is mostly self
sustainable farming. . The area has no banking facilities which can help in
providing financial help to the economic sector. There is no industrial set up in the
area even of a small scale industry type.

12. 1.5. Climate condition of the area
The climate conditions of the area are typical of the state of Punjab and district
Rupnagar . It is characterized by general dryness (except in the south
west monsoon season), a hot summer and a cold winter. The year may be divided
into four seasons. The period from about middle of November to February is the
cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of
June. The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to
about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of
November constitute the post-monsoon or transition season.
The temperature ranges from minimum of 4 °C in winter to 45 °C in summer. May
and June are generally hottest months and December and January are the coldest
months. Relative humidity is high, averaging about 70% during monsoon. The
average annual rainfall in district is 775.6 mm. About 78% of the annual rainfall is
received during June - September.
1.6. Vegetation pattern of the area
The Dry deciduous forest cover is found at siswan . The area under agricultural
production boasts of a produce mainly of Wheat , Maize , Fodder Grass etc. The
land holding is mostly small and scattered . Subsistence farming is practised in
most of the houses .
1.8. Education System of the area
The total number of illiterates are 634 and literates are 436 thus the total number
of illiterates are more than literates .Literacy rate ranges from 40 % to 50 %
roughly , which is very poor.There is only 1 Anganwadies in the area, and 2 Govt.
Elementary school at siswan . There is a desperate need for higher educational
establishment in the village .

13. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER NO. 3

14. The development of area depends on Geo-Socioeconomic setting of the area. Small
units like a village help us for collecting data of various socio economic conditions
so the study of a local area is very essential to the students. The basic aims and
objectives are–
1. To acquire knowledge about various social changes that have taken place at
siswan since the establishment of dam.
2.To examine the socio-economic benefits of water harvesting , if any from the
dam.
3.To analyse the role of water users in conservation and distribution of natural
resource management .
4.To present people's perception about socio-economic changes that have been
taken place after the establishment of dam.
5.To examine agricultural development.
6. To suggest certain measures to improve the socio-economic conditions as well as
the overall development of the village .
Basic aims and objectives of a Rural survey are –
1.To know about the local area, it’s past and present and various problems of
Socio-Economic condition.
2. To get acquainted with the past and present Social environment.

15. 3. To know about the educational status of the particular village and reasons of
their educational backwardness if any.
4. To know about the economic background of the village and the families.
5. To know about the living standards of the villagers.
6. To know about the transportation & communication facilities of the village.
7. To know about the population growth and their views and consciousness
regarding this.
8. To know about the health and hygiene of the villagers and the medical facilities
of the area.
9. To know about the water supply, electricity etc.
10. To know the attitude of the parents towards the education of their children.

16. MAJOR HYPOTHESIS
CHAPTER NO. 4

17. 1. The dams constructed at siswan has made a significant change in agriculture
and associated business .
2.The dams have encouraged the plantations of various types of trees, on the
surrounding hills or hillocks to provide fuel , timber and fodder .
3.The literacy rate particularly in females has also witnessed an increase .
4.The dam has contributed a lot for the improvement and diversification of
economic activities .
5. The village association/ society has played an important role in changing the
economic and social conditions of the villagers.
6. The dam is probably one of the major tourism sites in Punjab .

18. DATA SOURCES
CHAPTER NO. 5

19. Both primary and secondary data has been used in making this report . Data are
numerical statements of aggregates ..Generally speaking ,data are of two types viz.
1. Primary Data - It is collected by the investigator from the source of their origin.
According to Wessel, ' Data originally collected in the process of investigation are
known as primary data' . Thus primary data constitute first hand information .
Primary sources can include
 Interviews, diaries, letters, journals, speeches, autobiographies, and witness
statements
 Articles containing original research, data, or findings never before shared
 Original hand-written manuscripts
 Government documents and public records
 Art, photographs, films, maps, fiction, and music
 Newspaper and magazine clippings
 Artifacts, buildings, furniture, and clothing
2. Secondary Data - These are those data which already in existence and
which have been collected for some other purpose than answering the
question in hand . These data are therefore , called second hand data . Such
data are available in the published or unpublished reports .
Secondary sources can include
 Textbooks
 Review articles and critical analysis essays
 Biographies
 Historical films, music, and art
 Articles about people and events from the paper.

