Social security provides social and economic security to citizens. It includes programs that provide assistance for retirement, healthcare, unemployment, work-related injury costs. In India, social security is needed due to the large unorganized sector and lack of family support systems. The major social security laws in India are the Employees' State Insurance Act, Employee Provident Funds Act, Workmen's Compensation Act, Maternity Benefit Act, and Payment of Gratuity Act which provide benefits like medical care, income support for unemployment, maternity, retirement and death/disability. However, most social security programs only cover the organized sector leaving many vulnerable groups without coverage.

1. Social Security
Submitted By
Abhishek Singh
(MSW 3rd sem)
SI No 1
Submitted To
Dr. RK. Bharti
(Assistant Professor)
Dbrau Agra

2. WHAT IS SOCIALSECURITY?
Article 22:- Universal Declaration of Human Right
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is
entitled to realization through national effort and international co-operation
and accordance with the organization and resources of each states, of the
economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the fees
development of his personality.
• Welfare
• Food and Shelter
• Vulnerable Section of Soceity
• Elderly, Unemployed and sick

3. Criteria on which social security work
PENSION
HEALTH
INSURANCE
MATERNITY
PERIOD
GRATUITY DISABILITY

4. BENEFITS MUST UNDER SOCIAL
SECURITY
• SOCAL INSURANCE
Old Age
Survivor’s Benefits
Unemployment Benefits
Disability Benefit
• BASIC SECURITY
Family Benefits
Medical care
Maternity care
Sick leave
• Services
Employment injuries
Sick Leave Benefits

5. METODS OF SOCIAL SECURITY
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
• Social assistance includes
those benefits which are
provided by government
without any contribution
from workers and
employers.
• E.g. workmen’s
compensation, maternity
benefits and old age
pension
SOCIAL INSURANCE
• Social insurance provide
benefits as of rights for
person's of small
earning in the amount
which combine the
contributive efforts of
insured with subsides
from employer and the
government.
• E.g. provident fund and
group insurance

6. Types of Insurance
SOCIAL INSURANCE
• The inspiring motive of
social insurance is the
maintenance of
minimum level of living.
• Benefits are usually
much larger contribution
made.
• This is generally
compulsory.
COMMERICAL INSURANCE
• There is no motive as
such in case of
commercial insurance.
• Benefits in proportion to
the contribution made
i.e. premium paid.
• This is necessarily
voluntary.

7. HISTORY
• “The perfect system of government is that which produces the
greatest amount of happiness, the greatest amount of social
security and the greatest amount of political stability”
- by Simon Bolivar(1819)
• Gifts of money and free grain to the poor in the city of Rome.
- by The Emperor Trajan(98-117 AD)
• The concept of welfare and pension were put in the early
Islamic law of caliphate as form of Zakat, one of the Five pillars
of Islam.
- by Economist Robert Henry Nelson
• One of the first welfare system for the working class in 1883.
• -by Otto von Bismark(Germany)

8. Social Security In India
India has always had a join Family system that took care of social
security needs of all the members provides it had access/
ownership of material assets like land . In keeping with its
cultural traditions, family members and relatives have always
discharged a sense of shared responsibility towards one another.
To the extent that family was recourses to draw upon, this is
often best relief for the special needs and care required by those
in poor health.

9. Organized and Unorganized Sectors
• Organized Sector:- This sector includes primarily those
establishment which are coved by the Factories Act,1948 the
shops and Commercial Establishment Act of State
Government, the Industrial Employment Standing Orders Act,
1946 etc. This sector already has a structure through which
social security benefits are extended to workers covered
under these legislation.
• Unorganized Sector:- This sector is characterized by the lack
of labor law coverage , seasonal and temporary nature of
occupations, high labor mobility, dispersed functioning of
operations, casualization of labor. It comprises mainly of
manual labors in construction, carpentry trade , transport ,
communication, street venders, hawkers .

10. Social Security Coverage In India
Most social security systems in developed countries are linked
to wage employment. In India our situation is entirely different
from the obtaining in developed countries , Difference:-
1. We do not have an existing universal social security system.
2. We do not face problem of exist rate from the workplace
being higher than the replacement rate. Rather on the
country lack of employment opportunities is the key
concern.
3. 90% of the workforce is in the informal sector which is
largely unrecorded and the system of pay roll deduction is
difficulty to apply.

11. Synopsis Of Social Security Laws
The principal social security law enacted in India are the following-
• The Employees state Insurance Act,1948(ESI Act):-This act covers
factories and establishment with 10 or more employees and provides for
comprehensive medical care to the employees and their families as well as
cash benefits during sickness and maternity, and monthly payments in case
of death or disablement.
• The Employee Provident Funds and miscellaneous Provision Act,
1952(EPF and MP act):-This applies to specific scheduled factories and
establishments employing 20 or more employees and ensures terminal
benefits to provident fund, superannuation pension, and family pension in
case of death during service. Separate laws exist for similar benefits for the
workers in the coal mines and tea plantations.
• The workmen’s compensation Act 1923 (WC Act ):-This requires
payment of compensation to the workmen or his family in cases of
employment related injuries resulting in death or disability.
• The maternity Benefit Act ,1961 (MB Act):-This act provides for 12 week
wages during maternity as well as paid leaves in certain other related
contingencies.
• The payment of gratuity Act ,1972(PG Act):-This act provides 15 days
wages for each years of service to employees who have worked for five
years or more in establishment having a minimum of 10 workers.