20. METHODOLOGY & PROCEDURE
CHAPTER NO.6

21. 2.1 Selection of the Area
T he area chosen for the particular Socio-Economic Survey had been chosen after
great consideration by the learned and dedicated staff members of the college and
the principal herself.
The area was chosen particularly for its location that is near the city of
Chandigarh and also due its cultural ethnicity.
2.2. Selection of the Sample :
The sample household were chosen on a random basis and most importantly the
once who’s members were willing to co-operate and share the required data with
the survey team.
2.3. Selection of the method :
Various method were applied for the collection of data from all the survey teams.
These methods included – Random Sampling method, Survey method,
Questionaire method, observation method and interview method.
2.4. Data Source ;
For the collection of Data there were namely two sources. 1) Household & 2)
Others.
1. Household : The members of the contacted families and their family head
specifically were the main source for the collection of data. All the information
regarding cultural system literary status, age structure and sex ratio, health and
hygiene, economic aspects – occupational structure, domestic production, income,
house type and settlement pattern, transport and communication were shared by
them.
2. Others : Panchayat members & various reference books were other sources of

22. consolidating information for the socio economic survey of the area.
2.5. Data Processing and Presentation:
All the data collected through data sheet was further aggregated into relevant,
tables, diagrams, chart a master sheet was also made using the data from the 10
data sheets.
The study has been based on deductive research or material. Various hypothesis
have been formulated . In order to achieve the objective of the study . A
comparative study method has been adopted to make an in depth analysis of
socioeconomic status of village area and town in particular . Behavioural approach
has been used to know people’s perspective about change in socioeconomic
environment and development pattern.
An extensive primary survey has been conducted of study area to know the people
perception about the dam and the local town as the multi fact. This has been done
through 180 sample of local inhabitants drawn from the survey and has been
divided into different category people of heterogeneous group.
Questionnaire has been administrated to various groups using a variety of
questions format. Thus the report is made with the help of generalisation of
compact data .

23. ANALYSIS
CHAPTER NO. 7

24. 3.1. Social aspects of the studied families
a) Family status
It is determined by a person’s household type, such as marriage and existing or
prospective children .Family status identify the number of persons to be covered.
Single – one person; Couple – two persons (two adults, or an adult and dependent);
Family – three or more persons (two adults and one or more dependents, or one
adult and two or more dependents).
There are two types of families i.e. joint family .
 The nuclear family or elementary family is a term used to define
a family group consisting of a pair of adults and their children
 According to K.M.Kapadia, “Joint Family is a group formed not only of a
couple and their children, but also other relations either from father’s side of
from mother’s side depending on whether the joint family is patrilineal or
matrilineal. and nuclear family .
 There were more nuclear families in the village.

25. TABLE
JOINT FAMILY NUCLEAR FAMILY
NO. OF FAMILIES 79 101
IN % 43.8 56.1
Source :-(Data collected during field work done in February 2013)
Above figure shows that there were around 101 nuclear families and 79 joint
families in the village i.e. about 43.8% families were joint and 56.1% were nuclear.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
JOINT FAMILY NUCLEAR FAMILY
NO. OF FAMILIES
NO. OF FAMILIES

26. b) Sex composition and Age Structure
Sex composition of the human population is one of the basic demographic
characteristics, which is extremely vital for any meaningful demographic analysis.
The first and foremost is the simple count of males and females. Changes in sex
composition largely reflect the underlying socio-economic and cultural patterns of
a society in different ways. Sex ratio defined here as the number of females per
1000 males in the population, is an important social indicator to measure the extent
of prevailing equity between males and females in a society at a given point of time.
Populationdistributioninvillagesiswanisuneven.Numberofmalesismorethanfemales.
AGE STRUCTURE - The age structure of a population is the distribution of
people among various ages .
The age structure of the families are varied with adult members from the age of 18-
80 yrs. and those of children from 2-14 yrs. years of age.

27. TABLE ( SEX COMPOSITION )
TOTAL
POPULATION OF
VILLAGE
MALES FEMALES
1070 541 529
Source :-(Data collected during field work done in February 2013)
In siswan ,malesoutnumberfemales.Thisshowsthemaledominatingfactorinsiswan..
522
524
526
528
530
532
534
536
538
540
542
MALES FEMALES
SEX COMPOSITION
SEX COMPOSITION

28. c ) MARITAL STATUS
A person's marital status indicates whether the person is married . As there were
more children then the adults in the village , therefore there were more unmarried
people .
Age at marriage of the villagers varied from 16-45 years.
TABLE
MARRIED UNMARRIED
470 600
Source :-(Data collected during field work done in February 2013)
Above figure shows there were more unmarried people , this is because of the fact
that. there were more children population than the adult.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
MARRIED UNMARRIED
MARITAL STATUS
MARITAL STATUS

29. d ) EDUCATIONAL STATUS
The educational status of survey house-hold was most of the members seem to be
illiterate , because of lack of educational facilities available within the village and
few of them would not study due to poverty and negligence. Most of the literate
people studied below metric level .
Status of Education
Therealwaysisavastdifferencebetweenthefacilitiesofeducationavailableinthevillageandthenumber
ofpeoplederivingbenefitthroughthem.Ofthevillagersmajorityofthepopulationabove35yearsofageis
illiterate.Forfemales,thisagecomesdownto25years.Belowthisage,wefoundthatthevillagershave
hadatleastaprimaryschooling.Intheagegroupof15to20years,wefoundthatgirlshavegenerally.
givenupeducationwhiletheboysarestillpursuingtheirhighereducation.But,intheagegroupof5to15
years,mostofthechildrenarestudyingandwefoundparentsencouragingthemtostudybetter.

30. TABLE -EDUCATION LEVEL IN VILLAGE
GRADUATION AND POST
GRADUATION
27
METRIC 116
BELOW METRIC 293
ILLITERATE 634
Source :-(Data collected during field work done in February 2013)
Above figure shows that most of the people were literate in the village. Majority of
people were studied below metric level and knew how to read and write.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
GRADUATION
AND POST
GRADUATES
METRIC BELOW METRIC ILLITRATE
EDUCATION LEVEL IN THE VILLAGE
EDUCATION LEVEL IN THE
VILLAGE

31. e ) RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION
Major section of the population comprised of Hindus and Muslims , whereas
followers of other religion like Sikhs and Harijans were also found .

32. RELIGION ( FAMILY WISE )
SIKH 13
MUSLIM 67
HINDU 95
OTHERS ( HARIJANS ) 5
Source :-(Data collected during field work done in February 2013)
Above figure shows that the village had majority of Hindu population.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
SIKH MUSLIM HINDU OTHERS
RELIGION ( FAMILY WISE )
RELIGION ( FAMILY WISE )

33. f ) STANDARD OF LIVING
Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and
necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area
.

34. LUXURY ITEMS
T.V 95 %
FRIDGE 97%
WASHING MACHINE 57%
A.C 2%
Source :-(Data collected during field work done in February 2013)
The standard of living of the people was quite good as most of the villagers had
their own vehicles, fridge , T.V. ,washing machines and other luxury items.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
T.V FRIDGE WASHING
MACHINE
A.C
LUXURY ITEMS
LUXURY ITEMS

35. 3.2. Economic aspects of the studied families
a) OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
There was no fixed jobs that the house hold members were engaged in, agriculture
activities are carried out for the purpose of self sustain only, and few members
engaged in daily wage earner like labourers and vegetable sellers , some even had
govt. jobs too ,.somevillagerspracticingpoultry,too.But,thisisnotasufficientsourceof
incomeforthevillagers.Sowomenarenowworkinginindustrylikethreadweavingandplastic
makingwheretheyearnaround5,000-7,000rspermonth,thereispickanddropserviceto
work.

36. TABLE ( EARNING POPULATION )
EMPLOYED 272
UNEMPLOYED 798
Source :-(Data collected during field work done in February 2013)
TABLE ( TYPE OF JOBS )
TYPE OF JOBS MALES FEMALES TOTAL
GOVERNMENT
JOBS
31 4 35
PRIVATE JOBS 154 7 161
AGRICULTURE 15 4 19
OTHER JOBS 47 10 57
UMEMPLOYED 267 531 798
Source :-(Data collected during field work done in February 2013)
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
EMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED
EARNING POPULATION

37. O
Peopleengagedinvariousoccupation givesustheideaaboutthegeneral setupofthevillage,whetheritis
agricultureornot.In siswan,161peopleare engagedinprivatejobs ,whereas798wereunemployed.
Becauseagricultureisunabletoprovidelivelihoodtoalltheruralfolkinsiswan ,57 villagers areworking
in other jobs.
b) LIVESTOCK
Almost all the families were engaged in paddy production for their own use on
their personal land. Other items produced for self (family) consumption was
vegetables, poultry, pulses, milk etc. Most of the houses practiced subsistence
dairy farming and they had cows, buffaloes, goats etc tied. in their shed.
Domestication is less now as compared to before because of ban on open grazing.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
GOVT. JOBS PRIVATE JOBS AGRICULTURE OTHER JOBS
MALES
FEMALES
TOTAL

39. c) SETTLEMENT MORPHOLOGY
The term “settlement morphology” includes in its ambit the arrangement of dwellings ina
settlement, their nature and total numbers.
The majority of the houses in the village were pakka houses. Pakka house is house
which is built of cement, iron and bricks and the type of pakka house are bunglow,
multistories and flat, Very few were semi- permanent, Kacha house with mud and
Bamboo walls, doors and windows made from the Bamboos, with thatch roofs,
floor was plastered with mud and cowdung.
Houseisoneofthebasicnecessitiesofhumanbeings.Itprovidessheltertoeachandevery
individual.Housingtypestellsusaboutculturalandsocialaspectsof the settlers.
TABLE
TOTAL
FAMILIES
MIGRATED NATIVE
180 38 142
Source :-(Data collected during field work done in February 2013)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
MIGRATED NATIVE
POPULATION OF THE VILLAGE
POPULATION OF THE
VILLAGE

40. TABLE
TYPE OF HOUSE NO. OF PEOPLE
RENTED HOUSES 35
OWN HOUSES 145
Source :-(Data collected during field work done in February 2013)

41. Above table shows that most people had their own houses.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
RENTED HOUSES OWN HOUSES
HOUSE TYPE
HOUSE TYPE

42. USE OF FUEL
TYPES OF FUEL
PERCENTAGE
COOKING GAS 97
GOBER GAS _
KEROSENE _
WOOD 95
DUNG CAKE 93
Source :-(Data collected during field work done in February 2013)
Siswanisaruralvillage.InSiswan,mostofthe housesareusing firewood,dungcakesandcookinggasas
afuel.Infact,wenoticedmoundsofreadytousesunbakedcow/cattledungcakesinthecornersofthe
houses.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
COOKING GAS GOBER GAS KEROSENE WOOD DUNG CAKE
USE OF FUEL
USE OF FUEL

43. E) Transport and Communication
There were very limited transportation facilities available for the villagers. There
is no public trasport facility .Most of the villagers use their bicycle, motorcycle and
cars to transport. The black tapping roads is almost everywhere, very is few places
are having Kaccha road .
For communication purpose people use mobile phone and landlines. Because of no
mobile tower there is no mobile network is very weak in the village.
There are few telephone connections in the village, but there is no public booth
which offers STD facility. But, television and radio are commonly seen in thevillage
as mass communication media. 2% of the people are having landlines whereas 98%
of them are having mobile phones.

45. 3.3. SOCIAL AMENTIES
1 . Drinking Water
ThevillagersaredependentonTubewellsandGovernmentundergroundpipe forcleandrinking
water.
2. Education
There are 2 Govt. elementary school and1Anganwadipresentinthevillage.Forhigher
education,thevillagershavetogotothefartheroffplaceslikeMullanpur,BaddiandChandigarh
itself.Thevillagehasfacilitiesofeducationupto10Th standardonly.
3. Status of Education
Therealwaysisavastdifferencebetweenthefacilitiesofeducationavailableinthevillageandthe

46. numberofpeoplederivingbenefitthroughthem.Ofthevillagers,majorityofthepopulationabove
35yearsofageisilliterate.Forfemales,thisagecomesdownto25years.Belowthisage,wefound
thatthevillagershavehadatleastaprimaryschooling.Intheagegroupof15to20years,we
foundthatgirlshavegenerallygivenupeducationwhiletheboysarestillpursuingtheirhigher
education.But,intheagegroupof5to15years,mostofthechildrenarestudyingandwefound
parentsencouragingthemtostudybetter .The literacy rate for males is higher
than females.
4. Health
The health and medical status of the villagers was not personally checked
,but generally the complaints of epidemics in the pre-monsoon and monsoon
seasons prevail .Children were not found
affected with apparent symptoms of malnutrition or negligence. The comment on
actual diseases is avoided here because of a lack of authority. But , there appears to
be a general lack of awareness as regards health and hygiene amongst the villagers,
which may actually be leading to health problems .In fact, we noticed that the
houses have on their back sides poor drainage systems which may lead to breeding
of mosquitoes in ill maintained drains covered with filth ,heaps of garbage and
ash(photo numbers 28,29).
5. Medical Facilities
The is no medical facilities available in the village. There is no resident doctor in the
village. In case of emergency , the villagers rush the patients to Mullanpur and P.G.I
in Chandigarh which is at about half an hour’s journey from the village
6. Market
There are only 2 local shops in the village , for buying clothes and luxury items they
have to travel to Mullanpur . There is no vegetable .market in the village , for
vegetables are moving vehicles which comes twice or thrice in a week .

48. SOCIAL FORESTERY
CHAPTER NO. 8

49. Social forestry means the management and protection of forests and afforestation
on barren lands with the purpose of helping in the environmental, social and rural
development.
The term, social forestry, was first used in India in 1976 by The National
Commission on Agriculture, Government of India. It was then
that India embarked upon a social forestry project with the aim of taking the
pressure off currently existing forests by planting trees on all unused and fallow
land.
The forest around the property is abundantly rich in wildlife and the recently
created water reservoir by the ‘Siswan Dam’ offers the opportunity to view a wide
variety of birds safely perched on tree trunks standing in the shallow reservoir
with a passing road a little height providing the perfect view of the birds frolicking
in the water, feeding, cavorting or simply drying their wings like the ever careful
‘Cormorant’.
The siswan dam jungles that have been ravaged by the forest mafia with no
Punjab Government department willing to take action. (See TOI of December 24,
2011). The mafia has cut and torched wild grasses and chopped costly khair trees
in the leopard's lair. The jungles are teeming with wild boars, sambhars, blue bulls,
jackals, passerine birds and migratory ducks in the dam waters Those cutting trees
and grass can be booked under the Wildlife Preservation Act,1972, for destroying
wildlife habitat. . Khair trees which cost more than Rs 20,000 per cubic metre and
are used for making katha, have been axed. The mafia's tractor-trolleys are
offloading from the highway itself .

50. PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTIONS
CHAPTER NO. 9

51. a). PROBLEMS
1.There is no medical facility available in the village
2. There no banking facilities available in the village . ATM's , banks & Post offices
are nowhere to be found .
3.There is lack of security .
4.Compensation value of the land is very low .
5.There is no Public transport facility available in the village .
6. Education status is poor because there is only 2 govt. elementary school present
in the village , for higher education , they have to travel far off places .
7. About 72 % of the villagers are engaged in drinking , 36 % in smoking and 43%
in taking drugs .
8.There no sewage system in the village . Village is having poor drainage systems
which may lead to breeding of mosquitoes in ill maintained drains covered with filth
,heaps of garbage and ash.

52. (B). SUGGESTIONS
1. There can be much more economic development of the village if the village get
aid from government in utilizing advance technologies in agriculture, fishery and
animal husbandry.
2. The village has ample natural wealth in terms of sunshine and wind which can
very well be harnessed to generate non conventional energy by installing wind mills
3. Further , promotion of agro based industries can provide suitable employment
to villagers , thereby reducing their centripetal tendency to migrate to other
greener pastures , in search of livelihood and better prospects.
4.It has great potential for tourism related tertiary economic activities,since it lies
in a area replete with relatively greener surroundings compared to concrete
jungles like Chandigarh or Mohali .
5. Effective rural planning for Siswan entails retention of all good old rural virtues
and introduction of benefits of modern civilization in terms of economic and
settlement rationalization.

53. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER NO. 10

54. Siswan village is a small village located near the siswan dam.
village. It comes under Kharar Tehsil of Rupnagar district in
Punjab, India.The main occupation of the village is private
jobs viz labourers. The main purpose of such a location is to
utilize all the fertile land for cultivation. The amenities in the
village are electricity, road, and pipelines for drinking water
and tubewell for irrigation. Villager has to carry the
patient either to the next village or to Chandigarh for proper
medication. This is very much troublesome and
uneconomical to the villagers. As far as literacy is concerned,
40% of the total village is literate. The
educational facilities available in the village are not upto the
mark. The houses in the village are mainly made up of stone,
brick, cement & mud and roofs of tiles, cement sheet, tin,
asbestos, etc. There are few houses constructed purely from
mud .The village has relatively poor accessibility , as there is
no public transport available .In many houses private vehicles
are present. The villagers have domesticated cows, bullocks,
buffaloes, and goats .Very few farmers have modern
equipments of ploughing like tractor. But, most of them use
bullock carts.
In a nutshell, It’s safe to conclude that village siswan is socio –
economically developed, though not to the extent desired. Much
remains to be done.
Finally, one may round off the instant survey report
by paraphrasing the most famous lines of ROBERT FROST :
“Contours of achievements are lovely, dark and deep, But Siswan
has a promise to keep, Miles to go and Miles to
go Before the DREAMLAND SISWAN REACH!”

55. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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department-forest-mafia>.

56. SISWAN THROUGH LENS

57. SCENIC BEAUTY OF SISWAN